I'm manning a booth at the Maker Faire (San Mateo County Fairgrounds, May 19-20, http://www.makerfaire.com ) over the weekend and wanted to give a hand-out regarding EVs. In addition to some white papers by Tesla, I wanted to put together two charts.
The first one, I was hoping to put gas price over time, vs battery cost over time. Does anyone know where I'd get data for battery cost? Say, for NiMH and LiIon, over the past 10 years or so?
The second one was inspired by http://www.madkatz.com/ev/batteryTechnologyComparison.html
and it's a chart of battery specs, with an added emphasis on total cost of the battery, per kilowatt-hour, over the lifetime of the battery. Here it is so far... does anyone have good info on what a modern NiCad would be to use? Anyone had experience (and pricing) with Valence's U-Charge? Also, what's the realistic peak power out of a flooded lead-acid or hawker Genesis? (I figure the racers on this list would know for real...)
Tech Density #Cycles Discharge Cost
Wh/kg W/kg (per month) $/kWh $/kW $/LifeTimekWh Est Range
Flooded lead-acid 47 600 20%? $85 $0.14
"AGM" lead-acid 35 412? 500 5%? $145 $12? $0.29 ~60
NiCad 50? 2000? 100%? $300? $0.15
NiMH (Nilar) 55 385 4000 $960 $137 $0.24 ~110
LiIon (18650) 176 631 500 ??% $535 $149 $1.07 ~250
LiPho (A123) 110 3000 1000* $1300 $47 $1.30 ~180
Notes:
LiIon loses 5% of capacity per year, regardless of whether you use it. See http://www.buchmann.ca/Article5-Page1.asp
NiCads have severe memory effects.
W/kg is max possible "peak" rate.
Wh/kg is "average" or "nominal" discharge rate.
Range is affected by how much extra packaging must surround the battery, for example extra temperature monitoring that affects 18650 cells.
18650 cells est. at $5 each
* - cycles claimed by A123
Sources:
http://www.nilar.com/index.php?pageID=33&languageID=1
NiMH based on Nilar 24V 9AHr=216WHr @3.9kg $208 each
http://www.madkatz.com/ev/batteryTechnologyComparison.html
http://www.teslamotors.com/display_data/TeslaRoadsterBatterySystem.pdf
=> 56kWH, 200kW, 200 miles, 375V, 450kg (317kg batt weight est)
6,831 cells, 46.5g each at $5 each would be $34,150 for 56kWHr
http://libattery.ustc.edu.cn/english/introduction%203.htm
Flooded specs based on US Battery US185 spec 195AHr=2340WHr @49kg $200
AGM Specs based on Hawker G70EP 72AHr=864WHr @24.9kg $125
A123 specs based on 3.3V, 2.3Ah, 7.6WHr @70g $10.00 (dev kits are $20 each in much smaller quantity)