During the 1940s and 1950s, Stanislaw Jaskowski and Newton da Costa
independently showed that inconsistency in a logic need not be
identified with triviality. They devised formal logics to serve as
bases of inconsistent yet non-trivial theories.
The study of these paraconsistent calculi, as they have been called
since the 1970s, has evolved into a highly complex enterprise.
Philosophy, the foundations of mathematics, computer science,
theoretical modern physics, linguistics, and the numerous branches of
logic have been influenced by it. In 1991, Mathematical Reviews started
a new section (03B53) with the name "paraconsistent logic".