An Introduction to Real Islam and Jihad (Part 9/15)
[Readers, please note: the original author of this ‘Book’ sent me the draft
for a review and commentary. Having carefully reviewed and having made some
minor corrections/alterations of the draft , I felt compelled to circulate
this basic book on ‘Real Islam’ in the Internet, so that anyone who is
interested in ‘Real Islam’ and Islamic Terrorism may benefit from its rich
content. The original author prefers to remain anonymous at this stage,
until possibly when a publisher agrees to publish this book at an
appropriate time. Due to its prolix nature, I have divided this ’Book’ into
15 parts. This is part 9/15; the remaining parts will be posted as they
become available. Please feel free to comment on this ‘Book.’ All comments
should be sent to
abul88@.... Happy reading—Abul Kasem, the
reviewer.]
Chapter 13
The Inescapable Inferences:
Instead of trying to comprehend and facing the true roots of militant
Islam, we have preferred to hope that Islamic violence is just the
pernicious work of a few individuals or radical groups. We hope that by
destroying the al-Qaida network the threat of Islamic terrorism will cease.
We can then put it out of our minds and hope and pretend that it will no
longer affect us. We are captivated by sports, Harry Potter, the Lord of the
Rings, and rock stars. We are happy that the DOW is back up and interest
rates have lowered, and hope the recession will soon be over. Yet, those
planning our destruction are still living among us and saying that Islam is
a religion of peace. All the while, just as Maslama deceived his good friend
Ka’b b. al-Ashraf in order to murder him, militant Muslims are prudently,
patiently planning their next acts of terrorism.
At the beginning of this work, we asked the readers to keep three
questions in mind during this course of study. They were: reading,
visualizing; and digesting the facts outlined herein has undoubtedly been
distasteful. It tears at the natural human heart to contemplate and
visualize what so many suffered at the hands of early Islam. Though
intelligent, clear thinking individuals have undoubtedly drawn their own
conclusions, the questions are repeated here, along with some of the obvious
inferences drawn now with full support from the material covered.
1) What are the teachings of real Islam found in the Qur’an, Hadith, and
Sira with respect to the use of violence, call it jihad if you like, to
aggressively spread it’s power over non-Muslims, and are these teachings
valid and applicable today?
ANSWER: It should be obvious that real Islam still calls for the use of
jihad, force and violence, when able, to spread Islam’s power over
non-Muslim people. The jihad may take the form of passing out literature for
Islam, or it may take the form of assassination, or a bombing of a building,
or a massacre, for worse. These teachings are valid and applicable even
today.
2) Is real Islam behind and does it condone the murder of 3 000 Americans
and the destruction of the WTC, or are these Muslim terrorists doing
something well outside Muhammad’s religion?
ANSWER: Yes. Real Islam is behind the murder of thousands of Americans and
it condones the destruction of the WTC. Official Islamic theology taught in
most parts of the world justify violent acts to further the cause of
converting all to Islam, especially acts designed to weaken the “Great
Satan”, deemed the biggest threat to that cause.
3) What does the future hold for Islam and America?
ANSWER: Continued Islamic violence. Would that it could be said otherwise,
but it appears likely that Muslims will yet perform many large and small
acts of murderous violence against us. If given the chance they may, one day
,detonate a nuclear warhead, or warheads, in large American cities, as many
in the movement see it as their only viable option. In order to advance
Muslim theology as they see it, these militants know that America must be
brought low, regardless of the cost. They are dedicated and may eventually
succeed in obtaining the bombs or bomb material from Iran, Pakistan, Korea
or perhaps from a former Soviet Republic Country. Muslim militants are
cognizant of how to go about this, their goal is our incapacitation, and
they believe the best way to accomplish this is through the use of WMD’s.
So, why is it that so many Muslims want to see America broken or destroyed?
America is a powerful superpower; indeed, some say the last
superpower. Its military strength and cultural power represents the best
hope against the violent spread of Islam. Obviously, if America is weakened
or incapacitated, then Muslim terrorists can begin to act with more impunity
throughout the world. The attack against the WTC was not simply an effort to
kill large numbers of American people, had they wanted to do that they could
have found better targets. Rather, the attempted attack against the
Whitehouse, the attack against the WTC and at the Pentagon were strikes at
America’s financial strength, government, and command and control centre,
conveniently coupled with the murder and destruction of ordinary Americans.
Muslims believe that if they can hurt us badly, we might capitulate and not
reply to the threat from the extremists, or at least, hope to weaken us and
make it much more difficult to deal with or pursue them elsewhere in the
world. Just as Muhammad destroyed the financial strength and morale of the
date-palm groves of the Banu Nadir, and had key leaders assassinated, so
too, these Muslims have struck at our financial strength and leadership.
Take the current war in Afghanistan and Iraq costing hundreds of
billions. No country can long sustain such expenses. Eventually, our
capacity to counter Islamic violence will spread too thin and diminish.
Calculate the results of 9/11/01. Billions of dollars have been lost. Tens
of thousands of Americans have lost their jobs as a result. The stock market
crashed, taking two years to partially recover, and it is still somewhat
tenuous. The economy fell deeper into recession. Looking further down the
road, they probably hoped that once America is broken or destroyed, then the
rest of Europe, Australia, or other regions could next be targeted.
If Muslims in Algeria can slit the throats of small Algerian children
and throw them down wells, then zealots cut from the same violent cloth will
not care one iota about any American life. These murdered children were
fellow Algerians and sometimes fellow Muslims. Perhaps they weren’t Muslim
enough to the Muslim terrorists. In either case, the devoted Muslims we are
dealing with are of the same spirit that murdered these children, and the
same spirit that had the Jews of the Banu Qurayza tribe massacred. This is a
spiritual war, where militant Muslim extremists are pawns in the hands of a
force with a truly evil agenda. The spiritual power behind terrorism is
bigger, and more perverse, than all failed political theologies propagated
to date. It does not know Islamic bounds. Militant Muslims serving their
terror masters will not care about millions of American deaths; instead,
they will cherish it. Just as devout Muslims in Chicago and on American
campuses rejoiced at the destruction of the WTC, so too, large numbers of
Muslims here and abroad still look forward to the day that America can be
brought low.
Frequently we hear that these terrorists are very, very few, and that
the Islamic community is universally peace-loving. Now should we blindly
accept those assurances and really believe that this type of Islamic
terrorism is the work of just a few individuals? Everyone should be asking
himself; did the 19 Muslim hijackers operate in a vacuum? Should we believe
that no other Muslims, currently living in America, knew about their plans?
The thinking man would have to conclude that these Muslims were known about,
and aided by many other Muslims living here. These and many other Muslims
came here long ago and over an extended period, as men on a mission. They
were known and supported by Muslims throughout America, and the world. If
need be, Muslim accomplices will proclaim that "Islam is a religion of
peace", fly an American flag, cry crocodile tears, and proclaim, "we feel
your pain". But just as Muhammad’s followers betrayed fellow citizens at an
opportune time, these Muslim handlers (terrorists) and their Muslim
accomplices betrayed America. "Islam has broken the former ties", just as
the early Muslims betrayed those who were once their friends. They ate with
you, drank with you, shared part of their lives with you, but the call of
Islam is stronger then American citizenship, personal friendship, or simple
values of integrity and trust. Make no mistake about it, when the time is
ripe, many more Muslims living here in the states may support or commit the
same type of violent actions that were committed on 9/11/01. They aren’t
done, and in their hearts, it ain’t over, not by a long shot.
In truth, the world is filled with Islamic violence, committed by
Muslim terrorists found in all nations. The 19 Muslim hijackers came from
several Muslim countries. The Taliban are filled with Arabs, Chechens,
Indonesians, Chinese, Afghans, Pakistanis, and so on. Even some British and
American Muslims have gone to Afghanistan to fight fellow British and
American soldiers. This type of Islamic terrorism is a worldwide movement
and is not the work of a few hot-headed radicals. It is the work of
dedicated, devout, determined Muslims. American Muslims will continue to
betray American citizens as they have done in Guantanamo and Afghanistan.
The next batch of Muslim terrorists need not be Arab, or dark skinned. They
may be white, blue-eyed, and, blonde. Their dedication to Islam will
override any commitment to America and its people.
Below is the text of fatwa urging Jihad against Americans which was
published in Al-Quds al-'Arabi on February 23, 1998:
On that basis, and in compliance with God's order, we issue the following
fatwa to all Muslims the ruling to kill the Americans and their
allies--civilians and military--is an individual duty for every Muslim who
can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to
liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque from their grip, and in
order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and
unable to threaten any Muslim.
This is in accordance with the words of Almighty God, "and fight the pagans
all together as they fight you all together," and "fight them until there is
no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in God."
CONCLUSION
By their own words and works, Islam is apparently a violent religion
after all, and large parts of it continue to condone and allow the use of
aggressive violence to spread its dominion over non-Muslims. The war that
Muhammad launched long ago continues today, but the stakes are getting
higher. America, European and Asian nations will continue to be adversely
affected by the actions of real Muslims – those that are obeying their God
and Prophet – as they have been in the past. America (and other countries)
previously insulated by distance and oceans are no longer safe and have
become the relatively new targets of expansionist Islam. For all the cries
against Zionism by Muslims, it is in truth Islam that has the most
aggressive ambitions and designs on other peoples and lands.
"Will you listen to me O Meccans? By him who holds my life in His hand I
bring you slaughter." (Muhammad, some of the earliest words spoken in Mecca,
shortly after his first visit by "Gabriel", to people who rejected his claim
to prophethood). "The Life of Muhammad", by A. Guillaume, page 131. Make war
upon such of those to whom the Scriptures have been given as believe not in
God, or in the last day, and who forbid not that which God and His Apostle
(Muhammad) have forbidden, and who profess not the profession of the truth,
until they pay tribute out of hand, and they be humbled."
We see that Muhammad had many people murdered. By request, by command,
by implication, Muhammad had many killed, some while they slept. There were
no trials, no judgments, no dialog. If you insulted Muhammad, if you doubted
his credibility, or if you spoke out, you were killed. Men and women, young
and old, all were killed because of Muhammad's intolerance, anger, hatred,
and disdain towards those who spoke out against him. Today, Fatwas continue
to be issued demanding that faithful kill any perceived to insult the
prophet or discredit his divinity. One wonders if the thin skin and short
temper of Islam is due to insecurity stemming from the inherent weaknesses
of its doctrine. The fact remains that challenging the doctrine of Islam or
hearsay against the prophet carries the penalty of death to this day. The
intellectually insincere individual full of hatred will certainly not
benefit from this book; rather he will undoubtedly be greatly offended by
the facts outlined herein. As the saying goes, ... “A man convinced
against his will, is of the same opinion still”. A closed mind will forever
be unable to draw correct inferences from a set of facts plainly laid out
before him.
Make no mistake about it: By any standard of any age, Muhammad deployed
murderous tactics that can only be described as terrorist in nature.
Muhammad, indeed, taught his followers to oppress or kill non-Muslims.
Today's Muslim terrorists are following his actions literally, … like
prophet, like followers. Today's Muhammedan terrorists commit their acts
with full understanding and belief that they are based upon what Muhammad
said and did, and what he expects of them. Based upon Muhammad's actions and
teachings, large parts of Islam continues to practice, justify, support,
finance, or tolerate terrorism against non-Muslims today. The life of
Muhammad is and will continue to be used by militants as justification to
attack and murder those who differ from them.
Muhammad taught his followers that Islam is the final and universal
religion. Where Islamic law has been instituted, no other religion is
tolerated, unless it agrees to submit to Islamic rule. Today, more than
forty nations have a majority population of Muslims, and Muslim leaders have
spoken of their goal to spread Islam in the West, until Islam becomes a
dominant, global power. That global agenda is in keeping with Muhammad’s
final clear orders: convert... pay with submission ... or die.
Chapter 14
Muslims who Leave Islam:
Under Islamic law [the Sharia is based on the Qur’an, the example of
Muhammad (sunna) and the consensus (ijmaa)], anyone falling away from faith
in Islam commits an "unforgivable sin". Such "apostates" must be taken into
custody by force, and called on to repent. Anyone so confronted and who does
not immediately repent and turn back to Islam has forfeited his life, and is
to be put to death by the state. While this is not carried out on a regular
basis in the many Islamic lands practicing Sharia, the threat is ever
present.
One of Islam’s most respected theologians and prolific writers in the
last century, Pakistani Abu’l Ala Mawdudi, insists that both Qur’an and
Hadith demand an apostate’s execution. He quotes the Qur’an (9:11-12) and
the canonized Hadith: “Any person, i.e. Muslim, who has changed his
religion, kill him” (Al-Bukhari, Vol. 9, p. 45). The Islamic scholar, Majid
Khadduri, agrees that Qur’anic commentaries say a believer who turns back
from his religion must be killed if he persists in disbelief (p. 150).
Today "Islamic jihad" draws on religious texts whose interpretations,
some genuinely peaceful Muslims dispute. They challenge this interpretation
of jihad because they wish to live in peace with non-Muslim peoples and
nations, and as a result, their lives are also threatened. Muhammad was not
content to conquer by force, or kill those that merely opposed him verbally.
Muhammad also taught that Muslims who leave the Islamic faith are to be
murdered as well. Here are some quotes from Bukhari's collection of Hadith.
Remember, Bukhari's Hadith is the second most important writing in Islam,
following the Quran.
Bukhari, volume 9, #17
"Narrated Abdullah: Allah's Messenger said, "The blood of a Muslim who
confesses that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am
His Messenger, cannot be shed except in three cases: in Qisas (equality in
punishment) for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual
intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (Apostate) and leaves the
Muslims."
Bukhari volume 9, #57
Narrated Ikrima, "Some atheists were brought to Ali and he burnt them. The
news of this event, reached Ibn Abbas who said, "If I had been in his place,
I would not have burnt them, as Allah's messenger forbade it, saying, "Do
not punish anybody with Allah's punishment (fire)." I would have killed them
according to the statement of Allah's Messenger, "Whoever changed his
Islamic religion, then kill him."
Bukhari volume 9, #64
Narrated Ali, "Whenever I tell you a narration from Allah's messenger, by
Allah, I would rather fall down from the sky, then ascribe a false statement
to him, but if I tell you something between me and you, (not a Hadith), then
it was indeed a trick (i.e., I may say things just to cheat my enemy). No
doubt I heard Allah's messenger saying, "During the last days there will
appear some young foolish people, who will say the best words, but their
faith will not go beyond their throats (i.e. they will leave the faith) and
will go out from their religion as an arrow goes out of the game. So,
wherever you find them, kill them, for whoever kills them shall have reward
on the Day of Resurrection."
Not only did Muhammad teach that Muslims are to murder those that have
left Islam, "wherever you find them", he further taught that a Muslim who
commits this type of murder of fellow Muslims will also be doing God's
service and will be rewarded. It is in this spirit and understanding that
many ‘honor’ killings occur in Muslim communities. The following is a news
release of one such killing that happen to be recorded, thousands of other
incidents have occurred with no record, there are many dark secrets to for
Islam to hide.
Islamic Dissent:
November 1989 - St. Louis - The FBI inadvertently tape-recorded the entire
episode of a teenage girl being killed by her Palestinian father and
Brazilian mother (the Feds were looking for evidence of terrorism, which
they also found). Apparently their daughter had not lived according to their
view of Islam. In a ghastly eight-minute sequence, Zein Isa stabbed his
daughter Palestina thirteen times with a butcher's knife as his wife held
the girl down and responded to Palestina's pleas for help with a brutal
"Shut up!" The killing ends with Zein screaming; "Die! Die quickly! Die
quickly! … Quiet, little one! … Die, my daughter, die!" By this time, she is
dead. The 1989 killing in St. Louis was captured on a court-approved FBI
telephone tap of a Palestinian, Zein Isa, who was suspected of supporting
terrorist causes. Agents were not listening as the killing took place. The
FBI ultimately handed over the tape, which was used to help convict the
couple of murder. An egregious example of a family honor killing, permitted
in some Islamic cultures, the murderous couple killed their daughter to
insure she did not expose their terrorist plans and affiliations.
The Associated Press - Nov. 7, 2002 - TEHRAN, Iran — A prominent reformist
scholar has been sentenced to death on charges of insulting Islam's prophet
and questioning the hard-line clergy's interpretation of Islam. A court in
Hamedan in western Iran sentenced university professor Hashem Aghajari to
death, Saleh Nikbakht told The Associated Press. Aghajari was detained in
August after a closed hearing in Hamedan where he made a speech in June
questioning the hard-line interpretations of the ruling clerics. Nikbakht
said Aghajari, a top member of the reformist political party, Islamic
Revolution Mujahedeen Organization, was also sentenced to 74 lashes, banned
from teaching for 10 years and exiled to three remote Iranian cities for
eight years. Iranian courts often impose such multiple sentences in cases
where it wants to make an example of the accused. In cases where the death
sentence is imposed, the others are not carried out. Nikbakht insisted his
client had not said anything that insulted the Prophet Muhammad, as the
charges alleged. "There has never been a word insulting the prophet in
Aghajari's speech. This verdict is nothing but a rule against Iran's
national interests," Nikbakht said. In his speech, Aghajari had said
clerics' teachings on Islam were considered sacred simply because they were
part of history, and he questioned why clerics were the only ones authorized
to interpret Islam. Later, he was charged with insulting Islamic sanctities
and the court described his speech as blasphemous.
In the city of Multan in Pakistan, Ayub Masih (Christian), who had
previously been accused of insulting the Prophet Muhammad under the
“Blasphemy Law,” is being held in solitary confinement in a four-by-six foot
cell. He also faces the death penalty.
Suspected Collaborators:
The Associated Press — April 23 2002 HEBRON, West Bank - Palestinian
militiamen killed three suspected collaborators in Hebron Tuesday ... A mob
strung up two of the battered, bullet-punctured bodies, and some brought
their children to see the gruesome act of revenge. Hooded vigilantes shot
the three alleged informers and dumped their bound and gagged bodies on the
same spot where a missile from an Israel helicopter gunship killed Marwan
Zalloum, a commander of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades militia, in a targeted
attack just hours before. The militia is linked to Palestinian leader Yasser
Arafat's Fatah movement. "The fate of all collaborators will be like this,"
one of the masked men told reporters as he and the others sped away in a
car. A similar action occurred in Ramallah on Monday, the public shooting of
three alleged collaborators on the main square of Ramallah, while a large
crowd watched as they lay on the ground, writing in pain. Bystanders tried
to block approaching ambulances, but the three were eventually taken to a
city hospital where one later died. … several dozen alleged informers have
been killed by fellow Palestinians in the past 19 months of fighting with
Israel.
In Hebron, a large crowd quickly gathered around the corpses lying in Salam
Street. One of the bodies was strung up by one leg from an electricity pylon
and stripped by the crowd down to his green underwear, his blood-soaked
shirt pulled over his head to reveal deep cuts and bruises. Another body was
strung up from a lamppost. People stuffed burning cigarettes in the bullet
holes in the torso. Some kicked, spat and threw rocks at the corpses.
The three men suffered multiple gunshot wounds in the head and body, with
their hands tied behind their backs. Their limbs also appeared broken,
though it was not clear whether the injuries were inflicted before or after
they died. Seven men in a car, all wearing woolen hoods or keffiyehs wrapped
around their faces, claimed responsibility. The driver of the car, wearing a
headband of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, told a reporter that the killings
were in revenge for Zalloum's death (Zalloum and his bodyguard were killed
in an Israeli missile attack). Thousands of people paraded past the bodies
until a white municipal pickup truck came to take them away 3 hours later.
As each body was thrown into the back of the truck, the crowd clapped,
cheered, whistled, and chanted "Allahu akbar," or God is great. Some men
lifted small children in the air for a better look. Others climbed up the
stairs of a nearby mosque or onto rooftops for an unobstructed view. No one
in the crowd objected to the violence. Many were smiling. Men whistled their
approval on the street and women yelled from rooftops. Young children
wandered past the sticky pool of blood on the ground and stared. Local
reports later said one of the men died. "No problem," said a 16-year-old boy
standing nearby. "They deserved it. They talked to Israel." But a
20-year-old woman who walked quickly past the crowd disapproved. "What will
the world think when they see this?" she asked.
The Associated Press – Aug 7, 2003 West Bank, Israel — Palestinian militants
executed a suspected collaborator with Israeli intelligence in the central
square of the West Bank town of Ramallah on Thursday, while a halt to
attacks against Israelis continued to hold. The Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades,
linked to Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement, carried out the
summary execution in Ramallah, not far from Arafat's office. Witnesses said
three gunmen pulled the man into a car and drove to the center of town.
Then, one of the gunmen pulled the man from the car and shouted, "In the
name of the Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, we carry out the sentence of death,"
and shot him. He was identified as Samer Sharour, in his early 20s. Doctors
said he was hit by six bullets in the head and chest. During the past
decade, Palestinian militants have executed dozens of suspected
collaborators, sometimes hanging their bodies in public squares, drawing
criticism from human rights groups. The Palestinian Authority also has
publicly executed several such suspects after quick trials.
Reuters – Aug 7, 2003 - SRINAGAR, India (Reuters) — Muslim separatist
guerrillas in Indian Kashmir beheaded two people, one of them a teacher,
Tuesday in the latest violence in the disputed Himalayan region, police
said. The teacher was abducted in the Anantnag district, south of Kashmir's
main city Srinagar, and later beheaded because the rebels suspected he was
an informer for the security forces, a police spokesman said. "Militants
abducted and later beheaded Abdul Ahad Sheikh and his son," a police
official said. The killings took place in Baramulla district in northern
Kashmir. Militants also beheaded a villager in a neighboring district, also
because he was suspected of being an informer, he said.
REFERENCES:
[1]
http://answering-islam.org/Silas/
[2] Mir, Mustansir, "Dictionary of Qur’anic Terms and Concepts", Garland,
New York, NY, 1987.
[3] Jeffery, Arthur, "Islam: Muhammad and His Religion", Bobs Merril
[4] "Encyclopaedia of Islam", published by Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.
[5]
http://answering-islam.org/Silas/mo-death.htm
[6] Kassis, Hanna, "Concordance of the Qur’an", University of California
Press, Los Angeles, CA, 1983.
[7] "Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam", edited by H.A.R. Gibb, published by
Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.
[8] Ibn Kathir, "Tafsir of Ibn Kathir" published by Al-Firdous, New York,
NY, 2000.
[9] "Reliance of the Traveler", (A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law), by
Ahmad al-Misri, translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, published by Amana
publications, Beltsville, Maryland, USA 1991
[10] Muslim, Abu’l-Husain, "Sahih Muslim", translated by A. Siddiqi,
International Islamic Publishing House, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1971. [nternet
version is available at
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/]
[11] al-Tabari, "Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk", (The History of al-Tabari),
volume 8, State University of New York Press, 1997.
[12] Ibn Ishaq, (d.782), "Sirat Rasulallah", compiled by A. Guillaume as
"The Life of Muhammad", Oxford, London, 1955
[13] Sell, Canon, "The Historical Development of the Qur’an", published by
People International.
[14] Bukhari, Muhammad, "Sahih Bukhari", Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, India,
1987, translated by M. Khan [Internet version is available at
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/]
[15] "The Nobel Qur’an", translated by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali
and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, published by Maktaba Dar-us-Salam, PO Box
21441, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia, 1994. [Internet version is available at
http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/]
[16] Dawood, N. J., "The Koran", Penguin, London, England, 1995
[17] Watt, W. M., "Muhammad at Mecca", Oxford University Press, London 1952.
[18] Gatje, Helmut, "The Qur’an and its Exegesis", Oneworld, Oxford,
England, 1997[19] Rodwell, J. M., "The Koran", by, published by Everyman,
London, England
[20] Ibn Sa'd, (d. 852 A.D.), "Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir", (Book of the
Major Classes), translated by S. Moinul Haq, Pakistan Historical Society
[21] Dashti, Ali, "23 Years: A Study in the Prophetic Career of Mohammad",
Mazda, Costa Mesa, CA, 1994. Translated by F.R.C. Bagley
[24] Wensinck, A., "Muhammad and the Jews of Medina", pub. by K. S. V.
[25]
http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Muir/Life3/chap13.htm
[26] Abu Dawud, Suliman, "Sunan", al-Madina, New Delhi, 1985, translated by
A. Hasan. [Internet version is available at
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/abudawud/
[27] Ayoub, Mahmoud, "The Qur’an and Its Interpreters" vol. II - The House
of Imran, Albany, N.Y.; State University of New York Press, 1992
[28] Ali, Yusef, "The Holy Qur'an", published by Amana, Beltsville,
Maryland, USA, 1989 [Internet version is available at
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/]
[29] Asad, Muhammad , "The Message of the Qur’an", Dar Al-Andaulus,
Gibraltar, 1980
[32] Payne, Robert, "The History of Islam", Dorset Press, New York, 1990
[33] Fregosi, Paul, "Jihad", Prometheus Books, Amherst, New York, 1998
[35] Rehman, Afzal, "Subject Index of the Holy Qur’an", published by
Classical Printers, Delhi, India, 1987
This essay continues in part 10/15
_________________________________________________________________
Hot chart ringtones and polyphonics. Go to
http://ninemsn.com.au/mobilemania/default.asp