"They should give him (Shudra) the leftovers of their food, their old clothes, the spoiled parts of their grain, and their wom-out household utensils" (125, Chapter X).

"A servant (Shudra) should not amass wealth, even if he has the ability, for a servant (Shudra) who has amassed wealth annoys priests" (129, Chapter X).(All these quotations are from Doniger and Smith, 1991).

'Un-Aryan coarseness, cruelty, and habitual failure to perform the rituals are the maninfestations in this world indicating that a man is born of a defiled womb" (58, Chapter X).

`From an outlaw who is a ruler are born the (castes) 'Pugilist' (Jhalla), 'Wrestler' (Malla), and 'Licchavian' (Lichavi), 'Dancer' (Nata), 'Scribe' (Karana), 'Scab' (Khasa), and'Southerner' (Dravida)" (22, Chapter X),

"From a 'Hunter' (nisada) is born an 'Inferior Worker' (Karavara), who works with leather, and froma 'Videhan' (the name comes from the ancient kingdom of Videha, on the banks of the river Ganga) come an 'Andhran' (Andhra) and a 'Fatty'(meda), who live outside the village" (36, Chapter X).

"In childhood a woman should be under her father's control, in youth under her husband's, and when her husband is dead, under her sons'. She should not have independence" (148, ChapterV).

"Good looks do not matter to them, nor do they care about youth; 'A man!' they say, and enjoy sex with him, whether he is good-looking or ugly" (14).

"By running after men like whores. by their fickle minds, and by their natural lack of affection these women are unfaithful to their husbands even when they are zealously guarded here"(15).

"Knowing that their very own nature is like this, as it was born at the creation by the Lord of Creatures, a man should. make the utmost effort to guard them" (16).

"The bed and the seat, jewellery, lust,anger, crookedness, -a malicious nature, and bad conduct are what Manu assigned to women" (18).

"There is no ritual with Vedic verses for women; this is a firmly established point of law. For women, who have no virile strength and no Vedic verses, are false-hood; this is well established" (19, Chapter IX).

While there is a lengthy description of the code that should government's relations with women, for the woman the Manusmriti has the following:

"But a woman who is unfaithful to her husband is an object of reproach in this world; (then) she is reborn in the womb of a jackal and is tormented by the diseases (born) of (her) evil' (30, Chapter IX).

"Brahmin is the head, King the hands, Vaishya the thighs and Shudra the feet. This means that the people who have thus, four-fold arrangement, i.e., the Hindu people, is our God". (Golwalkar,1966, p. 25 ).

`The 2nd state Hindu Advocates Conference Organised by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad at Madurai onApril 18 and 19, 1992, has demanded the review and redrafting of the Constitution. Shri V.K.S. Chaudhary, Advocate General of U.P. in his key-note address asserted that the Manusmriti rendered `justice for all'. Manu took the entire mankind and its needs for ages and evolved his code. Manusmriti was for all times and ages and for all mankind".

"The centrality of Maharashtra in the formation of the ideology and organisation of Hindutva in the mid-1920s might appear rather surprising, as Muslims here were a small minority and hardly a threat, and there had been no major riots in this region during the early 1920s. But Maharashtra had witnessed a powerful anti-Brahmin movement of backward castes from the1870s onwards, when Jyotiba Phule had founded his Satyashodhak Samaj. By the 1920s, the Dalits, too, had started organising themselves under Ambedkar, Hindutva in 1925 as in 1990-91, was an upper caste bid to restore a slipping hegemony..." (Basu, Dutta, Sarkar, Sarkar and Sen,1993, pp. 10-11).

`All past civilisations 'had their day, abode a day or two and passed away', because they had nothing to fulfill. We, however, live on, despite far greater calamities, and ever emerge triumphant masters of the world. We have no reason to loose hope. Act first... a stage sogloamed with woe, We all but sicken at the shifting scenes. And yet be patient, our Play Wright 'will' show, in some fifth Act what this wild drama means. Let us be patient" (Golwalkar (sic), 1939, p' 65).

'Fascism puts the people at the mercy of the most corrupt and venal elements but comes before them with the demand for 'an honest and incorruptible government' speculating on the profound disillusionment of the masses... fascism adapts its dem-agogy to the peculiarities of each country. And the mass of petty bourgeois and even a section of the workers, reduced to despair by want,unemployment and insecurity of their existence fall victim to the social and chauvinist demagogy of fascism,' (Dimitrov, 1972, p. 12).