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  • Founded: Aug 13, 2004
  • Language: English
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#730 From: Rosabeth Koehn <rosabethbk@...>
Date: Fri Jan 1, 2010 7:28 pm
Subject: Re: Happy New Year 2010
rosabethbk@...
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Dear JustPeace Friends,

I'd like to wish you a very happy New Year from North America! Everyday I remember my experience living in Viet Nam, including my work with CJPA. That experience has changed my outlook on the world forever, and I pray that I will always find ways to work for justice and peace wherever I am. May the new year bring many new blessings into your hearts and much justice and peace to your communities.

Sincerely,
Rosie

On Thu, Dec 31, 2009 at 2:18 AM, JahanAra <jahanara_peace@...> wrote:
 

Dear Friends,

Lots of wishes, good luck, better health and a prosperous New year 2010 to all of us.May Peace and Justice prevail in our life.

Peace
jahan ara


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#731 From: shreeram chaudhary <chaudhary_srmail@...>
Date: Sat Jan 2, 2010 6:35 am
Subject: Fw: New year gift
chaudhary_srmail@...
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Dear friends
Accept the gift of new year 2010.
Withbest
Shreeram
Nepal


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#732 From: Max Ediger <ediger.max@...>
Date: Wed Jan 6, 2010 2:30 am
Subject: Fwd: Job Advert and Scholarship Program
maxediger
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Friends:  I received this information today and want to pass it on to you.  If you are interested you need to contact the organizations directly.......max
 

1. Conflict Team Leader (maternity cover) 

Closing date for applications:  5pm on 25 January 2010.

5 January 2010

Ref: C352
Based in Southwark, London with some international travel
Salary: Ł36,000 per annum pro rata
35 hours per week
Duration:  9 month maternity cover contract

CARE International is one of the three biggest aid agencies in the world.  Reaching more than 59 million people in over 70 countries, our aim is to create long-lasting and sustainable change for the world’s most vulnerable people.

CARE International UK (CIUK) is recruiting a Conflict Team Leader to head a team which plays a leadership role for CARE International globally, providing technical support for improving the quality and impact of CARE's programmes.  Conflict is a strategic priority area of work for CIUK.

CARE works in many countries affected by, or recently emerging from violent conflict.  CIUK supports numerous country offices globally to ensure conflict sensitivity in their programmmes and organizational approaches.  CIUK further supports CARE country offices to implement high quality peacebuilding programming and conducts advocacy to influence the policies and practices of other agencies and donors in support of peace.

We are looking for a highly competent and experienced people and process manager, with a strong understanding of conflict sensitivity and peacebuilding, to provide maternity cover.

You will manage a highly motivated team, ensuring the high quality implementation of the team’s portfolio, providing vision and leadership to the team.  You will also be responsible for ensuring the effective stewardship of two significant consortium contracts which CIUK holds.  You will provide technical expertise in conflict sensitivity and peacebuilding to support the team, and to lead in several key initiatives.  You will hold responsibility for the evaluation of the conflict portfolio in 2010 and the drafting of the conflict component of the Programme Partnership Agreement Proposal, in line with the conflict strategy.  You will provide leadership to the development of a conflict centre of expertise, and support a new team member in furthering this initiative and wider knowledge management work.

You will have a masters level of education (or equivalent) in development or a closely related subject, and experience in practical implementation of peacebuilding programmes, in capacity building for conflict sensitivity, and in policy analysis or advocacy.  You will have excellent team management skills, demonstrable success in fundraising and donor liaison, and experience of project management.

For a full job description please refer to the link on the right-hand side of this page.  To apply please send your CV together with a supporting statement highlighting how you meet the criteria in the person specification to:  jobs@...


2. Call for Applications, World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program

In 1987, the World Bank, with funding from the Government of Japan, established the World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program (WBGSP) for graduate studies in subjects related to economic development. Each year, the Program awards scholarships to individuals from World Bank member countries to undertake graduate studies at renowned universities throughout member countries of the Bank.

JJ/WBGS Program: Overview
Now in its 23d year, the Regular Program has awarded 3,153 scholarships, selected from 58,944 applicants. In addition, 1,226 scholarships have been awarded in the various JJ/WBGSP Partnership Programs for a total of 4,379 awards.

The Program's objective is to help create an international community of highly trained professionals working in the field of economic and social development. The World Bank and the Government of Japan require the scholars to return to their home countries on completion of their study Programs and apply their enhanced knowledge and skills to contribute to the development process in their respective regions and communities.

Eligibility

To apply for a JJ/WBGSP scholarship under the Regular Program, an applicant must:

* Be a national of a World Bank member country eligible to borrow.
* Be born after March 31, 1970.
* Have, by March 31, 2010, at least 2, preferably 4 to 5, years of recent full time professional experience acquired after a university degree, in the applicant’s home country or in another developing country.
* Hold a bachelor's degree or its equivalent.
* Be in good health.
* Be of good character.
* Not be a permanent resident or a national of any industrialized country.
* Not be residing in an industrialized country for more than one year.
* Not be an Executive Director, his/her alternate, staff of the World Bank
Group (the World Bank, International Finance Corporation, International Development Association, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes), consultant, or relative of the aforementioned.

Program of Study

* Eligible applicants should propose a program of study related to development at the master's level, in fields such as economics, health, education, agriculture, environment, natural resource management, or other development‑related subject.

* The proposed program of study should start during the academic year 2010/2011 for a maximum duration of two years. The JJ/WBGSP does not support applicants who are already enrolled (i.e., taking classes) in graduate degree programs.
* Applicants should submit evidence of current unconditional admission to at least one development-related university master’s degree program and are encouraged to submit application to a second such program. Applicants are encouraged to apply to one of the Preferred Universities which, other things equal, will have priority in the scholarship award.
* The Program does not support studies in the applicant’s home country.
* The Program does not support applicants for MBA, MDs, M.Phil. or Ph.D. degrees.
* The Program does not support legal studies such as J.D., L.L.M. or S.J.D. except for L.L.M.’s related to human rights, environment, or good governance.


Attention!
The scholarship program does not sponsor undergraduate studies, distance learning programs, short-term training, conferences, seminars, thesis writing, research projects, and fields of studies not related to development. All these requests will not be considered.

The Program does not support certain other fields of study.

Selection Criteria

Eligible applications are assessed according to three main factors: academic excellence, professional experience, and relevance of program of study. Priority is given to candidates from the public sector with a high potential to impact the development in their own countries after completion of their studies. To the extent permitted by Program requirements and selection standards, the JJ/WBGSP:

* seeks to maintain a reasonably wide geographical distribution of awards and gives priority to applicants from low-income countries
* supports promising female candidates
* gives priority to those candidates who, other things equal, have limited financial resources

Special Conditions


* In accepting the JJ/WBGSP scholarship, candidates commit themselves to return to and work in their home countries after completion of their studies.
* In accepting this scholarship, candidates consent to the employment restriction policy of the JJ/WBGSP and acknowledge that they will not be able to work at the World Bank Group or IMF for three years after completion of their academic program.

The JJ/WBGSP scholarship provides annual awards to cover the cost of completing a master's degree or its equivalent. The awards are given for one year and, provided that the academic program is longer than one year, may be renewed for a second consecutive year or a portion thereof, subject to satisfactory academic performance in the first year and the availability of funds. There is an absolute two year maximum limit on JJ/WBGSP awards.

The scholarship provides benefits for the recipient only, covering
:

* economy class air travel between the home country and the host university at the start of the study program and one return journey following the end of the overall scholarship period. In addition to the ticket, scholars receive a US $500 travel allowance for each trip;
* tuition and the cost of basic medical and accident insurance usually obtained through the university;
* a monthly subsistence allowance to cover living expenses, including books.

The JJ/WBGSP scholarship does not cover:


* expenses for the scholar's family
* extra-curricular courses or training
* language training
* additional travel during the course of the study program
* additional expenses related to research, supplementary educational materials, field trips, or participation in workshops, seminars, or internships while at the host university; or
* educational equipment such as computers

In addition:


* The scholarship award is valid for the academic year immediately following the offer of award and cannot be deferred for any reason.
* The amount of scholarship may vary depending upon the host country and the tuition charged by the host university. In recent years the annual value of a scholarship has averaged around US$35,000.
* The JJ/WBGSP scholarship only supplements, and does not duplicate, any other source of financial support/fellowship the scholar might have. Scholars must inform the JJ/WBGSP if they have other sources of scholarship funds. The JJ/WBGSP stipend may be withdrawn completely or partially if during the scholarship period the Program has evidence of additional sources of support.


The application together with ALL supporting documentation must be received in the Scholarship Program Office by the deadline of March 31, 2010.
Applicants should make the necessary provision to ensure receipt of their application package before the deadline. The program Secretariat is not responsible of any possible delay in mail delivery.

Due to the large volume of paperwork handled by the JJ/WBGSP Secretariat, it is not possible to respond to telephone or mail requests regarding the status of applications.

APPLICANTS WILL BE NOTIFIED OF RESULTS BY THE END OF JULY 2010.

 




--
The day we stop killing off our own species, our world will become a book with no more torn pages.
- Zoe Taylor, McClure Middle School, Seattle, WA

#733 From: Amrit Manandhar <amrit_manandhar2001@...>
Date: Fri Jan 8, 2010 4:36 am
Subject: Re: Happy New Year 2010
amrit_manand...
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Dear All,

 

Season’s Greetings and Best Wishes

I Wish you that your all dreams comes True..
*MERRY CHRISTMAS & HAPPY NEW YEAR 2010*

 

Amrit Manandhar

 

 


 
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#734 From: Goldy George <goldymgeorge10@...>
Date: Mon Jan 18, 2010 8:00 am
Subject: Trade, Corporate Market & Indigenous People
goldymgeorge10@...
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SORRY FOR CROSS POSTING

Dear friend:
Here is a paper on how trade and corporate markets affect the ordinary people of this land. Please go through it and give your valuable comments and also send it to people in your friends list. If you could publish it or post it, then I would be really greatful.

Thanks
Goldy

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#735 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Thu Jan 21, 2010 9:21 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 21/1/10
piapi
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  1. New anti-terrorism law a threat to the opposition?
  2. Election ‘preparation’ barred from media
  3. Farmers ordered to sell paddy to army in northern Burma
  4. Rohingya a year later
  5. Several politicians express support for Burma election
  6. Suu Kyi lawyers give final arguments in top Myanmar court
  7. As poll looms, Myanmar still building parliament
  8. Vietnam boosts investment in Myanma
  9. Dark signs of things to come
  10. Myanmar democracy leader Suu Kyi meets official
  11. Ageing Myanmar opposition gets “middle-aged” boost
  12. Woman included in NLD expansion
  13. Burma electoral laws ‘70 percent complete’
  14. Ethnic leaders reject election
  15. Junta recruits forcibly to form people’s militia to harass KIA
  16. Myanmar polls likely in 2nd half of yr
  17. Burma freedom is ‘worst of the worst’
  18. ‘Third force’ party to reconsider Burma elections
  19. Gullible Gambari
  20. Irrawaddy: The political reformer: U Thu Wai
  21. New enemies of the state in Burma
  22. Kachin students launch “anti-government” poster campaign in Burma’s Myitkyina
  23. Junta turns to Draconian electronics law to silence critics
  24. Burma elections to be held ‘in October’

 

New anti-terrorism law a threat to the opposition? – Saw Yan Naing
Irrawaddy: Wed 20 Jan 2010

Burmese authorities have drafted and plan to introduce a new anti-terrorism law this year, according to a report in this month’s journal of the Myanmar Times.Based on statements made on Dec 18 by Pol Col Sit Aye, the head of the Burmese police’s Department of Transnational Crime, the report said the Ministry of Home Affairs cooperated with several departments to implement the law.

“Action will be taken against those who offer financial or material support to terrorism. This is a very important step for the security of the people,” Sit Aye was qoted as saying.

Observers and lawyers contacted by The Irrawaddy on Wednesday are concerned the law will be used by the Burmese military government as a tool to control anti-government activities.

Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Wednesday, Saw Kyaw Kyaw Min, a Burmese lawyer who fled into Thailand after the Buddhist monk-led protest in Sep. 2007 said the law only seemed to benefit the government.

“If this law is promulgated, it will be used as a tool to entrench the rule of the military dictatorship,” he said.

“Causing death and injury through bombings and shootings can be called terrorism, but not providing financial and material support to opposition and political organizations striving for democratic reform through non-violent means,” he said.

It is another story if an organization or individual receives support from a group that conducts armed operations, however, said a Rangoon-based Burmese lawyer on Wednesday.

“It all depends on how the Burmese government defines terrorism,” he said.

The lawyer also said the regime regularly denounced illegal groups and named armed groups as terrorists in its newspapers, but it has yet to officially announce terrorist groups and the anti-terrorism law.

“Perhaps the regime will officially announce the anti-terrorism law when they are ready to enforce it,” he added.

The Myanmar Times report accused armed groups such as the Karen National Union (KNU) and the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front of involvement in terrorism and that financial support and training provided by these groups are recognized as acts of terrorism.

However, some observers said the anti-terrorism law may be aimed at dissident groups or individual activists who contact opposition groups in exile. Some suggest the regime intends to use the law during the election period in 2010 to prevent any anti-government opposition including public gatherings and other forms of “social unrest.”

Zipporah Sein, general-secretary of the KNU, said the government’s anti-terrorism law intends to restrict dissident activities and prevent opposition supporters and democracy activists from participating in political activities in the run up to the election.

In Burma, any individual or organization who is contacted by or receives support from illegal groups such as dissident and armed groups can be charged under the Section 17/1 of the Illegal Organization Act. Violators can be sentenced to 3 to 5 years in prison, according to lawyers.



Election ‘preparation’ barred from media – Ahunt Phone Myat
Democratic Voice of Burma: Wed 20 Jan 2010

Burmese media has been banned from publishing material covering political groups’ preparations for the elections this year, while news of the elections themselves is allowed.The censoring has targeted parties belonging to the ‘third force’ in Burmese politics; those neither aligned to the incumbent nor opposition groups, said potential runner Phyo Min Thein, who recently organized a discussion forum on Burmese politics in Rangoon.

“Basically, [the junta] is blocking its opponents from exercising their rights and is looking to manipulate the [political] playground for itself,” he said.

A veteran news editor in Rangoon said that reporting on activities to do with the elections is not likely to be allowed until the elections laws and laws regarding the formation of political organisations are announced.

He added however that even when laws are announced, the media will be allowed only limited scope to report on the events.

His comments were echoed by the secretary of the Burma Media Association, San Moe Wei, who said that the delay in announcing the elections laws and date was deliberate, and will give the media “limited freedom…to report on events”.

“[The government] was once defeated in the 1990 elections, so it seems like they will be very careful not to make the same mistakes this time,” he added.

Other political activists in Rangoon speculated that media reports on the elections were not yet allowed because the government was still working to persuade credible and influential political figures, who are not government-backed, to join the elections as individual parliamentary representatives.

Veteran Burmese politician and former ambassador to China, Thakin Chan Htun, said that Burma should model its elections on that of neighbouring countries.

“I would like to urge leaders of the [army] to hold the elections the way Bangladesh did, where the country’s polls were praised by the international community as free and fair,” he said.

Farmers ordered to sell paddy to army in northern Burma
Kachin News: Wed 20 Jan 2010

Farmers in Kachin State in northern Burma are in a spot for they have been ordered to sell paddy to the Burmese Army as of late December last year at prices lower than market rates, local farmers told Kachin News Group.The order by the administrative office of Dawhpumyang branch-township in Bhamo district on December 21 says every farmer was directed to sell one Tin (Burma’s standard unit of measurement of rice is 1 Tin = 10.5 kg) per acre to the local Burmese Army base in Myothit— Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) No. 387.

The total amount of paddy to the tune of 5,400 Tin (56700 kg) has to be sold to the Burmese military base at Kyat 3,000 (US$3.1) per Tin, a farmer in Dawhpumyang said.

At the prevailing prices, farmers can sell a Tin of paddy for between 3,500 Kyat (US$3.6) and 4,000 Kyat (US$4.2) in the open market and the China border markets in Kachin State, said a farmer in the branch-township.

“The fact is I don’t want to sell paddy to the military because of the low price. But, it is an order and therefore compulsory,” he said.

Some farmers living at a distance from the LIB 387 have decided to provide the cash equivalent for the paddy, according to farmers in remote areas of the branch-township.

There are two main reasons for farmers, who want no further loss — farmers have to transport the total paddy asked for to the military base at their-own cost and they dislike the military scale which is larger than the standard scale, said farmers in those areas.

Every year, come the post harvest season starting December, farmers in Kachin State are ordered to sell large amounts of paddy to local Burmese military bases at a fixed price, said sources among local farmers.

The military rulers claim that Kachin State is the fourth largest rice bowl of the country but they do not provide any subsidy to farmers, according to farmers in the State.

Every year, farmers have to sell the paddy demanded, to the military at a loss, added local farmers.


Rohingya a year later
Refugees International: Wed 20 Jan 2010

One year ago, the travails of Rohingya from Burma shocked people around the world. Boat after boat of refugees, fleeing abuse and oppression in Burma, were intercepted at sea by the Thai army, who then proceeded to detain them without trial. After days in outdoor detention, the Rohingya refugees were loaded back on to their boats, and the Thai army proceeded to tow them out to sea where they were abandoned with little food or water and no motors to power their boats. Over 500 people died in the few weeks that the Thais carried out the operation, and one year later, 500 more remain in detention in India, Indonesia and Thailand.International outcry ended the Thai military’s operations against the Rohingya. It also led to pledges by governments throughout the region to develop long-term solutions to the plight of the Rohingya. The issue was raised at summits of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and at meetings of the Bali process. Fingers were pointed at Burma for its abuse of the population at home, at Bangladesh for allowing Rohingya to transit there on their way to sea, at Thailand for their abusive policies, and even at Malaysia, whose economy is a pull factor for Rohingya seeking safety. In the end, there were no decisions made about the Rohingya, and with the summer monsoons putting an end to sailing season, the issue soon faded away, back into the obscurity that the Rohingya have endured for decades.

One year later, the sailing season is again underway. While smugglers and the Rohingya alike have been hesitant to resume the voyage, indications are that once again boats have begun sailing with passengers destined for Malaysia. And as a safeguard, the Rohingya are now attempting to fly to Kuala Lumpur via Dhaka and then making the arduous overland journey by foot. For most though, boats remain the most affordable, if dangerous, option for a better life, and they will continue to sail.

A new twist on the Rohingya migration is a push to reach Australia by boat via Indonesia. While this may be an indication that slowing economies have created fewer opportunities for new refugees seeking work, it may also be a sign that the Rohingya are hoping to move further from the Southeast Asian countries that refuse to provide any real refuge. If anything, this shows the growing reach of the problem, rather than any real solution to the Rohingya’s plight.

The anniversary of the Rohingya boat crisis highlights the lack of action by the region’s governments, but it also draws attention to the problems that arise when there is no legal framework for refugees. Policies that target people solely as economic migrants and ignore the persecution, abuse and violation of human rights they face, whether in Burma or elsewhere, will never be able to address the causes of their displacement. The countries of South and Southeast Asia need to recognize the fact that the Rohingya will continue to leave Burma, and that their policies to deal with this reality are inadequate. On the anniversary of last year’s tragedy, policymakers in the region should look with a renewed eye towards finally creating humane policies to ensure that the Rohingya do not continue to face abuse after abuse in their search for safety.


Several politicians express support for Burma election – Saw Yan Naing
Irrawaddy: Tue 19 Jan 2010

While many international observers and Burmese dissidents have condemned the military government’s plan to hold a general election this year, several veteran Burmese politicians, former political prisoners and student activists expressed support for this year’s election at an informal political meeting in Rangoon on Saturday. The individual comments came at a meeting called the “Burma Affairs Forum” which took place at the Karaweik Hotel in central Rangoon. About 50 participants discussed the pros and cons and the issues surrounding the proposed election.

The meeting was organized by a committee including student activists who were involved in the 1988 uprising and politicians who intend to contest this year’s election, such as ethnic Shan politician Shwe Ohn and the daughter of late Deputy Prime Minister Kyaw Nyein, Cho Cho Kyaw Nyein.

One of the meeting organizers, Thein Tin Aung, said, “We focused the agenda on how to approach the election. The participants discussed how to ensure a smooth transition from military rule to democracy. Another item on the agenda was: ‘How to deal with the military regime …confrontation or cooperation?’

“In my opinion, the election is vital for the process of democracy,” he added.

Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Monday, Cho Cho Kyaw Nyein said, “An election is a great chance for the politicians, for the people and for the country. For the sake of the country, we have decided to grab this opportunity.

“There is no other alternative to the election,” she said.

“It doesn’t mean we accept the 2008 Constitution. We hope it can be changed at some time in the future,” she said, adding that Shwe Ohn, who formed the Union Democratic Alliance Party to contest the election, brought up the issue of federalism at the forum.

Most major opposition and ethnic leaders did not attend the meeting, including those from detained Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD).

The NLD has said the military regime must allow for a review of the Constitution and the release of political prisoners before it will consider participating in the election.

To date, no electoral law or date have been announced for the election. However, the Japanese daily Asahi Shimbun last week claimed the election will be held on Oct. 10.

Meanwhile, Aye Lwin, a student leader in the 1988 uprising who founded his own political group in 2005 known as the Union of Burma 88 Generation Students group, said that his organization is conducting political campaigns in different townships and divisions across Burma.

“The election is a chance for change,” he said. “Therefore, we have to try––even if we all have different opinions about the process.”

He said that his organization is receiving a positive response from the public while in the field, but said that many people are still fearful of involvement in politics.

The pro-junta National Unity Party (NUP) is also campaigning across the country, sources said. The NUP won 10 parliamentary seats in the 1990 election while the NLD won 392 seats.

In December 2009, the Brussels-based Euro-Burma Office––which is tasked with helping the Burmese democracy movement prepare for a transition to democracy––said it will provide financial support to opposition parties and ethnic groups that will contest the general election if they need support, according to the organization’s Executive Director Harn Yawnghwe.

The aim of supporting those groups is to let them strive for democracy and ethnic rights within any political space that might be opened up by the Burmese regime, he said.

Many exiled dissidents and international observers have denounced the planned election as a “sham” designed to entrench the junta’s rule and have called for a boycott of the election.


Suu Kyi lawyers give final arguments in top Myanmar court
Agence France Presse: Tue 19 Jan 2010

Yangon — Myanmar’s supreme court heard final arguments on Monday against the extended house arrest of detained pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi, her lawyer said.The 64-year-old opposition leader was ordered in August to spend another 18 months in detention after being convicted over an incident in which a US man swam to her house. A lower court rejected an initial appeal in October.

Monday’s hearing at the top Yangon court, where both sides gave arguments, lasted more than three hours, according to Suu Kyi’s main lawyer Kyi Win. He said a decision was expected within a month.

“We expect them to accept our arguments and after that release Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,” he told AFP. Daw is a term of respect in Myanmar.

“The law is completely on our side,” he said, adding that they argued her conviction was unlawful because it was based on regulations in the country’s now-defunct 1974 constitution.

If the appeal is rejected, Suu Kyi and her legal team will write to the office of the chief justice at the supreme court, explained Nyan Win, another of her lawyers.

If this also fails, it is thought they would have to appeal directly to the military government to try to get the conviction overturned.

The Nobel peace laureate, who is detained at her lakeside mansion in Yangon, did not attend the court and journalists were barred, although the British ambassador and another embassy official were seen going into the hearing.

Myanmar’s military rulers have kept Suu Kyi in detention for 14 of the past 20 years, having refused to recognise her party’s landslide victory in the country’s last democratic elections in 1990.

The extension of her detention after a prison trial sparked international outrage as it effectively keeps her off the stage for elections promised by the regime some time this year.

But in recent months the United States, followed by the European Union, has shifted towards a policy of greater engagement with Myanmar — which has been under military rule since 1962 — as sanctions have failed to bear fruit.

Suu Kyi has also changed tack after years of favouring harsh international measures against Myanmar, writing twice to junta chief Than Shwe since September offering her cooperation in trying to get Western sanctions lifted.

On Friday she met the ruling junta’s liaison officer, in the latest sign of dialogue between the two sides. It was the fourth meeting between the pair since the beginning of October.

She was also granted a meeting in December with three elderly senior NLD members, at which she asked for their approval to reorganise the party leadership committee.

But the junta has not yet granted her requests to meet the rest of the committee and to hold talks with Than Shwe himself.

In November the regime allowed her to make a rare appearance in front of the media after meeting US Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell, the highest level official from Washington to visit Myanmar for 14 years.

A visit by US senator Jim Webb in August secured the release of John Yettaw, the American man who swam across a lake to Suu Kyi’s home in May and sparked the case that led to her detention being prolonged.


As poll looms, Myanmar still building parliament – Aung Hla Tun
Reuters: Tue 19 Jan 2010

Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar – Military-ruled Myanmar’s first parliamentary elections in 20 years are set for this year, yet construction on its parliament is not yet complete — suggesting little chance of a poll in the next few months.The military junta has yet to set a date for the election. Some speculate it could take place in October or earlier.

A rare glimpse of the planned parliament in Myanmar’s remote new capital Naypyitaw shows much work to be done — from unfinished roads to painting many of the parliamentary complex’s 31 buildings, with pagoda-style roofs sheathed in scaffolding.

A Reuters correspondent who viewed the construction could not determine how much work if any was finished inside the buildings.

But the huge development underscores the rapid expansion of Naypyitaw, a sprawling city built from scratch just four years ago, where the reclusive military rulers of the former Burma have isolated themselves, some 320 km (200 miles) from the largest city and former capital, Yangon.

Naypyitaw — the name translates as “Abode of Kings” — is a maze of ministry buildings, government mansions, civil servants’ quarters and unfinished presidential palaces complete with grand Roman-style pillars — all rising from dusty, arid scrubland.

Bestowed with manicured, heavily watered lawns and forbidding stone walls, it bears no resemblance to the rest of Myanmar, one of Asia’s poorest countries, or even to nearby villages, where many people live in thatched wooden huts.

Attractions include five golf courses, seven resort-style hotels, drinkable tap water, a Western-style shopping mall, a large zoo, a sprawling “water fountain garden,” lavish mansions and 24-hour electricity in a nation beset by power outages.

A sleek new cinema is in the works along with dozens of buildings in a frenzy of construction carried out mostly by workers toiling in searing heat without modern equipment.

Women haul stacks of bricks balanced upon their head at one construction site, while men clear land with wooden-handled scythes at another. Ox-drawn carts transport wood on the new military-built highway from Yangon.

The government declines to disclose Naypyitaw’s cost but analysts and diplomatic sources say it must have cost billions of dollars, drawing criticism from aid groups over the priorities of a country facing chronic poverty and crumbling infrastructure.

But its rise reflects the strengthening diplomatic and financial muscle of Myanmar’s rulers as Southeast Asia and China tap its rich natural resources, from timber and natural gas to precious Burmese gems, despite Western sanctions imposed in response to rights abuses.

MISSING PULSE

A Western diplomat in Yangon expressed amazement at the scale of Naypyitaw, questioning how the government would occupy parliament’s 31 buildings, which are in addition to ministerial offices and three presidential palaces spread around the city.

“It’s astonishing how fast it is being built,” he said.

But one critical element is missing — a pulse. There’s no lively city center thronged with people, even four years after the government moved nearly all its workers there.

Though officials put its population at about 1 million, this is ballooned by four surrounding townships. And while a ban on foreigners has lifted and tourists are welcome, Naypyitaw itself feels like a high-end ghost town.

Its roads are puzzlingly wide, including one 20-lane boulevard, but they are largely empty. Civilian cars are rare. Its city center, a roundabout where five roads meet, is populated only by palm trees and potted flowers.

Restaurants are busy at night, but the city’s amenities — from parks to a double-tiered, fully lit golf driving range — are eerily empty. It’s possible to drive hours on the new highway from Yangon and see just a half a dozen cars.

One person they’re surely happy to leave in Yangon is opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel laureate whose house arrest was extended in August.

Some experts say she may be released ahead of elections, but even then she is not expected to be allowed to play a significant role in politics after leading her National League for Democracy to a landslide victory in the last election in 1990, a poll the junta never recognized.

(Editing by Bill Tarrant)


Vietnam boosts investment in Myanmar
Vietnam News Agency: Tue 19 Jan 2010

Hanoi –A delegation of representatives of Vietnamese ministries and businesses visited Myanmar [Burma] from January 14-16 to survey investment opportunities in this country.
The delegation, led by Deputy Foreign Minister Doan Xuan Hung, paid a courtesy visit to Prime Minister Thein Sein and held a working session with the Myanmar Ministry of Economic Development and State Planning at Myanmar ’s administrative capital of Nay Pyi Taw.

At the meetings, the Myanmar side spoke highly of the Vietnamese delegation’s visit, affirming that Myanmar values the traditional relationship between the two countries.

The Myanmar officials said they were pleased with the continuously developing friendship and cooperation between Vietnam and Myanmar , both bilaterally and multilaterally.

They also affirmed that they would create favourable conditions for Vietnamese businesses to invest in areas that benefit both sides and meet Myanmar ’s demand for development.

On January 15 and 16, the Vietnamese delegation joined Myanmar’s Ministry of Economic Development and State Planning and Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry to hold two seminars in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon which aimed to seek solutions to boost Vietnam’s investment in Myanmar as well as bilateral trade cooperation.

According to the Myanmar statistics, by the end of September 2009, Vietnam had invested 23.4 million USD in Myanmar. Investment activities between the two countries started in late 1988.

Vietnam is Myanmar ’s 16th largest export market. The country imports agro-forest, seafood products and electronic components from Myanmar while exporting steel, electronic items, pharmaceuticals, industrial goods, chemicals, computers and computer’s spare parts.

The two countries are looking towards launching a direct air route to promote bilateral economic and trade cooperation.


Dark signs of things to come – Kyaw Zwa Moe
Irrawaddy: Tue 19 Jan 2010

Burma’s year is off to a grim start, thanks to the country’s ruling junta.In a year that is supposed to mark a major political transition, the regime has moved quickly to snuff out any glimmer of hope for real change. We now know what to expect in 2010: harsh punishment for those who cross the generals, and rich rewards for those who work with them to keep the country under their control. In other words—more of the same.

On Jan. 6, a court in Insein Prison sentenced ex-major Win Naing Kyaw, a former aide to Lt-Gen Tin Oo, the junta’s late Secretary Two, and Thura Kyaw, of the foreign affairs department, to death under Section 3 of the State Emergency Act. At the same time, it sentenced a clerk from the foreign affairs department to 15 years imprisonment for violation of the Electronics Act, which prohibits sending information, photos and videos damaging to the government via the Internet.

Their crime was leaking military secrets to the exiled media. Specifically, they were found guilty of sending information and photos about a secret trip to North Korea by Gen Shwe Mann, the third most powerful general in the regime. The trip, which took place in late 2008, involved arms procurement and an agreement with Pyongyang for technical assistance in the construction of secret tunnels in remote regions of Burma.

Earlier, it was learned that 25-year-old video journalist Hla Hla Win and her assistant were thrown behind bars for 26 years for attempting to smuggle video footage of the country’s situation to the Norway-based Democratic Voice of Burma.

Meanwhile, there have also been reports of continuing cronyism in Burma. The state-run newspaper Myanmar Ahlin reported that the government had awarded a major contract for construction of two hydro-power plants to the Htoo Trading Company, owned by Tay Za, a close associate of junta leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe and his family.

These are inauspicious signs, indeed. With an election expected to take place later this year, we are all still very much in the dark about the country’s political situation. The junta has set no date for the election, nor has it promulgated any law allowing political parties to form. No one has any idea when the campaign will begin or who will be permitted to run.

“The current political situation is like the blind groping in the darkness,” said Khin Maung Swe, a spokesperson for the National League for Democracy (NLD), speaking by phone from the party’s headquarters in Rangoon’s Shwegondaing Township.

His words hold true not just for dissidents and political groups, but also for the majority of people in Burma. Only the generals themselves have any idea what the junta’s plans are.

All we can say for certain is that the regime sees the 2010 election more than just part of an exit strategy. It also intends to use it to lay the foundation for the military’s long-term domination of Burma’s political system. After the election, the 2008 Constitution will come into force, ensuring the military a 25 percent share of the seats in parliament.

On Jan. 4, in his speech to mark the country’s Independence Day, Than Shwe stated: “Plans are underway to hold elections in a systematic way this year.”

“The entire population has to make the correct choice,” he added, offering no guarantee that the election would be free, fair and open, as the international community has demanded.

As for the NLD, it remains firmly committed to its Shwegondaing declaration, which calls for a review of the Constitution, political dialogue between the junta and opposition groups, and the release of more than 2,000 political prisoners, including party leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who has been detained for more than 14 of the past 20 years.

The current dark cloud in politics has left several main ethnic groups wondering whether they should even consider forming political parties to participate in the upcoming election.

“We will not found a political party, much less take part in the election, if the government doesn’t review the 2008 Constitution,” said 76-year-old veteran journalist and politician Thar Ban, the acting chairman of the Arakan League for Democracy, which won 11 seats in western Arakan State in the 1990 election and was later abolished.

“We were cheated once. We don’t want to be cheated again,” said Thar Ban, who was put in jail twice, for a total of 12 years.

Leaders from a coalition of 12 ethnic parties based inside Burma have stood together with Thar Ban. The ethnic coalition, known as the United Nationalities Alliance, won 67 seats in the 1990 election. What they complain about mainly is the lack of equality and autonomy for ethnic people in the 2008 Constitution.

Although most political groups in Burma agree that the regime’s political process is too flawed to participate in, there is a small minority who take a different view.

Even in the absence of electoral laws and an election date, a small group of dissidents has decided that the election is the only game in town. A few months ago, veteran politician Thu Wai formed the Democratic Party. However, the party has not yet been registered.

“Anyone expecting to contest the election is not allowed to do anything yet,” he said. His party is supported by the daughter of former Prime Minister U Nu.

Thu Wai, who was also put in jail in the mid-1990s for his political activities, sees demanding dialogue with the junta as just a waste of time.

“If discussions are possible, it is good. But if they are not possible, why should we be wasting time?” Thu Wai told The Irrawaddy in a recent interview. “Only in a legal parliament can we secure the right to criticize what we don’t like and to engage in politics.”

The crucial problem is that the game is never fair, not even to a minimal degree. Players—even those who view the election positively—are never allowed to participate in the whole process. Undemocratic and irregular rules drive them out of the game.

This is supposed to be a year in which great things will happen. Yet we haven’t seen any movement in a positive direction. Like it or not, however, this is the country’s political process.

Even developments from last year, such as the meetings between US officials and the junta and meetings between Suu Kyi and Than Shwe’s liaison officer and Western diplomats, are losing momentum.

The news over the past couple of weeks is an indication of what kind of result we can expect from the election.

The ethnic leader Thar Ban concluded his interview with The Irrawaddy by saying: “We are in the middle of a storm far from shore. The election will be just like lightning: It won’t provide enough light to help us find our way.”


Myanmar democracy leader Suu Kyi meets official
Associated Press: Fri 15 Jan 2010

Yangon, Myanmar — Detained Myanmar pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi on Friday held her first meeting this year with the Cabinet official responsible for contact with her, as her party makes preparations for possible participation in elections.
Officials said Suu Kyi was taken from her home to meet for about 20 minutes with Relations Minister Aung Kyi. The officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to release information, did not know the contents of their talk.

Myanmar’s military government has set elections, the first since 1990, for an unspecified date this year. Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy party, which has not yet declared whether it will take part, this week expanded its central executive committee by nine members to 20.

Last year, party colleagues agreed to Suu Kyi’s suggestion that the committee be reorganized. Most of its members are elderly.

Suu Kyi’s last meeting with Aung Kyi was on Dec. 9, when he informed her that her request to be allowed to meet with the party elders was granted. She met them on Dec. 16.

Suu Kyi has also requested a meeting with junta chief Senior Gen. Than Shwe to explain how she would cooperate in tasks “beneficial to the country,” but is not yet known to have received any response.

The constitution adopted in 2008 that set up this year’s polls was considered undemocratic by her party. It has clauses that would ensure that the military remains the controlling power in government, and would bar Suu Kyi from holding office.

Politics in Myanmar have been deadlocked since Suu Kyi’s party overwhelmingly won the 1990 elections. The military refused to allow it to take power and clamped down on the pro-democracy movement, causing the United States and another Western nations to impose economic and political sanctions in an attempt to isolate the junta.

However, the Obama administration has said the sanctions failed to foster reforms and is seeking to engage the junta through high-level talks.


Ageing Myanmar opposition gets “middle-aged” boost
Reuters: Fri 15 Jan 2010

Yangon – Myanmar’s main opposition party has injected some youth into its aging leadership, although the new recruits are all in their 60s and the ailing 92-year-old chairman keeps the top job.
The National League for Democracy (NLD) of detained Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi said nine “middle-aged” party officials were joining its executive committee, whose 11 existing members have an average age of nearly 82.

“We have added nine middle-aged party officials to fulfill the desire of the party’s youth members and help reinforce the committee,” senior NLD member Khin Maung Swe told Reuters.

Much of the NLD’s leadership is frail and in poor health. Chairman Aung Shwe has been housebound for over a year due to illness.

Some of the older members are against the NLD running in this year’s elections, the first in two decades, because they believe the constitution gives too much power to the military, which has ruled for almost five decades.

A former top NLD official said it was unlikely the new members, all former political prisoners, would have any impact on party policy in the short term.

“The only change we can expect is a steep drop in the average age,” he said. “They have injected new blood into the leadership but the brains of the party will remain as old as before.”

(Reporting by Aung Hla Tun; Writing by Martin Petty; Editing by Alan Raybould)


Woman included in NLD expansion – Htet Aung Kyaw and Francis Wade
Democratic Voice of Burma: Fri 15 Jan 2010

Another woman will join the Burmese opposition party’s central committee after a major and unprecedented expansion was yesterday put into motion.
Nine people in total have been added to the existing 11-member central executive committee (CEC) of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party. One of these, Dr May Win Myint, is now the only female in the committee other than the detained leader, Aung San Suu Kyi.

The news was met with muted enthusiasm by the secretary general of the Thailand-based Burma Women’s Union (BWU), Tin Tin Nyo, which has in the past called for a greater gender balance within the party.

“Only after 20 years has one more woman been included in the CEC,” she said. “It’s a positive step, but it’s taken so many years to get [here].”

“I would suggest however that the NLD consider more women at this decision-making level. There are 20 people, and only two of these are women. The other woman, Aung San Suu Kyi, is under house arrest, so it’s really only one woman [who is active].”

Another prominent addition to the CEC is party spokesperson and lawyer for Suu Kyi, Nyan Win, who acted as the international media’s first port of call during the Suu Kyi trial last year.

Another NLD spokesperson, Khin Maung Swe, said that the majority of the CEC, those who were neither detained or in poor health, will hold a plenary meeting next Monday to assign duties to the new members.

He added that the expansion was being undertaken to prepare for “the upcoming political situation in the country”, but declined to say whether this was a reference to the looming elections, which the NLD is yet to announce whether it will participate in.

Some lower-ranking NLD members complained last week however that the decision-making process to select the new members had been done without full cooperation from the various party wings.

Khin Maung Swe reacted by saying that the party had needed to act swiftly on the requests of regional members. The expansion was first framed as a call for fresh blood in the party following a rare meeting between Suu Kyi and two ageing CEC members, chairperson Aung Shwe and secretary U Lwin.

“Due to our respect to [regional members], we carried out the expansion quickly. If we have to collect opinions from the ground level, we wouldn’t be able to do it this quickly,” he said. “One day, when we can convene everyone, we will do this as a fully democratic procedure.”


Burma electoral laws ‘70 percent complete’ – Francis Wade
Democratic Voice of Burma: Fri 15 Jan 2010

The majority of Burma’s electoral laws have been completed and will be rounded off in a matter of months, the Thai foreign minister reported after a meeting with his Burmese counterpart.
Speculation has been rife over the possible date of Burma’s first elections since 1990, with eyes now fixed to the latter part of 2010, most likely October. The ruling junta has confirmed only that they will be held this year.

A number of potential runners in the elections have said however that the lack of confirmation from the ruling junta of both the date and the laws governing polling has hindered their ability to prepare, and may force their withdrawal.

Thai foreign minister Kasit Piromya told Reuters yesterday after a meeting with Nyan Win that “60 to 70 percent” of the electoral and political party laws had been completed.

“You take another two or three months to make it 100 percent, so it will take you by that time from the mathematical, or the guessing point of view, to the middle of this year,” he said. “So, I think the elections would be most probably in the second half.”

According to information leaked from a meeting between the head of a prominent Japanese charity and the chief of the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), a proxy of the Burmese junta, the elections will be held in October, most likely on the 10th.

The 10/10/2010 date would be in keeping with the junta’s fixation on numerology, which has dictated many of the key decisions of the military since it took power, including currency devaluations and the 1990 election date.

Nyan Win also sought to assure Piromya that elections would be “free and fair”, following criticism from the international community that constitution, supposedly ratified by 92 percent of the country in the weeks following cyclone Nargis in May 2008, would entrench military rule.

Indonesia’s foreign minister echoed international concerns but said that delays to announcing the election date may remedy this.

“For us the main criterion, or the main preoccupation, would be that we have that necessary positive, democratic atmosphere for a credible election to take place,” he said, after meeting Nyan Win at an Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) meeting in Vietnam.

“It’s best to allow things for such conditions to be established rather than to rush into it and then we have a situation where the ideal condition is not there.”


Ethnic leaders reject election – Ba Kaung
Irrawaddy: Thu 14 Jan 2010

Several ethnic leaders elected in Burma’s 1990 election reaffirmed this week that they will not participate in the planned election this year without a review of the 2008 Constitutional and the release of all political prisoners—two major demands they have been pressing for since early last year.“We will not found any political party if the 2008 Constitution cannot guarantee us equality and autonomy,” said 76-year-old Thar Ban, the acting chairman of the Arakan League for Democracy.

Pu Cin Sian Thang, a spokesman for the United Nationalities Alliance (UNA), a coalition of 12 ethnic parties which contested and won 67 seats in the 1990 election, said that the alliance’s attitude toward the planned election is not much different from the National League for Democracy’s (NLD) Shwegondaing Declaration.

The Shwegondaing Declaration, released by the NLD in April last year, calls for a review of the controversial Constitution, political dialogue and the unconditional release of all political prisoners, including its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi.

“The reason for this stand is that we contributed to the Shwegondaing Declaration even though it was not publicly known,” said Pu Cin Sian Thang, who is also the chairman of the Zomi National Congress, an ethnic Chin political party.

Many of the 12 parties comprising the UNA were abolished after the 1990 election by the military regime, which cited various reasons—one of them for not having enough membership on their central executive committees.

In February last year, the UNA issued a statement condemning the Constitution as a means to make Burma’s ethnic nationalities subordinates to the Burman majority, and because it hands “supreme power” to the military’s commander in chief.

“Our participation in the election without changing the undemocratic elements of the Constitution would validate this whole Constitution as soon as the first session of parliament is held,” said Pu Cin Sian Thang in a telephone interview with The Irrawaddy.

He said the Zomi National Congress will base its decision on how the NLD responds at that time. However, soon after the regime announces the electoral law, many political groups including the NLD and the UNA will have to announce their final decision on whether to participate or not.

“We will not follow exactly what the NLD does,” he added. “But we have to look at its responses since it represents the majority of the people.

“However,” he added, “if the Constitution remains unchanged, we will in no way join in the election.”

Another ethnic leader, Naing Ngwe Thein, who is the chairman of the Mon National Democratic Front, said his political party’s position on the election is the same as the UNA’s.

But while a stalemate remains between the regime and several ethnic cease-fire groups, such as the United Wa State Army and the Kachin Independence Army, over the Border Guard Force proposal, other ethnic leaders like Dr. Tuja, the former vice-president of the Kachin Independence Organization, have stated their willingness to participate in the election.

“We have no objection if anyone wants to join in the election,” said Naing Ngwe Thein. “But history will judge who is on the right side and who is on the wrong side.”


Junta recruits forcibly to form people’s militia to harass KIA
Kachin News Group: Thu 14 Jan 2010

The Burmese military junta is forcibly recruiting people from East Burma to form a people’s militia in Northeast Shan State, the area where the 4th brigade of the Kachin Independence Army is located, said a local source.A resident of border town Mongkoe, where the army has set up a training camp, told Kachin News Group that the Burmese military was forcibly assembling local people for recruitment for a people’s militia since January 11.

“At least 60 people from Mongkoe have already been recruited,” said the source.

“They (local Burmese military authorities) forced the civilians to attend the training programme. This problem is being faced by Mongkoe and its surrounding areas,” he added.

However, no one is certain of the motive of the regime in trying to form the militia. Local people think it might be to take on the Kachin Independence Organization/Army (KIO/A) and pressurize the ethnic armed group.

“They want to pressurize the KIO and the KIA’s 4th brigade. Should there be clashes between KIA and the Burmese Army, the militia will be sent to the front lines because they know the terrain well,” said a resident.

Eyewitnesses said they have seen fresh batches of Burmese soldiers travelling in 32 army trucks to Loikang village on January 8, where KIA’s 4th brigade is based.

The junta had ordered KIA’s 4th brigade to shift to Kachin State to KIO’s headquarters in Laiza but the rebels have refused because the place is historically linked to KIO, which was formed there in October 25, 1960. The armed wing, KIA was set up in February 5, 1961.

Lt-Gen Min Aung Hlaing, the junta’s Chief of Bureau of Special Operations-2 (BS0) directed KIA in September last year to move.

“They are trying to pressurize KIO by sending additional forces into the area, and they will use the militia to put heat on the 4th brigade,” said the source.

The 4th brigade of KIA has four battalions— No. 2, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 17 in Northeast Shan State.


Myanmar polls likely in 2nd half of yr – Thai FM – John Ruwitch
Reuters: Thu 14 Jan 2010

Danang, Vietnam (Reuters) – Myanmar will likely hold its long-awaited election in the second half of this year because the ruling junta is still crafting the legal framework for the vote, Thailand’s foreign minister said on Thursday.Kasit Piromya made the comments after a meeting with Myanmar counterpart Nyan Win during which he was told that 60-70 percent of the election and political party laws were completed.

“You take another two or three months to make it 100 percent, so it will take you by that time from the mathematical, or the guessing point of view, to the middle of this year,” Kasit told Reuters in an interview.

“So, I think the elections would be most probably in the second half.”

Myanmar’s reclusive junta has been silent on the timing of the election, and Nyan Win’s comment to Kasit would be a rare indication of the level of progress towards holding the vote.

Nyan Win declined to answer reporters’ questions on multiple occasions during a meeting of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) foreign ministers in central Vietnam.

Nyan Win briefed the other foreign ministers on the preparations at a dinner on Wednesday night, but he gave no indication of the timing.

“It was assured that it will be this year and it will be free, fair and credible, and the ASEAN ministers have expressed their hope the issue of Myanmar will be resolved this year and that we can move on to the new era of ASEAN relations and cooperation with the international community,” Surin Pitsuwan, ASEAN secretary general, told reporters.

“No date has been set but everything is moving on course. That’s what we were told.”

NO RUSH

Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa, who also met Nyan Win on the sidelines of the Vietnam meeting, said there was no rush, as long as the vote takes place this year, and is carried out fairly and democratically, as the junta has promised.

“For us the main criterion, or the main preoccupation, would be that we have that necessary positive, democratic atmosphere for a credible election to take place,” he told reporters.

“It’s best to allow things for such conditions to be established rather than to rush into it and then we have a situation where the ideal condition is not there.”

Little is known about the junta’s legal preparations.

Critics of the army-drafted constitution say Myanmar’s legislature will be dominated by the military and their civilian stooges, with limited powers and representation for dozens of ethnic groups or established opposition parties.

Myanmar’s last election, in 1990, ended with a landslide win for Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy party, but the junta ignored the result and has since jailed more than 2,000 activists and political opponents, many for minor offences.

Suu Kyi herself has been under house arrest or other sort of detention for 14 of the last 20 years.

The election in the former British colony has already been widely dismissed as a means to entrench nearly five decades of unbroken military rule, with the junta hoping a public vote would legitimise its monopoly of national politics.

The notoriously secretive regime has yet to say who can take part in the polls. Several major ethnic groups are resisting calls to join the political process, saying they have nothing to gain.

Many analysts believe the delay in naming an election date is to give the government more time to bring the ethnic groups on board, either voluntarily or through military force.

(Editing by Martin Petty and Sugita Katyal)


Burma freedom is ‘worst of the worst’ – Joseph Allchin
Democratic Voice of Burma: Wed 13 Jan 2010

A Washington-based NGO has labeled Burma one of the worst countries in the world for ‘freedom’ in an annual report, released yesterday.Burma ranks alongside nine other countries in the “worst of the worst” category in Freedom House’s ‘Freedom in the World 2010’ report, which includes Libya, Tibet, China, Eritrea, North Korea and Equatorial Guinea.

The organization, funded largely by the US government and the conservative Bradley Foundation, has been producing the report for nearly forty years, which “examines the ability of individuals to exercise their political and civil rights in 194 countries and 14 territories around the world.”

Determinants of ‘freedom’ include whether “people’s political choices are free from domination by the military, foreign powers, totalitarian parties, religious hierarchies, economic oligarchies, or any other powerful group”.

It also includes a base alignment system, with countries ranked either ‘free’, ‘partially free’ or ‘not free’. This is based on a score system for civil liberties and political freedom, with seven being the lowest and one the highest. Burma predictably scores seven on both counts.

This will make worrying reading for the international observers who will be closely monitoring the planned elections this year. Critics of the ruling junta have already labeled them a sham that will enable the military to retain power.

“This report reflects the actual situation in Burma,” said Soe Aung, foreign affairs spokesperson of the Thailand-based Forum for Democracy in Burma (FDB).

“Moreover, some international and local groups tend to overlook the real situation in predicting that the elections in Burma will bring an opening for a change. The lives of the people [in Burma] should not be gambled at all.”

In terms of population, China’s inclusion in the ‘not free’ category made it the largest of the three groupings.

Freedom House emphasizes in its methodology that it “does not maintain a culture-bound view of freedom”, whilst noting that “American leadership in international affairs is essential to the cause of human rights and freedom”.

Overall the report finds that there has been a “freedom recession” and an “authoritarian resurgence” in the last year.


‘Third force’ party to reconsider Burma elections – Ahunt Phone Myat
Democratic Voice of Burma: Tue 12 Jan 2010

A Burmese political party will reconsider its decision to enter this year’s elections if the announcement date of the electoral laws does not leave sufficient time to campaign, the party chairman said.The Democratic Party, part of the ‘third force’ in Burmese politics in which parties are not aligned either to the incumbent government or opposition groups, includes Than Than Nu, the daughter of Burma’s first civilian prime minister, U Nu.

The party’s chairperson, Thu Wei, said yesterday that groups eyeing the elections were not being given sufficient time to prepare, with the laws surrounding participation yet to be made public.

“Also we expect that the election laws will impose a lot of restrictions and limitations which will leave more groups and people unable to participate,” he said, adding that he thought there would be fewer parties contesting the polls than in 1990, Burma’s last elections.

The Democratic Party had previously written a letter to junta leader Than Shwe urging the announcement of election laws, which includes the formation of political parties.

The Burmese government is yet to announce the date of elections, although information leaked by a Japanese newspaper last week reported that the military generals were planning to hold them in October.

It also said that electoral laws would be announced in April, around the time of Burmese New Year. This would allow parties only six months to campaign.

A number of ‘third force’ politicians have announced that different restrictions on freedom to campaign were being granted to different groups, depending on their alignment to the ruling junta.

Others have given mixed reports about their ability to prepare for what critics of the junta believe to be sham elections aimed at cementing military rule in Burma.

“On political grounds, we can say we are ready as our ideology and political view is now spreading among the public,” said Aye Lwin, from the Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics.

Nay Myo Wei, from the Union Democracy Alliance, said that his party was “in the front row…We are in a strong position with our belief and work procedures.”

Burma’s main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), is yet to announce whether it will participate. It won a landslide victory in the 1990 elections, but the junta refused to recognize the results, and instead placed NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.


Gullible Gambari – Seyward Darby
The New Republic (US): Tue 12 Jan 2010

On May 20, 2006, Ibrahim Gambari, the gregarious UN under-secretary general for political affairs, met with leaders of Burma’s military junta and their most famous political prisoner, Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi [1]. It was Gambari’s first trip to Burma, and the first time in two years that the country’s secretive rulers had granted a UN official such high-level access. Gambari’s optimism was palpable: “They want to open up another chapter of relationship with the international community,” the seasoned Nigerian diplomat said in a press conference [2] on May 24. But three days later, only a week after meeting with Gambari, the junta extended Suu Kyi’s house arrest by a year. Suddenly, Gambari’s optimism was his humiliation. “People thought he had fallen for their line,” says Mark Farmaner, director of Campaign for Burma UK. “He was completely suckered.”It was just the first in a series of diplomatic blunders that would sully Gambari’s tenure as the UN’s envoy in Burma. Widely viewed as a pawn in the junta’s game of repeatedly fooling the international community about its willingness to change, he earned the nickname “Gullible Gambari.” “He had all these meetings and nothing to show for it,” says David Mathieson, a Burma researcher for Human Rights Watch.

When the UN announced in December that it was reassigning Gambari to be its top envoy in Sudan, effective January 1, many Burma watchers breathed a sigh of relief. “Gambari–who liked to tell critics who faulted him for a lack of results that his mission was ‘a process, not an event’–often seemed a hapless bystander whenever anything actually happened in Burma,” The Irrawaddy [3], a Thailand-based newspaper established by Burmese citizens in exile, said in a scathing editorial. But some Darfur activists are now worried that Gambari might repeat his mistakes in Sudan. “My main concern is that his focus would be on accommodation of the regime, and that would leave the perpetuation of an unacceptable and unstable status quo,” says Jerry Fowler, president of the Save Darfur Coalition.

Gambari can’t be blamed for the fact that conflict within the Security Council has prevented the UN from adopting a strong Burma policy. But, instead of advocating for a tougher stance, he was all too willing to play the role of genial UN hack pushing a soft line with a notoriously duplicitous regime. “You need a much harder edge to a UN envoy’s position,” Mathieson says. “You don’t need someone who is charming and well-connected. … The [regime] respects strength and dedication, and he didn’t embody either of those two qualities.”

Gambari was already a UN veteran when he was assigned to Burma. His résumé included a stint as Nigeria’s ambassador to the UN, missions in South Africa and Angola, and an appointment as the secretary general’s Special Adviser on Africa. He took over the Burma mission with his now-infamous inaugural trip as under-secretary general in 2006 and was officially appointed envoy the following May. That same year, he also became the Special Adviser on the International Compact with Iraq and Other Political Issues.
His jumbled title concerned some people from the start. “You’re doomed from the get-go,” Mathieson says. “Burma is a tacked-on issue. The [regime] would just look at him and say, ‘Who cares about you?’” But Gambari worried Burma watchers for other reasons, too: Most of his work had been in Africa, and he knew little about Burma. “When he was first appointed, there was a feeling among the [activist] crowd that he didn’t know anything about it,” says one UN insider close to the Burma mission. “There was certainly a feeling that the Burmese are very racist and that they wouldn’t respond well to an African.” (His predecessor, Malaysian Razali Ismail [4], had quit in January 2006.)

Others hoped his background would prove an asset. “Gambari’s African warmth was somewhat disarming for [the junta],” the UN insider says. “He’s very physical. He claps you on the shoulder, he takes your hand. I’m not saying he gave [regime leader] Than Shwe a hug, but he’s not reserved in the way Asian top diplomats are.” What’s more, Gambari had witnessed Nigeria’s transition from a military regime to a democracy in the 1990s from a top diplomatic perch. “He was able to say things to the [Burmese] government that others weren’t,” the UN insider explains. “They don’t talk to that many people who say, ‘I feel your pain; I’ve been there.’”
But his role in Nigeria angered, and continues to anger, many human rights activists. He served as the country’s UN ambassador under the repressive regime of President Sani Abacha. During Gambari’s tenure, the government executed democracy advocate Ken Siro Wiwa. Gambari publicly referred to Siro Wiwa as a “common criminal” [5] and didn’t condemn his execution. He later explained [6] that he was afraid the international community would place sanctions on Nigeria. “On the one hand, he understands the way that brutal regimes work. On the other hand, he doesn’t have a very good track record,” says Fowler of Save Darfur. “The very fact of being the representative of the regime at the time … shows that he’s driven more by expedience than anything else.”

Gambari visited Burma seven more times after his initial embarrassment. Each trip followed the same benign pattern. “[The regime] organized his schedule, decided who he saw, planned his dinners,” says Farmaner of Campaign for Burma UK. (Gambari admitted in a 2007 interview that the junta kept him “holed up.”) His agenda focused narrowly on the relationship between the junta and Suu Kyi’s political party, the National League for Democracy (NLD). He would ask the regime’s leaders to release Suu Kyi–who was never allowed to become prime minister after her party won the 1990 general election in a landslide–and other political prisoners; to engage in talks with the NLD; and to expedite democratic reforms. Sometimes Than Shwe would meet with Gambari; on other trips, only lower-level regime members would speak with him. And he was usually granted brief audiences with Suu Kyi.

He didn’t meet with ethnic opposition groups such as the Karen [7], an oppressed minority rebelling in the eastern part of the country, despite the fact that such groups have considerable influence on Burma’s political situation. Because many of these groups have leaderships in exile, Gambari could have planned meetings quietly without the junta’s oversight–but he didn’t. “In terms of the details of the Myanmar political situation, he wasn’t vastly interested,” the UN insider explains. “He didn’t have a great command of detail.” (Members of his office did maintain backchannels with various opposition groups.)

After each trip, Gambari would say that his mission, while slow-moving, was progressing–even as the regime kept up its business as usual. “There wasn’t a level of realism and honesty,” says Jennifer Quigley of the U.S. Campaign for Burma. In 2007, when the NLD was barred from participating in the writing of a new constitution, Gambari still praised the process. “The international community would have preferred a more inclusive process, but nonetheless it’s an important event,” he told Agence France-Presse. “We hope that that will lead to even more progress.” (The constitution [8], finalized in May 2008, legitimized the military’s rule and barred Suu Kyi from holding office.) After his trip that September, which he took in response to the junta’s brutal crackdown on protests led by students and Buddhist monks, Gambari told reporters that he was optimistic about Burma’s future. “The fact is that I’ve been allowed in three times now,” he told NPR that October. “So that gives me some encouragement that perhaps, perhaps, you know, there might be an opening there.” And, when Cyclone Nargis [9] slammed Burma in May 2008 and the regime blocked international aid, Gambari was nowhere to be seen.

Frustration with Gambari peaked when, in August 2008, Suu Kyi refused to meet with him. Burma watchers say she was fed up with his failure to kick-start talks between the regime and the NLD. Sensing an opportunity, the junta reportedly encouraged Gambari to send UN staffers to Suu Kyi’s house where, shouting on a megaphone, they implored her to meet with the envoy. Photos [10] of the embarrassing scene ran in The New Light of Myanmar, the regime’s media mouthpiece, with the headline, “[Gambari] unable to meet with Daw Aung Suu Kyi however much he tries due to her rejection.”

Gambari would visit Burma only two more times. After a February 2009 trip, the regime released about two dozen political prisoners, and Gambari declared that his “message [was] getting through.” (The Karen National Union issued a statement at the time that criticized the envoy for “once again … visit[ing] Burma without also meeting with genuine representatives of Burma’s ethnic nationalities.”) In May, however, the regime pulled another about-face, putting Suu Kyi on trial for allegedly violating the terms of her house arrest. When she was convicted in August, Gambari told Voice of America that he was “extremely disappointed”–but, as always, he was optimistic about the little things. “The conditions of her detention, house arrest, have been eased somewhat,” he said.

When news broke that Gambari was being sent to Sudan, Burma activists declared him a failure.

“He has no sort of success that he can show,” says Quigley of the U.S. Campaign for Burma. “Things have gone from bad to worse during his tenure.” (Although some human rights groups were pushing for his removal, Gambari’s transfer may have had more to do with African politics; some observers speculate that Nigeria, which reportedly feels [11] its large troop presence in Sudan is underappreciated, was lobbying to have one of its own appointed envoy.) According to the Campaign for Burma UK [12], in the first two years of Gambari’s mission, the number of political prisoners in Burma almost doubled and more than 130,000 people were forced from their homes in an “ethnic cleansing campaign.” And he was never able to start talks between the regime and the NLD.

To be sure, the UN didn’t offer Gambari–or any previous envoy–the tools needed to implement a tougher Burma policy. Because of opposition from Russia and China, the Security Council has never taken formal action against the country, and the secretary general reportedly backs a soft approach in dealing with the junta. But many Burma watchers agree that, even without UN teeth behind him, Gambari should have been a stronger public critic of the regime, instead of a naïve optimist. He should have vigorously underscored the junta’s refusal to reform, as well as its human rights abuses, in his public statements and reports. He should have met with opposition groups other than the NLD. And he could even have told junta leaders that he wouldn’t visit if they remained uncooperative. “He didn’t do that because of the seduction of access,” Mathieson says. Adds the UN insider, “There’s a school of mediation that says you have to keep your foot in the door. He comes from that school. He’s not terribly confrontational.” (The UN did not respond to requests for an interview with Gambari.)

Some activists say the next Burma envoy should be a well-known dignitary with an independent power base and no need to add a new line to a UN résumé (a former head of state or top general, for instance). Others say the envoy position should be eliminated; Campaign for Burma UK has called on “UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to take the lead.” But activists agree that whoever takes charge of the mission should be the strong advocate for change that Gambari never was. “I want to get an effective UN representative who is non-biased and well-prepared on Burmese issues,” Khim Maung Swe, an executive committee member of the NLD, told The Irrawaddy. [13] “Moreover, he must dare to speak openly and bravely.”

Gambari’s diplomatic career isn’t finished, and human rights activists are waiting to see if he’ll take a tough approach in Sudan, as the country prepares [14] for national elections and a referendum on southern secession. “Everyone is hoping that he’ll surprise and be effective,” says Fowler of Save Darfur. After his work in Burma, don’t count on it.

* Seyward Darby is the assistant managing editor of The New Republic.


Irrawaddy: The political reformer: U Thu Wai
Tue 12 Jan 2010

U Thu Wai, the chairman of the Rangoon-based Democratic Party, newly formed to participate in this year’s election, talks about the military government, the election and his party’s activities. The party was jointly formed in September 2009 with Daw Than Than Nu, Daw Cho Cho Kyaw Nyein and Daw Nay Yee Ba Swe, the daughters U Nu, U Kyaw Nyein and U Ba Swe, Burma’s late prime ministers during the parliamentary era. U Thu Wai led the Democracy Party and stood for election in the 1990 general election.
U Thu Wai at a press briefing on Sept. 14, 2009, announcing the formation of the Democratic Party. (Photo: AP)

Question: Snr-Gen Than Shwe said “plans are underway to hold elections in a systematic way,” and he urged the population to make the “correct choices” in his Independence Day message.

Answer: It will be good if he does what he says. But for candidates who want to participate in the election, so far we can’t do anything. There are no election laws and the political parties registration law hasn’t been announced so we can’t legally organize. These laws should be enacted immediately to ensure we have sufficient time to organize our activities.

Q. Some analysts speculate the election could be postponed. What’s your assessment?

A. First, we have waited for the election law since July or August of last year. The latest rumor said the law will be announced in March, on Resistance Day (Armed Forces day), and the election will be held in November. I think under the circumstances, it can’t be postponed. I don’t know what the difficulties or considerations are on their side. When we see the election law, we can believe the election will be held.

Q. What has your future party been doing?

A. What I can say is that we just formed a political party. Even though we are not allowed to organize, we formed our party. And we have been forming executive committees and branches of women and youth in different towns and divisions. We work among ourselves as much as we can, but discreetly. We can’t organize big meetings or mass rallies. We extend our networks through our personal friends and contacts.

Q. What is your relationship with the authorities?

A. I think we are under their nose. And I think some agents follow us and report back to higher officers. Sometimes, they come and question us. What are we doing now? We are acting carefully and legally because they are watching our activities.

Q. What have you been doing since you announced that you will form a political party?

A. We don’t want to over play our hand. I think we are allowed some low-key activities, because we have said publicly that we will take part in the election. We go on outreach trips to different townships, but not on a large scale. We try to bring four or five people to a meeting. We have been doing things like this for two or three months. People are concerned about their safety and security. They are struggling to make ends meet. But there is interest.

For instance, in the recent NLD gatherings, almost twice the number of people took part than in previous events. It seems that more people are interested in politics.

On our outreach trips, we can explain our reasons for taking certain positions. But many people still want to wait until the election law is passed, because they are afraid of harassment. They want to do something relating to politics, but they don’t want to take unnecessary risks without any apparent reason. There are many people who agree with us, and they are willing to cooperate with us, but they ask us to wait until the election law is announced.

With the authorities, we have no formal relations, just some agents coming and inquiring for information. Once, me and Amyotharye U Win Naing were summoned by authorities, and they warned us that we must have prior permission for a gathering of more than five people. During that time, I was asked to sign an agreement.

Q. What was behind you decision to form a party and participate in the election?

A. First, our country’s situation is deteriorating, and we want to help fix the problems we have. Just talking from outside isn’t very effective, and demonstrations aren’t very effective. We think we can compete in the election and some of our people will be elected. We can work on reform from within the parliament. This is the first point.

Second, our assumption is there are a lot of people in our country who have never voted in their lives. Some were around 17 years old during the last election. Now they they are nearing their 40s. The number of people may be half of the population. If our country’s population is 56 million, these people number about 28 million. The election is decision-time for them, and they will want to use the new power that’s in their hands.

If there is an election, we assume the military government will eventually end, and there will be a civilian government.

Then if we try hard, that civilian government could be a powerful democratic civilian government, if the government gets popular support. We could reach the path of democracy very quick. That’s it.

Q. Some analysts suggest the election and formation of a parliament will not lead to democracy, but just more military control of the system.

A. There are differences of thought about the coming election, based on the 2008 Constitution. They say the Constitution is undemocratic, and of course, we can’t accept that at all. Some people think there will be no change even after the election under this Constitution.

I don’t think like that. When I heard they are preparing for the election, I thought differently. This military government has tried their best. They also love the country. But the way they are going about things is wrong, their system is wrong, and it wastes a lot of time for the country. The country has been left far behind the rest of the world.

The military government knows that. They worked, and they tried. But it wasn’t successful. They also are not popular. They finally may be trying to make some reforms. The reform, as they see it, is to hold the election. Some say they will be in power even after election because of the Constitution they have written.

I don’t think so. I think they will withdraw, since they say they will hold an election and adopt the new Constitution.

I don’t think the army is moving forward, but rather it’s in retreat. I see their reasoning from their point of view, as that of a good commander. For a good commander, a retreat of your forces must be in an orderly and systematic way. Now the junta is withdrawing, but they are withdrawing by taking a role under the Constitution. Our position is to work in this new environment and create an orderly civilian government.


New enemies of the state in Burma – Wai Moe
Irrawaddy: Mon 11 Jan 2010

In recent days, the Burmese military junta has imposed harsh sentences, including the death penalty, on five citizens accused of leaking information, demonstrating once again that it doesn’t tolerate the free flow of information.For leaking information about military ties between Burma and North Korea, a special court held in Rangoon’s notorious Insein Prison sentenced ex-Maj Win Naing Kyaw and his associate, Thura Kyaw, to death.

Pyan Sein, another aide to Win Naing Kyaw—who is the former personal assistant of late Secretary 2 Lt-Gen Tin Oo—received a 15-year prison sentence. Both Thura Kyaw and Pyan Sein worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

A few days before these sentences were handed down, two very different figures received severe sentences for sharing sensitive information with the outside world.

On Dec. 31, video journalist Hla Hla Win and her assistant Myint Naing were sentenced to 26 years in prison for attempting to smuggle video footage about the country to the Norway-based Democratic Voice of Burma.

According to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners-Burma (AAPP), a Burmese human rights group based in Thailand, more than 40 people are currently in jail for their work in media.

Bo Kyi, joint-secretary of the AAPP, said the number of media workers in prison has dramatically increased since the junta’s crackdown on monk-led demonstrations in September 2007.

During the mass demonstrations, authorities were surprised by the technologically sophisticated flow of information that allowed the international media to publish and broadcast evidence of human rights violations by security forces.

“However, the case of Maj Win Naing Kyaw and his associates is quite unusual. It is the first time since the current regime seized power 21 years ago that government officials with important positions have been sentenced to death for leaking information,” said Bo Kyi.

Anyone who goes to one of Burma’s prisons will notice a sign at the entrance which says: “You must follow the State Secrets Act.” Although the sign doesn’t provide any further explanation of what constitutes a violation of this notorious law, Win Naing Kyaw’s case serves as a powerful demonstration of just how jealously the state guards its secrets in Burma.

Actually, however, Win Naing Kyaw and Thura Kyaw were sentenced to death under Section 3 of the 1950 State Emergency Act, which has been used many times over the past six decades to silence political dissidents.

Since the current regime seized power in 1988, however, it has not executed any prisoners sentenced to death, saying that as a provisional government, it would leave it to a future government to carry out executions.

“Anyone can be charged under the State Emergency Act, Section 3, if they disturb state security forces such as armed forces personnel,” said veteran lawyer Thein Nyunt, of the opposition National League for Democracy’s legal committee.

“Burma’s State Emergency Act can be quite widely applied, allowing the state to charge anyone accused of discussing confidential matters relating to the state,” he said.

Following the 1988 uprising, well-known dissidents, including monk leader Kaviya and student leader Kyaw Min Yu were charged under Section 3 of the State Emergency Act. Kaviya was sentenced to death by a military court, while Kyaw Min Yu was sentenced to life imprisonment.

“The State Emergency Act are quite old as they were started in 1950. They don’t fit with today,” said Thein Nyunt. “Using it could make many judicial problems in the country.”

Another infamous act used by the junta to punish dissidents is the Electronics Act. In recent years, from the trials of members of the prominent 88 Generation Students group to that of Win Naing Kyaw, dozens of dissidents have charged under this law, receiving long prison sentences.

The act prohibits sending information, including photo and videos, which the authorities think can be used to damage the state’s image.

“Since the crackdown in September 2007, Internet users or anyone holding a camera or audio recorder is regarded as a potential enemy of the state in Burma,” said the AAPP’s Bo Kyi.


Kachin students launch “anti-government” poster campaign in Burma’s Myitkyina
Democratic Voice of Burma: Mon 11 Jan 2010

An anti-military government poster campaign was launched earlier this morning in Sitapu where the traditional Manaw Festival is being held and in several other wards of Myitkyina, Kachin State.The posters, which read, “We don’t want the military government!”, “We don’t want Myitson Dam!” and “We don’t want the elections in 2010!” were pasted on the electric poles and shop stalls along the way leading to the Manaw festival as well as inside the field where the Manaw festival is being held and in Sitapu ward.

The campaign, which was initiated by the All-Kachin State Student Union, was carried out by the students with the help of the local people who assisted in putting up the posters and served as lookouts for the students, according to a member of the student union.

The campaign, helped by the people, was initiated at a time when guests from different regions were visiting the area to attend the Kachin State Day commemorative event, said the student union member.

[Begin unidentified male recording] We timed our campaign with the Manaw event to highlight the fact that there are difficulties in Kachin State and our country and to show what the people were aspiring for. The local people supported us because they respected what we were doing and because we, as youths, were actively putting up posters against the government, which is something that our elders should be doing. So, they commended and praised us. [End recording]

The 62nd Kachin State Day, which falls on 10 January, is being commemorated with the traditional Manaw Festival in the Sitapu grounds of Myitkyina since 5 January.

Sports, music playing, beauty contest and other events are being held during the festival. Kachin guests from China, Kachin nationals from different parts of Burma, the local people, and government employees are at the Manaw Festival.

Foreigners from diplomatic missions in Rangoon, the Kachin Independence Organization, the Border Guard Forces from No 1 Kachin Special Region, and people’s militias are also there at the Manaw Festival.

No 3 Tactical Operations Command headed by Commander Col Myat Kyaw under the Northern Command has opened a temporary office there to oversee security for the festival while the 21st, 58th, and 260th Infantry Regiments are providing security. Furthermore, about 300 members of the Union Solidarity and Development Association, the Swan Arr Shin, and local fire services are also there to secure the field.

The anti-government poster campaign was launched while the security was very tight.


Junta turns to Draconian electronics law to silence critics – Marwaan Macan-Markar
Inter Press Service: Mon 11 Jan 2010

Bangkok – A court ruling in military-ruled Burma has brought into sharp focus a law the junta widely uses to go after civilians it wants to silence.On Jan. 7 a court found Win Naing Kyaw, a former military officer, guilty of violating the Electronics Act, a law controlling Internet usage, and condemned him to a 20-year sentence. He was linked to photos of a ranking junta official’s visit to North Korea that had appeared on a news website run by Burmese journalists living in exile.

This came just a week after a 25-year-old teacher, Hla Hla Win, was given a 20-year prison sentence on Dec. 31 for violating the same law. Her “crime” was the work she did as a member of the South-east Asian country’s growing network of “undercover journalists” for the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), an Oslo-based news organisation of exiled Burmese journalists.

The Electronics Law bans Burmese citizens from using the Internet to send information, photos or videos critical of the junta to foreign audiences.

The sentence for the freelance video reporter comes on top of another six- year prison term that was handed down last October for having a motorcycle that had been “illegally imported.” Myint Naing, who helped the freelance reporter, was condemned to 26 years in prison.

“Hla Hla Win has been working with us for a few years. And she did so knowing the danger of getting caught with video clips or being seen on the street with a video camera,” said Toe Zaw Latt, DVB’s bureau chief in Thailand. “She was driven to get images of what was happening inside Burma and get them out to the world.”

“Most ‘undercover journalists’ like her do not work for the sake of money,” he added during a telephone interview from Chiang Mai, a northern Thai city. “They are committed to tell the stories and are willing to take great risks to do so.”

DVB has over 100 such freelance journalists armed with video cameras to document the abuse and oppression unfolding in Burma. It shot to international prominence in September 2007, when the junta mounted a harsh crackdown on thousands of anti-government protesters, led by Buddhist monks.

Its video clips supplied by its network of citizen journalists – including Hla Hla Win – offered graphic details of the soldiers attacking the unarmed monks. An estimated 30 to 40 monks and between 50 and 70 civilians were killed during the crushing of the ‘Saffron Revolution’ three years ago. Close to 6,000 monks and civilians were also arrested at the height of this clash in Rangoon, Mandalay and other Burmese cities.

The period since the Saffron Revolution has seen Burma’s notorious network of prisons and labour camps swell with jailed political activists. Some of these critics of the junta have been given harsh prison terms, including a 65-year- sentence for Min Ko Naing, a former student leader and highly regarded pro- democracy activist. There are currently over 2,200 political prisoners, up from the 1,200 imprisoned political activists in mid-2007. That number, until Hla Hla Win’s sentencing, included 13 journalists and bloggers.

“The number of reporters and journalists imprisoned has gone up because the junta is using the Electronics Act to target them,” said Bo Kyi, a ranking member of the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), a group of former Burmese political prisoners championing the rights of prisoners. “The jail term is longer than the law used before, in the 1990s, to silence reporters, which was seven-year maximum sentence.”

Most of the pro-democracy activists that have been jailed since the Saffron Revolution were also accused of violating the Electronics Act, added Bo Kyi during an interview from Mae Sot, a town on the Thai-Burma border, where AAPP is based. “Activists like Min Ko Naing were arrested and then sentenced under this act.”

So was Zarganar, one of Burma’s best-known comedians. He was given a 45- year prison sentence in November 2008, which included 15 years for violating the Electronics Act. He was accused of sharing information with foreign media that had included criticism of the regime’s handling of the humanitarian crisis following the powerful Cyclone Nargis, which flattened the Irrawaddy Delta in May 2008, killing over 150,000 people.

The Electronics Act is one of a litany of repressive laws that are enforced to crush freedom of expression. The 2000 Internet law bans any information posted on the Internet that in the junta’s view may undermine the interests and security of the country. The 1996 Television and Video Act has penalties of up to three years jail term for “copying, distributing, hiring or exhibiting video tape that has no video censor certificate.”

Internet café owners in Rangoon, the former capital, are expected to follow strict guidelines to monitor users. It extends to keeping tabs on the identity of the user, the duration of Internet usage and the list of websites visited. Access to such websites like YouTube and e-mail services like Gmail, Yahoo and Hotmail has been blocked.

No wonder the Electronics Act has been singled out by the exiled Burmese media as a major threat ahead of – and during – the general elections the junta has pledged to conduct this year. “It will be hard for the citizen journalists and other reporters inside Burma to work ahead of the polls,” said Aung Zaw, editor of ‘The Irrawaddy’, a current affairs magazine published by Burmese journalists exiled in Thailand. “The bloggers and citizen journalists will have a big role to play as they did during the Saffron Revolution.”

But the junta, it appears, is steeling itself to avoid a repeat of the video clips and blogs that flowed out of Burma when the September 2007 pro- democracy protest was crushed. “The sentencing of Hla Hla Win is all part of the regime’s preparations to impose more media controls ahead of the elections,” Aung Zaw told IPS.


Burma elections to be held ‘in October’
Democratic Voice of Burma: Fri 8 Jan 2010

Elections in Burma could be held in October this year, according to information leaked from a meeting between the head of a Japanese charity and Burma’s agriculture minister.
The revelation follows a visit to Japan in August last year by agriculture minister Htay Oo, who also heads a proxy organization of the Burmese junta, the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA).

Whilst there he met with the politically influential Yohei Sasakawa, chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Japan’s largest charity. Htay Oo had reportedly visited Japan to observe elections there.

A Japanese source, speaking to DVB on condition of anonymity, said that Htay Oo had told Sasakawa that Burma’s elections would be held in October this year. The source also said that Japan had offered technical assistance in conducting the elections.

The revelation was then corroborated following a visit to Burma last October by the executive director of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF), Seki Akinori, who is believed to have met with senior government ministers. The SPF was set up by Sasakawa.

There Akinori was also told that elections would be held in October this year, according to the source.

The Tokyo-based Asahi Shimbun newspaper, who carried a similar report yesterday, said that the electoral and political party laws will be disseminated in April, around the time of Burmese New Year.

The report also said that the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) party would be recognized as legitimate participants in the election in order to placate pressure from the international community.

A junta source told Asahi Shimbun however that Burma’s military rulers believe that restrictions placed on the party, coupled with the ongoing house arrest of NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi, would significantly weaken their chances of any success.

Details on the elections have to date been shrouded in mystery, although junta chief Than Shwe confirmed earlier this week that they would take place some time this year.

The NLD has not yet announced whether it will participate, and has demanded a revision of the 2008 constitution, which appears to guarantee a continuation of military rule in Burma.
 
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#736 From: Saw Mort <mort.bi@...>
Date: Wed Feb 10, 2010 9:34 am
Subject: Fwd: FW: Reminder:Call for nominations for Gwangju Prize for Human Rights Award 2010
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From: thu lei <thulei75@...>
Date: 2010/2/10
Subject: FW: Reminder:Call for nominations for Gwangju Prize for Human Rights Award 2010
To: kapotati7@..., Saw Mort <mort.bi@gmail.com>



 

Date: Wed, 10 Feb 2010 17:19:57 +0900
Subject: Reminder:Call for nominations for Gwangju Prize for Human Rights Award 2010
From: 518contact@...

The May 18 Memorial Foundation launches 2010 Human Rights Award
 
The May 18 Memorial Foundation yearly announces the 2010 Gwangju Prize for Human Rights in memory of the May 18 Democratic Uprising of 1980. The Gwangju prize is gaining international renown, and received nominations from Afghanistan, Burma, Malaysia, and across the Asian continent in 2009. The annual prize aims to enhance the spirit of the May 18 Democratic Uprising by recognizing individuals and organizations who have contributed to protecting human rights and promoting peace, unification and cooperation. This year is especially significant for the people of Gwangju and defenders of democracy because it marks the 30th anniversary of the 1980 uprising. In May this year, citizens and activists will gather in Jeollanam-do to honor and celebrate Gwangju’s contribution to Korean democracy by presenting one outstanding individual or organization with a medal, certificate and 50 million won grant in recognition of their efforts towards peace, democracy and human rights for all.
 
For more information, please check the website: http://eng.518.org/eng/html/main.html
 
The final deadline for applying this award is March 1, 2010.
The May 18 Memorial Foundation
5.18 Memorial Culture Hall
Seo-Gu, Sangmudong 1268
Postcode  502-260
Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 62 456 0518 
Fax. +82 62 456 0519
Email: gwangjuprize@...
Website: eng.518.org

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Saw Mort

Burma Issues/Peace Way Foundation
P.O Box 3, Mae Sod, Tak 63110, Thailand
+66 (8) 5 666 0732
mort.bi@gmail.com


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#737 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Tue Feb 16, 2010 8:33 am
Subject: [FaithPeace] Resending: Faith and Peace Newsletter - 10/2/10
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February 2010

Doctrine Divides, Action Unites

 
 
 ۩ Home Page
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Contents


Education, Rights and the Future
Saw Eh Doe Doh Moo
This story is a product of fact and fiction—the writer’s experiences as a teacher in Burma and the author’s imagination. Through the life of Wah Wah, the passion for learning in the midst of rural poverty and the repression of a military dictatorship shines brightly.
[Read more]


Settling the ‘Infidels’ Question in Islam
Maher Y. Abu-Munshar
The author emphasizes in this article that verses from the Qur’an that are used to justify violence should be read and understood in the context in which they were originally written and that readers of the Qur’an must distinguish between verses meant for a specific historical incident and the universal message of Islam’s holy book of tolerance and peace among all people. [Read more]


Remembering a Non-violent Dream
Jan. 15 is the birthday of U.S. civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and has been celebrated in the United States as a public holiday since 1986 on the third Monday of the month. This tribute to King is offered by Every Church a Peace Church (ECAPC) in Atlanta, Georgia. [Read more]


‘Democracy Demands Loving Community’
Melanie Zuercher
Among the hundreds, if not thousands, of commemorations of the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. across the United States in mid-January was a special event held at Bethel College in Newton, Kansas (Bethel is the college where ICF coordinator Max Ediger earned his degree). The commemoration at Bethel was special this year as it had been 50 years since King had spoken at the college in January 1960 about the future of racial integration in the country. A student at the time had recorded the speech, and it was publicly replayed for the first time.

Vincent Harding, chairman of the Veterans of Hope Project: A Center for the Study of Religion and Democratic Renewal at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, spoke at Bethel’s commemoration of King’s life. Harding, an African-American, had first met King in 1958 when he and four others drove from Chicago to the South to explore interracial cooperation in the most segregated part of the country. This article from the Bethel College website shares some of Harding’s thoughts during his visit to the college. [Read more]


ICF Drama Workshop on Playback Theater and the Theater of the Oppressed
Paddy Noble
This drama workshop was the first of six workshops that ICF held in 2009. Paddy Noble notes in this reflection that the workshop in India focused on ways to utilize drama to transform societies in conflict. Before doing so though, an inward journey is important. [Read more]

 

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#738 From: Saw Mort <mort.bi@...>
Date: Tue Feb 16, 2010 9:45 am
Subject: Fwd: Security Alert!
mort.bi@...
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: kapotati saw <kapotati7@...>
Date: Mon, Feb 15, 2010 at 12:53 PM
Subject: Security Alert!
To: bi_bkk@..., surachai wanna <othello04@...>, naw thuleipaw <thulei75@...>, aimorn_singthep@..., kwekalu new <kwekalu@...>, a_keereekngwan@..., Saw Mort <mort.bi@gmail.com>, Cyrille <cyrillenikita@...>, hrd_mso@..., MSO Office <msojustpeace@...>, BI Karenni <bikarenni_office@...>


 

Dear all, this is the human rights briefing we have brought to the meeting on the 10th February. Following the repatriation of the refugee on the 5th the Karen CBO has work to collect the fact in cooperation with Friends of Burma. With the help of Friends of Burma and National Human Rights Commission we have a chance to hold the meeting at the National Human Rights Commission office at Bangkok.

 

The meeting include:

  1. National Human Rights Commission
  2. National Security Council
  3. Royal Thai Army (3rd Army)
  4. Ministry of Foreign Affair
  5. UNHCR (regional)
  6. Thailand Burma Border Consortium
  7. Karen Community Based Organization Emergency Relief Committee
  8. Ministry of Interior.

 

The purpose of the meeting is for all these groups to come together and present the current situation of the refugee repatriation together to discuss to find out the best solution. As the brief below there are four main issues that make the refugee not safe to go back at this moment.

  1. Land mines
  2. Food insecurity
  3. Army recruitment and
  4. Forced labor and forced extortion.

The Thai Army has reported that now it is safe for the refugee to return and those who went back they just decide and went back by themselves voluntarily. They did presentation with photos and stories they made up and all their presentation is opposite to the reality. When NGOs and CBO visited and talk with the people the army follow them every where and people dare not to talk openly. In the army presentation include the photos the foreigners visiting the other side (Karen State, Burma side). The CBO try to meet with these foreigners and they said that they Thai Army ask them to cross the border twice and take photos.

 

On the 18th February the National Human Rights Commission will visit the refugees in Nong Burma and U Thu Hta to meet with the refugees and talk with them. Just before this visit last week the Thai authority again warn NGOs and CBOs that they will check each office from the 15th to  the end of February.

 

Just to inform you that this is the difficult time to work freely and openly. It is really a threat to groups and organization which are working on Human Rights Documentation and active for the refugees cases.

 

Kwehsay

Plz see the brief below.

 

 

Karen Community-Based Organization

Emergency Relief Committee

 

Mae Sot, Thailand     kcboerc@...

 

 

Karen Refugee Human Rights Briefing

10 February 2010

 

 

 

We are grateful to the esteemed representatives of Thailand’s National Security Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, and the Royal Thai Army for your interest in the Karen refugees living in the Tha Song Yang district of Thailand.

 

The Karen Community-Based Organization Emergency Relief Committee (KCBOERC) is a consortium of health and human rights groups that formed in mid-2009 to serve the urgent needs of approximately 4,500 Karen villagers who fled on-going conflict and human rights abuses by the Myanmar Army and its ally, the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA). An estimated 2,400[1] of the refugees remain in rudimentary shelters in Nong Bua and Mae U Su, two temporary sites close to the border in Tah Song Yang District, Tak Province.

 

The KCBOERC conducted in-depth interviews with more than 80 of the refugees, systematically documenting the risks that drove the villagers to Thailand—including landmine-related injury and death, forced conscription, forced labour, and theft of food.

 

While there is no active fighting currently in the region of Burma from which the refugees fled, the absence of active conflict does not imply that safe return is possible. Recent incidents and interviews gathered by KCBOERC document that the very same threats that initially drove the refugees to Thailand, including landmines and abuses by the SPDC and the DKBA against civilians, continue to be realities on the ground[2]. Repatriation when the conditions for safe return have not yet been met will place the returnees at risk for abuse, injury and death.

 

Refugees tell us they would like to return home—but only if it is safe to live and work in their villages. At this juncture, conditions are not safe, and return would not be voluntary. Refugees who have “chosen” to return have told us that they are doing so only under pressure and intimidation by some Thai and DKBA authorities. Under these conditions, the international community is likely to view any repatriation as involuntary.

 

In interviews with KCBOERC members, refugees have cited four primary reasons preventing their safe return.  These reasons include fear of landmines, forced labour, military conscription and food insecurity.  Brief summaries are included below, and full details are available as appendixes prepared by KCBOERC.

 

Landmines

Villages, agricultural fields and trails in the Ler Per Her area of eastern Burma have an intense concentration of landmines due to ongoing conflict involving the Myanmar Army, the DKBA, and the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA). There are virtually no de-mining operations in eastern Burma,[3] and with three different groups placing mines, and no accurate mapping of mining operations, successful demining operations sufficient to ensure safe return are not possible.

 

Five landmine injuries have been documented in the Ler Per Her area—now controlled by the DKBA—with additional cases, including two deaths, reported in refugee interviews. Nearly all refugees interviewed by KCBOERC cited the threat of landmines as a factor in fleeing to Thailand in 2009. Even one such injury impacts the entire community, and can be devastating to a family’s resources and livelihood, as the family not only loses productivity of a household member but frequently is forced to also support the crippled survivor.

 

On January 18, 2010, a 25-year-old woman, nine-months pregnant, returned to her village in the Ler Per Her area to tend her family’s buffalo:

 

“I was walking on the path leading into the village, and I followed the buffalo just off the path and then stepped on the landmine. Half of my foot disappeared. I could not walk. I was worried, I feared for my baby. I was taken to Mae Sot hospital [in Thailand] and they took my baby out [C-section] on the same day. I don't want to go back to my village [in Burma]. I'm afraid to go back again. It is not safe anywhere.”[4]

 

(See Appendix A for additional Landmine threat documentation)

 

 

Forced Labour

Human rights organisations have extensively documented forced labour abuses against civilians by the SPDC and DKBA, including building and repairing military camps, portering supplies and clearing mines. Refugees interviewed by KCBOERC researchers repeatedly cited forced labour occurring in areas under SPDC and DKBA military operations as a primary reason for fleeing to Thailand in June.

 

These abuses have continued even in the absence of active fighting following the KNLA’s withdrawal from the Ler Per Her region in June, 2009. For example, every day since January 5, DKBA soldiers based at Wa Kaw Loo camp have forced 7 villagers to come to work repairing, maintaining and building the military camp.  Because villagers in the area of Wa Kaw Loo fled to Thailand during June, the DKBA is currently forcing civilians from far way villages to travel and meet their forced labour demands. [5]

 

“Before I fled to Thailand, I was forced to work [for DKBA], constructing roads, building fences around the army camps, building a place for rice storage, carrying rations and cutting wood. . .If I am ordered to do construction [while I am away], my son who is 13 years old is too young to go instead of me, so my wife has to hire people. This is a lot of money.”[6]

--Saw G----, 41, fled to Thailand with his family in January, 2010

 

 

(See Appendix B for additional Forced Labour documentation)

 

 

Conscription

Refugees fleeing during June cited fears of being forcibly recruited into the DKBA Army.  These concerns remain.  The DKBA has a stated goal of adding an additional 3,000 troops, and refugees, villagers remaining in Burma and soldiers that have escaped to Thailand have all told KCBOERC groups that this is primarily being achieved through forced recruitment.  Returned refugees, including children, face a real threat of being forced to join the DKBA Army.

 

“I leave because I am worried about my children. I have six sons. For every three boys, one has to join the DKBA army or pay 200,00 kyat per year. I do not want to go back, to taxes, forced labor, landmines, fighting. No one wants to go back.”[7]

--Naw P-----, 38, fled from Mae La Po Hta camp

in 1998 when it was burned down by the SPDC. Fled Ler Per Her in June 2009.

 

(See Appendix C for additional Conscription documentation)

 

 

Food and Livelihood Insecurity

The majority of refugees in Tha Song Yang are subsistence farmers. Their food supplies had to be abandoned during flight.  They have not been able to tend to their crops, and were not able to harvest their paddy in October.[8]  Because of this, it is likely that returning refugees would face substantial food insecurity.  Compounding these difficulties, landmine risks will make gathering food dangerous or impossible.

 

“We do not have chance to work on our farm or field because we have to flee from our home town. Others [must] still provide us with foods and other supplies.We can’t make a living by our own.”[9]

--Village Leader, No Bu camp

 

(See Appendix D for additional Food Insecurity documentation)

 

KCBOERC Recommendations

1) No refugees should be involuntarily repatriated.  All claims of voluntary repatriation should be independently verified and the overall results made public.  The National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, the U.N. Refugee Agency (UNHCR), the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC), and other concerned parties should be allowed to conduct standardized, confidential interviews with the refugees, and make the overall results public.

 

2) Refugees should be fully included in discussions and negotiations regarding repatriation and relocation.

 

3) Each family should be allowed to decide where they would like to go without pressure or intimidation.  This could include continued refuge at the Nong Bua and Mae U Su temporary camps, where humanitarian groups should be allowed to improve housing and sanitation conditions and/or relocation to the Mae La Refugee Camp.

 

 



[1] Thailand Burma Border Consortium

[2] Interviews conducted by: KCBOERC 31 January, 2010 and 5 February, 2010; Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) 27 January, 3 February, 5 February; Human Rights Watch, 3 February, 2010.

[3] Landmine Monitor, 2009.

[4] Human Rights Watch. Interview conducted at Mae Tao Clinic, 3 February, 2010.

[5] Karen Human Rights Group

[6] Karen Human Rights Group, Bulletin, 27 January, 2010

[7] KCBOERC, Interview in Nong Bua area, 5 February, 2010

[8] Karen Human Rights Group

[9] KCBOERC, Interview conducted January 31, 2010



Miku Chaiboonsomjid
Plannig Committee and information and campaign coordinator
Mobile: 66 (0)87 8423015
Skype: patikweh
Address:
Peace Way Foundation/Burma Issues
235/26 Asoke Dindaeng Road
Makkasan, Rajtaevee
Bangkok 10400
Thailand
Phone: 66 (0)2 6411450
Fax:66 (0) 2 6411449
www.burmaissues.org 
 
 
...................................................................................................................................................................................................

 





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--
Saw Mort

Burma Issues/Peace Way Foundation
P.O Box 3, Mae Sod, Tak 63110, Thailand
+66 (8) 5 666 0732
mort.bi@gmail.com


#739 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Tue Feb 16, 2010 9:40 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 16/2/10
piapi
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  1. Myanmar junta chief confirms election to be held this year

  2. ILO to begin Burma child soldier campaign

  3. Tens of thousands of child soldiers in Myanmar

  4. World must not be misled by Burma’s sham elections

  5. Broken promises and a broken nation

  6. Union of Burma remains a dream, as civil war rages

  7. Burma army burns over 70 houses & intensifies offensive over Karen

  8. Karen villagers flee as Burma army escalates attacks

  9. Jailed and tortured in Myanmar

  10. Understanding the ‘Union Day’ of Myanmar

  11. Myanmar’s Suu Kyi undecided on junta’s elections

  12. Sixty villages to be relocated for hydropower projects

  13. Facing rampant inflation, Myanmar turns to bartering

  14. Elections mean nothing to Myanmar’s ethnic armies

  15. At her Thai border clinic, Cynthia Maung treats victims of war from her native Burma

  16. Transform to peoples militia or face action; junta to SSA

  17. UN report on Burma’s recovery from 2008 Cyclone points to progress in key areas

  18. ‘Burma VJ’ wins Mumbai prize

  19. Myanmar authorities hinder disaster-relief projects

  20. Australia to increase aid to Burma

  21. The case for China’s intervention in Burma

 



Myanmar junta chief confirms election to be held this year

Deutsche Presse-Agentur: Fri 12 Feb 2010

Yangon – Myanmar military supremo Senior General Than Shwe confirmed Friday that the junta will hold a general election this year, honouring previous commitments to the international community.“A free and fair general election will be held this year in accordance with the seven step road map,” Than Shwe said in a speech commemorating the 63rd anniversary of Union Day in the military capital of Naypyitaw, 350 kilometres north of Yangon.

The junta’s road map lists a general election as one of the steps towards a “discipline-flourishing democracy.”

Burmese Union Day commemorates the signing of an agreement in 1947 among various Myanmar ethnic groups and factions to create the independent republic of Burma.

Now known as Myanmar, the country was granted independence from Britain after a century of colonial rule in 1948.

In Yangon, the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) party used the occasion to reiterate calls for the release of all political prisoners, including Nobel laurate Aung San Suu Kyi, prior to the polls.

Suu Kyi, who has spent 14 of the past 20 years under house arrest, was sentenced in May to another 18 months detention, effectively preventing her participation in any elections in 2010.

The party also called for the release of NLD Vice Chairman Tin Oo, who has been detained in his home for the past seven years. His detention period is due to expire on Saturday.

Rumours circulated in Yangon that Tin Oo, 84, is to be released late Friday or Saturday.

“U (Mr) Tin Oo has paid dearly for his courageous opposition to military rule,” Human Rights Watch’s Asia director Brad Adams said.

“His release on schedule will be an important test of whether Burma’s generals will allow even modest pluralism before the elections this year,” he said in a statement issued from HRW’s New
York headquarters.

Myanmar authorities arrested Tin Oo in May 2003 on politically motivated charges of disturbing public order after pro-government militias attacked the convoy carrying him and Suu Kyi near Depayin, in Upper Myanmar.

Tin Oo, a former military officer, was one of the founders of the NLD, which won Myanmar’s last election in 1990.

The military has denied the NLD power for the past 20 years.

Myanmar has been under military rule since 1962.


ILO to begin Burma child soldier campaign – Nay Too

Democratic Voice of Burma: Fri 12 Feb 2010

The International Labour Organisation will begin circulating leaflets on forced labour and child solider recruitment across Burma, but not before it is passed through the regime’s notorious censor board.Burma is thought to have one of the world’s highest counts of child soldiers, and the UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) is the only body officially mandated to tackle the problem in the pariah state.

Steve Marshall, ILO liaison officer in Rangoon, said that a draft of the leaflet had been submitted to the government’s labour ministry for approval.

The campaign, he said, was raised during talks in Burma last month between ILO executive director Kari Tapiola and labour minister Aung Kyi.

The talks also resulted in an extension of the ‘supplementary understanding’ between the government and the ILO, which acts as an agreement that the Burmese junta will not avenge those who complain to the ILO about forced labour and child solider recruitment.

“There will need to be an extensive printing of these [leaflets] in various languages, with a wide distribution,” said Marshall.

Many complaints of forced labour and child solider recruitment come from Burma’s border regions where the army has been fighting decades-long conflicts with various armed ethnic groups.

“The first print run will clearly be in Myanmar [Burmese] language, but it would be silly not to produce it in the major ethnic languages,” he said, but added that the translation would take more time.

The ILO has struggled since the first supplementary understanding was signed in February 2007 to curb the recruitment of child soldiers and use of forced labour, which includes land disputes, by the Burmese government.

It has also expressed “serious concern” about the jailing of labour activists and forced labour complainants.

A landmark Human Rights Watch report in 2002 found that an estimated 70,000 child soldiers made up around 20 percent of the Burmese army. Another report last year by the Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict claimed that children as young as nine were serving in the military.


Tens of thousands of child soldiers in Myanmar – Bernd Musch-Borowska

Deustche Welle (Germany): Fri 12 Feb 2010

Feb. 12 is Red Hand Day. There are some 250,000 child soldiers according to the UN fighting in armed conflicts. The junta and rebel armies in Myanmar, also known as Burma, are notorious for recruiting child soldiers.They are sometimes as young as 10 and they fight not only in the official army but for various rebel groupings across the country.

NGOs such as Terre des Hommes and Human Rights Watch estimate that there are up to 80,000 of them. Although it is difficult to acquire exact figures, Human Rights Watch calculates that every fifth soldier is under 18.

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:

Jo Becker, the Children’s Rights Advocacy Director for Human Rights Watch, co-authored a report entitled “Sold to be Soldiers: The Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers in Burma.”

11 years old and only 1.3 meters tall

She said that children were recruited regardless of age or physical capability. “We interviewed one boy who was recruited when he was only 11 years old. He was only 1.3 meters tall and weighed only 31 kilograms yet the army still accepted him.

“They go through the same training as adults in most cases and they may be deployed into combat situations from the age of 12. They are used to fight against ethnic armed opposition groups in the country and they’re also used to commit human rights abuses such as burning villages or rounding up civilians for forced labor purposes.”

The conditions in the army are reportedly atrocious. One reason why children are used is that there is a lack of adult volunteers and high desertion rates. So despite Red Hand Day and countless other initiatives campaigning against the use of children in armed conflict, in Myanmar the number of child soldiers continues to rise.

Trapped by recruiters

Becker explained how easily boys were trapped into joining the army: “Recruiters will typically approach children who are on their own; boys who are in public places like the marketplace, train or bus stations.

“One of their typical tactics is to ask a boy to produce his identity card and if the boy can’t produce his card the recruiter will say ‘Well you have to go to jail or you can join the army.’ So in this way many boys are coerced.”

The recruiters themselves receive cash payments for each new recruit. The children’s records are then often falsified because the official minimum recruitment age is still 18.

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:

United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has called on the Myanmar junta to do more to ensure that children are not recruited into the army. He has also insisted that children should not be arrested and imprisoned for deserting. So far, his demands have fallen on deaf ears.


World must not be misled by Burma’s sham elections – Naw Zipporah Sein

The Nation (Thailand): Fri 12 Feb 2010

THIS WEEK in 1947, our ethnic leaders signed the historic Panglong Agreement, which envisioned a free Burma in which our people could live together in peace. Within a year, Burma gained its independence from the British. Yet, half a century later, Burma is still not free. Successive military regimes have, over the past 50 years, attempted to achieve “unity”, not through dialogue, but with the barrel of a gun. This year, while preparing for the 2010 elections, the junta is trying to achieve a sham democracy through force.There are those in the international community who believe the elections will provide an opportunity for change. Even if there was the chance for “free and fair” elections, the regime has guaranteed its hold on power through its self-crafted 2008 constitution. The constitution, to be enacted through the elections, will create a new parliament with a civilian facade, while entrenching the current structure where the non-elected commander-in-chief is the most powerful person in the country. Any hope for change is made impossible with the military’s approval needed for constitutional amendments.

Most critically, the constitution and elections will provide no respite from suffering for our people. While preparing for the first elections in 20 years, the junta has shown no desire to resolve conflicts through peaceful means. Instead, it is taking extreme measures to destroy the opposition – adding to the more than 2,100 political leaders and activists already in prison and stepping up attacks to wrest power from ethnic armed and unarmed groups. The new constitution will only further systemise this discrimination against ethnic people.

These elections, the last step in the military’s sham “roadmap to democracy”, are the biggest threat yet to the vision of Panglong. People may ask, why can’t we go along with the regime’s plan and participate in these elections? This is because they deny the things we have been fighting for all these years – equality and federalism.

In the half century of military rule, it is our people who have paid the highest price. This is why we cannot accept a false democracy that legitimises the military’s control and subjugation of the Burmese people. Since independence, our myriad ethnic groups – which make up over 40 per cent of Burma’s population – have never enjoyed political or economic equality with the majority. Since the first military coup in 1962, the junta has systematically implemented a policy of “Burmanisation”, inundating our culture with the mainstream Burmese culture, and tightly restricting the freedom to teach our languages in schools and practice our traditions.

As leaders of Burma’s ethnic resistance, we have seen the devastating consequences of the regime’s tactics against our people. Now, it is only hastening efforts to wipe out any remaining resistance prior to the 2010 elections. Just last year, military offensives in eastern Burma forced more than 43,800 ethnic people to flee the country, just the latest wave of refugees streaming over Burma’s borders. Some of these attacks were part and parcel of the regime’s ongoing policy of targeting ethnic civilians in order to undermine its opposition. The junta’s tactic, often referred to as “draining the ocean so the fish cannot swim”, has destroyed more than 3,500 villages in eastern Burma in the last 10 years.

The regime has also increased hostility against ethnic ceasefire groups, to further consolidate control before the elections. It wants to force them to join a new Border Guard Force under the command of the SPDC army. Its strategy? A continuation of its divide-and-rule policy, which mobilises proxy ethnic forces to help the military regime attack and commit crimes against their own ethnic people.

Already, preparations for the elections have only served to aggravate the explosive situation in Burma and the racist constitution will only foment further chaos. Much like the 1983 apartheid constitution of South Africa, the Burmese constitution aims to legitimise majority rule through the token participation of ethnic people in a new parliament. Like its apartheid South African counterpart, Burma’s new constitution deprives ethnic people of fundamental rights, and makes it virtually impossible for them to have any real political representation. Instead of recognising our demands for equality and federalism, the regime is trying to cement its control over ethnic areas, to guarantee its continued profit from the rich natural resources in these areas. And by providing the regime blanket immunity for past war crimes and crimes against humanity, the constitution sanctions the continuation of these atrocities.

As leaders of the ethnic resistance movement, we know that this election is not a solution to the crises faced by our people. More than ever, we are working closely together with our pro-democracy brothers and sisters on the path to true national reconciliation. We believe that to even begin to hope for democratic progress, three essential benchmarks must be met:
  • The release of all political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, who still commands deep respect and admiration from ethnic groups;
  • The cessation of attacks against ethnic communities; and
  • Dialogue with all stakeholders, including a review of the 2008 constitution.

These demands are in line with Suu Kyi, the NLD and other pro-democratic forces inside and in exile and were echoed by the UN General Assembly in a Christmas Eve resolution.

If the regime refuses to meet these benchmarks, we need world leaders to take their efforts one step further, as they did when South Africa held its apartheid elections in 1984. Back then, the UN Security Council rallied to the cause of black South Africans, by declaring its racist constitution “null and void”, and calling on governments not to recognise the result of the elections.

South Africa’s road to freedom was a long and tortuous one, but a people’s movement, supported by the world, was able to bring the racist regime to an end. Our struggle for equality and freedom in Burma has been long, but we are more united than ever before. Instead of calling for “free and fair” elections, which simply buys into the regime’s plan, the international community should call on the junta to meet the benchmarks, and if they do not, denounce the elections and not recognise the results.



Broken promises and a broken nation – Editorial

Irrawaddy: Fri 12 Feb 2010

Sixty-three years ago, Burma’s independence leader Gen Aung San and leaders from the country’s main ethnic groups gathered at the city of Panglong in southern Shan State to sign an historic agreement, determining their future by achieving absolute independence from the British.The representatives from the central government, known as the Executive Council of the Governor of Burma at that time, met with leaders from the Shan, Chin and Kachin minorities and signed an agreement to guarantee equal rights for ethnic people. They were assured that Burma would be a federal union with power sharing, and were even granted the right to secede.

Ever since then, this event has been commemorated annually on Burma’s Union Day, an occasion for recalling the “Panglong spirit,” which emphasizes the shared benefits of mutual trust between the Burman majority and ethnic minorities.

However, this historic agreement has been largely ignored since Burma gained its independence in 1948. The government in Rangoon assumed power at the central, state and local levels, leaving non-Burman ethnic groups with no power at all.

To mark Union Day, the leader of Burma’s ruling military regime, Snr-Gen Than Shwe, called on all of Burma’s ethnic groups to renew their “sense of Union Spirit” wherever they live in across the nation, “to ensure perpetuation of the motherland, and independence and sovereignty will not be lost again.”

Burma’s successive military regimes have long acted on the assumption that the federal system promised in the Panglong Agreement was a formula for disintegration. In fact, Burma’s era of military rule began when Gen Ne Win seized power in 1962 to prevent ethnic leaders and members of Parliament from carrying out constitutional reforms to create a genuine federal union.

According to Than Shwe, the national and regional parliaments that will be formed after this year’s election, to be held in accord with the 2008 Constitution and the “road map” to democracy, will satisfactorily address all the legitimate needs of Burma’s ethnic minorities. That is why he has repeated his promise to go ahead with the election while continuing to call on ethnic cease-fire groups to disarm or join a national border guard force under Burmese military control.

Most of the ethnic armed groups have refused to accept the plan, however, saying that they have nothing to gain from it. Several ethnic leaders have also said that they don’t have any faith in the new Constitution, which was approved by a farcical referendum in 2008. They point out that real power under the Constitution resides in the national parliament, where the Burmese military will take 25 percent of all seats.

At the same time, Burmese military authorities have kept several key ethnic figures in notorious prisons, including Sao Hso Ten, the president of the Shan State Peace Council, and Hkun Htun Oo and Sai Nyunt Lwin, the chairman and secretary, respectively, of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy. The three Shan leaders are serving prison terms of between 75 and 106 years on charges that included defamation and high treason.

Even worse, the Burmese junta has not relented in its persecution of civilians in ethnic minority areas. Some 140,000 ethnic refugees live in official camps along the Thai-Burmese border, according to the United Nations refugee agency, while many more cling to survival as internally displaced persons. Last August, another 37,000 refugees fled into China after Burmese regime forces routed an ethnic army in the Kokang region. The potential for a further exodus remains amid the constant threat of conflict in many areas around the country.

This is why Union Day is not an occasion to celebrate, but rather a time to reflect on the legacy of decades of broken promises. What we find when we look at Burma today is not unity or strength, but the misery of a country constantly at war with itself. Only when all ethnic nationalities enjoy genuine equality and self-determination can Burma hope to build a stable and united nation.


Union of Burma remains a dream, as civil war rages – Phanida

Mizzima News: Fri 12 Feb 2010

Chiang Mai – Today is the 63rd anniversary of the Panlong Agreement, which envisaged a Union of Burma promising equality among all ethnic people in the hills and plains.But the Union that the architects of the Independence struggle wanted is yet to take shape. Instead civil war rages. Now, the ruling military regime is promising incentives to the ethnic people by way of autonomous rights in its 2008 constitution.

The provisions in the 2008 constitution are quite contrary to the historical Panlong Agreement which was signed on 12 February 1947, some ethnic leaders and National League for Democracy (NLD) party said.

The Zomi National Congress (ZNC) Chairman Pu Tsian Cing Thang said, “The Union must provide for equality among all ethnic people without discrimination but in the 2008 constitution, there is not a single provision which can guarantee the rights of ethnic people so it cannot be called a Union”.

In democratic countries, members of armed forces, who wish to join politics, must resign from military posts, but in Burma, the 2008 constitution allows Burmese Army personnel to join politics in uniform. It is ridiculous, he said.

He referred to Article (6) Basic Principles, sub-article 6(f) (of 2008 Constitution) which says ‘enabling the Defence Services to be able to participate in national political leadership role of the State.’

Similarly the ‘Ethnic Nationalities Council’ (ENC) in exile, Joint Secretary Salai Sui Khar said that the 2008 constitution does not guarantee autonomous rights and equality agreed and mentioned in paragraph 5 and 7 of the Panlong Agreement that ethnic people aspire for.

NLD party spokesman Ohn Kyaing said that successive governments of AFPFL (Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League), BSPP (Burma Socialist Programme Party), SLORC (State Law and Order Restoration Council) and ruling SPDC (State Peace and Development Council) have ignored the Panlong Agreement but the undemocratic provisions are included in the 2008 constitution. These have to amend.

“The Panlong Agreement reportedly had nine points. The main point was there has to be equality among all ethnic people. It guaranteed freedom of religion and self-determination in local States and Divisions,” he said.

On 12 February 1947, Bogyoke (General) Aung San got together with Shan, Kachin, Chin ethnic leaders to have a Union and signed the historical Panlong agreement in Panlong, Shan State.

But junta supremo Senior General Than Shwe refused to recognize the efforts of national leaders in the independence struggle in his message sent to today’s Union Day celebrations. He chose to emphasize the proposed general election this year.

Burma’s democrats pointed out that holding elections within the framework of the 2008 constitution, which will only legitimize military continuance and will not guarantee equal rights to the ethnic people, cannot stop the raging civil war.


Burma army burns over 70 houses & intensifies offensive over Karen

Christian Solidarity Worldwide: Fri 12 Feb 2010

Over 70 houses, a mobile health clinic and two schools in eastern Burma have been burnt down by army patrols stepping up the offensive on Karen villagers, according to the Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People (CIDKP.) Most recently, Burma army allied troops set fire to 46 houses in Toe Hta area and 28 houses in Ka Di Mu Der area of Ler Doh township, Nyaunglebin District. A vital mobile health clinic, a middle school, and a nursery school in K’Dee Mu Der village and Tee Mu TaVillage were also destroyed by soldiers on 8 February. Other schools have been forced to close.

Thousands of people have been displaced and are still in hiding following the attacks, according to Free Burma Rangers (FBR), a relief organization working in the conflict zones of eastern Burma.

Benedict Rogers, East Asia Team Leader at CSW, said: “These latest attacks serve as clear evidence of a brutal plan of ethnic cleansing against the minorities, instigated by Burma’s military regime. Karen villagers have been subjected to severe human rights violations for far too long. Governments need to respond to these crimes against humanity by working to establish a United Nations commission of inquiry and an immediate and universal arms embargo”.

For further information or to arrange interviews please contact Theresa Malinowska, Press Officer at Christian Solidarity Worldwide on +44 (0) 20 8329 0045 / +44 (0)78 2332 9663, email theresamalinowska@... or visit www.csw.org.uk.

CSW is a human rights organisation which specialises in religious freedom, works on behalf of those persecuted for their Christian beliefs and promotes religious liberty for all.


Karen villagers flee as Burma army escalates attacks – Saw Yan Naing

Irrawaddy: Thu 11 Feb 2010

Burmese government troops have stepped up their attacks on Karen civilians, burning down dozens of houses and a clinic and forcing schools to close and around 2,000 Karen villagers to flee into the jungle, according to Karen relief groups. The troops burnt down more than 70 houses in several villages in Kyaukkyi Township in Nyaunglebin District, Pegu Division, as well as one mobile clinic, said the Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People (CIDKP).

Eleven schools—four nursery schools, four primary schools and three middle schools—were forced to close and children are hiding in the jungle due to the military activities, said the relief group.

Saw Steve, a CIDKP team leader, told The Irrawaddy on Thursday: “The villagers cannot return home as long as the government troops are active in the area.”

Troops from Light Infantry Battalions 362 and 367 and Tactical Operation Command 3, under control of Military Operation Command 10, are still patrolling in the affected areas, he added.

The troops separately entered six villages from Feb. 3 -7, burning down 46 houses in the Toe Hta area and 28 houses in the Ka Di Mu Der area, according to the CIDKP. On Feb. 5, a villager, Saw Law Ray Htoo, was shot on the Salween River and later died at a hospital in the Mae La Oo refugee camp on the Thai-Burmese border.

The attacks are the latest in a series of raids targeting civilians in the region. In January, government army troops raided ten villages in Nyaunglebin District, killing four villagers and forcing about 2,000 into hiding in the jungle, according to Aung Din, executive director of the US Campaign for Burma.

“These attacks are further evidence of the urgent need for the United Nations to take effective action to stop war crimes and crimes against humanity in Burma, perpetrated by the regime with impunity,” said Aung Din in a press release on Wednesday.

He said that mobile health clinics are always targeted by the Burmese government troops because they provide life-saving services to Karen and other ethnic minority villagers.

“This is a clear violation of the Geneva Conventions and the principal of medical neutrality, further evidence of the regime’s crimes against humanity and war crimes,” said Aung Din.


Jailed and tortured in Myanmar

The Economist: Thu 11 Feb 2010

IT TAKES great courage and commitment to translate for a foreign journalist in Myanmar. Two men who helped The Economist after Cyclone Nargis, which killed some 140,000 people in 2008, were rounded up last September for opposing the ruling junta.The men are held in Insein prison in the main city, Yangon. Information about their conditions and treatment is hard to come by. But the latest reports are horrifying. Khine Kyaw Moe has reportedly been hooded, half-suffocated, savagely beaten, half-starved and then fed contaminated food. He is said to be very sick. There is no recent news of another colleague, Tun Lun Kyaw. The two men were earlier seen together at the prison. They were weeping, and looked emaciated and broken.

Both men are from the north-western state of Rakhine (formerly Arakan), which is rich in natural gas yet very poor, and home to some of Myanmar’s many oppressed ethnic minorities. Along with at least 13 other students arrested around the same time, they are accused of belonging to the All Arakan Students’ and Youths’ Congress, which the regime calls a terrorist organisation, but professes belief in a peaceful struggle for democracy. That they had helped the foreign press will have worsened their plight.

Myanmar’s best-known political prisoner, the opposition leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, is detained at home in Yangon. Besides her, more than 2,100 other political prisoners are held, all in squalid and brutal conditions. Many are serving sentences of up to 65 years for peaceful political activities. Former detainees say that torture is routine, and that medical attention is often denied even when prisoners fall gravely ill.

Under a “road-map for democracy”, Myanmar will this year vote in a “multiparty election”. Miss Suu Kyi’s party, the National League for Democracy, is deciding whether to take part. It is a difficult choice. Joining in would add legitimacy to a process with a preordained outcome—army dominance. But no other sort of change is on offer. This week a court sentenced a Burmese-born American activist, Nyi Nyi Aung, to three years in prison for forging an identity card and violating immigration law. One League precondition to taking part in the election is the release of all political prisoners. The regime, however, seems intent only on adding to their number.


Understanding the ‘Union Day’ of Myanmar – Nehginpao Kipgen

Korea Times: Thu 11 Feb 2010

Feb. 12, 2010 is the 63rd anniversary of Myanmar’s “Union Day.” It was this day in 1947 when 23 representatives from the Shan states, the Kachin hills and the Chin hills, and Aung San, head of the interim Myanmarese (Burmese) government, signed an agreement in Panglong (in the Shan states) to form the Union of Burma.The State Law and Order Restoration Council, the former name of the military junta, changed the country’s name from the Union of Burma to “Union of Myanmar” in 1989. However, the Myanmarese opposition and the Western nations still continue to use Burma while the Eastern nations and the United Nations use Myanmar.

The Panglong agreement was a turning point in the modern history of Burma. General Aung San, father of Aung San Suu Kyi, played a pivotal role in bringing together leaders of the Frontier Areas (ethnic nationalities) to the negotiating table. Thereafter, the 32-year-old Aung San was assassinated on July 19, 1947.

Not only was the Union Day a precursor to Myanmar’s independence from the yoke of British colonial rule in January 1948, but also the hallmark of ethno-political conflicts in the country. The significance of forming the Union Day was that Myanmar became a home to multiethnic nationalities.

When Aung San and his delegation went to London to negotiate Myanmar’s independence, no delegates from the Frontier Areas were present. During the meeting, Clement Attlee, the British prime minister, insisted that Myanmar proper should not coerce leaders of the Frontier Areas to join the Union of Burma against their will.

Aung San, however, argued that it was the British who kept the peoples of Myanmar apart. Aung San was quoted in The Times (London) on Jan. 14, 1947, as saying: “We can confidently assert here that so far as our knowledge of our country goes, there should be no insuperable difficulties in the way of a unified Burma provided all races are given full freedom and the opportunity to meet together and to work without the interference of outside interests.”

In an attempt to allay the doubts and lingering fears of the British government regarding unequal treatment in the Frontier Areas in the future Union of Burma, Aung San assured the Frontier peoples in his unforgettable remark that: “If Burma receives one kyat, you will also get one kyat.” Kyat is the Myanmarese currency.

After receiving assurances from Aung San, leaders of the Chin and Kachin hills, and the Shan states agreed to cooperate with the interim Myanmarese government. The attending Frontier leaders believed that freedom would be more speedily achieved by immediate cooperation with the interim government.

The Shans, the Kachins and the Chins agreed to the formation of the Union of Burma in return for promises of full autonomy in internal administration and an equal share in the country’s wealth. The Karens still believed that the British would grant them an independent state.

One most notable agreement of the Panglong Conference was granting full autonomy to ethnic nationalities, which has not materialized to this day. The agreement was basically for establishing a unified country, and was not aimed at putting an end to the traditional autonomy or self-rule of the Frontier Areas.

Failing to implement this agreement has increased mistrust and misunderstanding between the majority ethnic Burma-led central government and other ethnic nationalities. Autonomy has been a core demand for minorities since 1947, and continues to remain the fundamental issue.

The ongoing ethno-political conflicts, including armed confrontations, are largely the consequences of the failure to implement the Panglong Agreement. As long as minority concerns are not addressed, conflicts in Myanmar are likely to remain even if democracy is restored.

Autonomy is a political solution that can serve the interests of the erstwhile Frontier Areas. However, the military junta sees it as something that would disintegrate the Union of Burma.

Political autonomy is not tantamount to secession. In other words, Myanmar’s ethnic minorities are neither secessionists nor separatists. They believe that autonomy or self-determination will give them an opportunity to preserve their culture, language and tradition.

The minorities occupy roughly two-thirds of the country’s total land area, and constitute over 30 percent of the population. They have long advocated tripartite talks involving the military, the National League for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi and ethnic nationalities, as endorsed by the United Nations since 1994.

Had Aung San not promised political equality and autonomy to the Frontier Areas, the Union of Burma might have never been born.

The Union of Burma/Myanmar can become a cohesive and vibrant society when the rights of all ethnic nationalities, regardless of the size of population, are treated equally. Each ethnic group must be given the right to practice and promote its own culture and literature, among others.

Any deliberate attempt by the military junta to annihilate any group of the multiethnic nationalities, militarily or culturally, is against the spirit of the Union Day. Despite the observance of its 63rd anniversary, the essence of the Union Day is still denied to Myanmar’s ethnic minorities.

Nehginpao Kipgen is a researcher on the rise of political conflicts in modern Myanmar (1947-2004) and general secretary of the U.S.-based Kuki International Forum (www.kukiforum.com). He has written numerous analytical articles on the politics of Myanmar and Asia that have been widely published in five continents.


Myanmar’s Suu Kyi undecided on junta’s elections

Associated Press: Wed 10 Feb 2010

Yangon, Myanmar — Myanmar’s detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi says that the military-run country’s upcoming elections cannot be credible unless the government allows freedom of information, her party said Wednesday. The Nobel Peace Prize laureate — who is serving a new 18-month sentence of house arrest — also said she hasn’t decided whether her party will contest this year’s planned polls, said Nyan Win, her lawyer and spokesman for her National League for Democracy party.

“Aung San Suu Kyi said if freedom of information and freedom of expression are not allowed, the elections will neither be free nor fair nor credible,” said Nyan Win, who met Suu Kyi at her house Tuesday.

Myanmar’s military government has said it will hold a general election this year, but has not yet set an exact date or passed the necessary laws. Suu Kyi’s party won the last election in 1990, but the military refused to allow it to take power.

The junta tightly controls information in the impoverished Southeast Asian country.

An election boycott by the NLD would deal a blow to the government’s promotion of the polls as part of a “roadmap to democracy.”

Suu Kyi’s party has not yet committed itself to taking part in the polls because it claims the new constitution of 2008 is unfair. It has clauses that would ensure that the military remains the controlling power in government, and would bar Suu Kyi from holding office.

Nyan Win said Wednesday that Suu Kyi said she cannot decide whether her party should take part in elections as long as she is under house arrest.

“Aung San Suu Kyi said she is in no condition to decide whether the NLD should participate in the elections or not as she cannot follow up on her decision if she remains detained,” said Nyan Win.

Suu Kyi’s position does not necessarily rule out her party taking part in the polls, since other party officials could make the decision to contest the election. Nyan Win pointed out that that in 1990 elections, which also were held while she was under house arrest, the National League for Democracy decided to take part in elections during her absence and she supported the party’s decision.

According to Nyan Win, Suu Kyi also said the international community should understand that the elections in Myanmar cannot be considered as similar to those in other countries “as everything has to start from scratch,” without any new parties being approved yet and her own party not yet allowed to reopen its district offices.

Suu Kyi, who has been detained for 14 of the past 20 years, was convicted last August of violating the terms of her previous detention by briefly sheltering an American who swam uninvited to her lakeside home. She was sentenced to 18 months’ house arrest, less three months spent in detention awaiting the end of her trial.


Sixty villages to be relocated for hydropower projects – Salai Han Thar San

Mizzima News: Wed 10 Feb 2010

New Delhi – The Burmese military junta authorities are gearing up to relocate about 60 villages from the site of hydropower projects at the confluence of May Kha and May Likha Rivers, an environment group said.
The Kachin Development Networking Group (KDNG) said that the Asia World Company is constructing houses for villagers to be relocated from the project sites. Villagers have been told to move to this new place soon.

“We have heard that about 100 houses have been built and junta officials have already instructed local residents to move to the new place,” KDNG Chairman Awng Wah told Mizzima.

The Asia World Company built houses for project workers, conducted hydrology tests and other survey works downstream of Irrawaddy in early December 2009. The company built houses at the site near the Kyinkhan Line Ka Zup village.

The relocated villages upstream of hydropower plant projects include Tan Paye, Myit Sone, Kyein Khayan, Dau Pan, Khan Bu among others.

Moreover, Asia World Company, a partner of China Power Investment Corporation (CPI) in the hydropower projects, also built concrete roads in the valley near Tan Paye village and Inn Khai Lwan mountain range, and heavy concrete mixers near Oo Byit village, 13 miles from Myitkyina, capital of Kachin State.

Awng Wah predicted that thousands of Chinese engineers and skilled workers will arrive at the dam sites after the forthcoming Chinese lunar New Year or spring festival.

“The hydropower project is creating a lot of trouble for local villagers and will severely impact the environment and ecology. Worse there is the danger of heavy flooding if the dam collapses. Then the scale of destruction will be terrible,” he added.

Anti-dam activists estimated that about 20 villages between Myit Sone (the river confluence) and Myitkyina besides Myitkyina itself, which is about 27 miles downstream from the dam site, will be inundated if the dam breaks.

Given the potential of such large scale catastrophe, ethnic Kachin organizations in exile as well as the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), which has a ceasefire agreement with the Burmese regime, are protesting against the Myit Sone hydropower project.

“We have been opposing the project for over a year. Our central committee sent the objection letters to the authorities concerned as we continue opposing the project,” a regional development committee member of the KIO in Laiza, Kachin State told Mizzima.

Ethnic Kachin people in exile launched a worldwide campaign against the project on the 49th Kachin Revolution Day which fell on February 5.

The hydropower project comprises five dams on May Kha River and two more dams on May Likha River. It is expected to generate 3,600 MW of electricity

The hydropower implementation department under the No. 1 Electric Power Ministry and the Chinese firm CPI concluded an agreement to build seven hydropower projects including Myit Sone. The expected total generation from these projects is 13,360 MW, the state owned ‘New Light of Myanmar’ reported in May 2007.

Six other hydropower projects are Chi Bwe (2,000 MW), Pa Shi (1,600 MW), Lar Kin (1,400 MW), Phi Zaw (1,500 MW), Khaung Galan Phu (1,700 MW) and Lai Zar (1,560 MW).

This is the biggest ever hydropower project in Burma. The second largest project is the Tahsan Dam project in Shan State with an installed capacity of 7,100 MW.

Though the precise investment in the Myit Sone project is not known, it could touch about USD 3.6 billion. The power generated is likely to be sold to China and has the potential of earning USD 500 million every year, according to a report prepared by the KNDG and released in October 2007.

The World Commission on Dams estimates that 40 to 80 million people have been relocated due to dam projects worldwide.

River Irrawaddy with two main tributaries called May Kha and May Likha, which originate from the Himalayan mountain range, is the main waterway in Burma and is about 1,450 miles long. The endangered Irrawaddy dolphins can be seen in this river.


Facing rampant inflation, Myanmar turns to bartering – Aung Hla Tun

Reuters: Wed 10 Feb 2010

Yangon – Faced with a shortage of small banknotes, people in Myanmar are resorting to bartering cigarettes, shampoo and other items.
The bartering illustrates the effects of sanctions on one of the world’s most isolated, repressive countries, along with surging inflation and the military junta’s curious decision to stop printing small notes, experts say.

“How shall I give it to you? You want coffee-mix, cigarettes, tissues, sweets or what?”

That question is heard often in shops and restaurants in the former Burma, where coins and small notes disappeared years ago and other notes have now started to follow suit.

State banks were main source of small notes for shop-owners, but they stopped issuing new currency several years ago. Today, beggars who collect money on the street now provide shops with the bulk of their small notes, often in return for food.

Rampant inflation also plays a role. Consumer prices rose by an average 24 percent a year between 2005 and 2008, according to the Asian Development Bank. That has taken a toll on Myanmar’s currency, the kyat.

Officially, the kyat is pegged at 5.5 per dollar. But it fetches nowhere near that, trading instead at about 1,000 per dollar. The cost of printing small notes is now far more expensive than the face value of the notes themselves.

A Yangon government high school teacher said most of her pupils had never even seen coins or small notes.

SWEET CURRENCIES

In the commercial capital, Yangon, 100 kyat (around 10 U.S. cents) is worth a sachet of coffee-mix or a small container of shampoo. Tissue packets or a cigarette or sweets are the equivalent of 50 kyat.

“The shopkeeper gave me three sweets for change of 150 kyat when I bought a bottle of cough mixture last week,” said Ba Aye, a Yangon taxi driver.

“When I told her that sweets would make my cough worse, she offered me a Thai-made gas lighter. When I said ‘I don’t smoke’, she then asked me to accept three packets of tissues that would be useful for my runny nose.”

General-store owner Daw Khin Aye said most of her customers preferred small items like sweets to notes.

“The small notes that are in circulation are in very bad shape — worn out, torn, stained, dirty and in most cases stuck with tape,” she said.

In Sittwe, the capital of western Rakhine State, teashop owners manufacture their own coupons to use as currency.

“It’s far more convenient to use these self-circulated notes instead of small items,” teashop owner Ko Aung Khine said.

“But you need to make sure coupons can’t be forged. Mostly we use a computer to print it with the name of the shop, face value and signature of the shop owner,” he added.

Officially there are 13 denominations of notes in circulation — starting from 50 pya (one cent) up to 5,000 kyat. But only the three big notes (200, 500 and 1,000 kyat) are common. The rest are growing scarcer by the month.

“So far as I know, they print only 1,000 kyat notes now,” said a retired economist from Yangon University. “The cost of printing is far higher than the face value of most small notes… so they now print just the biggest ones.”

How much money is in circulation is anyone’s guess. Myanmar has not publicly released money supply data since 1996-97, when it put the value at 179.82 billion kyat.

Asked by Reuters for the latest figure, a senior government official replied: “We cannot tell you. It’s a state secret.”


Elections mean nothing to Myanmar’s ethnic armies

Reuters: Wed 10 Feb 2010

Loi Tai Leng, Myanmar – Whether the country is ruled by brutal military dictators or democratically elected civilians, rebels who control this jungle enclave have made one thing very clear: they want nothing to do with Myanmar.
The country once known as Burma is preparing for its first elections in 20 years, the final step in a democratic “road map” it says will end almost half a century of unbroken army rule.

But the ethnic groups who have fought for more than 50 years to defend this mountainous region sandwiched between Thailand and China have little interest in the political process.

Myanmar, they say, has never been their country.

“We are Shan, we are not Burmese. We have a different language, a different culture,” said Yawdmuang, the Shan State army’s foreign affairs chief.

“We will not participate in elections — they are their elections,” he said.

The views of this group are echoed by other ethnic armies in Myanmar, which have also resisted the military regime’s demands to disarm, transfer their fighters to a government-run Border Guard Force (BGF) and join the political process.

The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), as the junta calls itself, has failed to assert its control over the ethnic groups but wants to claim the entire country is behind its elections, a date for which has not yet been set.

The polls have already been derided as a sham by critics. They say the generals, who ignored the result of the 1990 elections, will continue to wield power from behind the scenes.

But after years of bloody conflict and deep distrust, the junta’s pledges of autonomy in return for their cooperation ring hollow and have cut little ice among these ethnic groups.

“We cannot work with the SPDC, we are their enemies,” Yawdmuang said. “We are prepared to talk but the SPDC cannot accept our proposal. They say we must lay down our weapons, nothing else.”

Huge crowds of Shan people gathered on a remote mountain plateau to watch well-trained and disciplined troops celebrate the state’s 63rd National Day on February 7 with a parade of pomp and military might to rival the junta’s vast “Tatmadaw” armed forces.

ALL-OUT CONFLICT

The Shan accept their refusal to play ball with Myanmar’s stubborn generals could lead to an all-out conflict with the Tatmadaw, which has so far convinced, or forced, six smaller armed groups to join their BGF.

Compared with mainstream Myanmar people, the Shan say they have their freedom and enjoy their self-sufficient existence, trading with other groups and neighboring countries and running their own communities with farms, schools, and hospitals.

They are not prepared to give that up.

“We’ve been fighting for our independence for more than 50 years and we won’t stop until we win,” said Lieutenant-General Yawd Serk, the long-serving chief of the Shan State Army (SSA).

“We will try to negotiate. But if this fails, we have no other option than to settle this with military means.”

Analysts and diplomats say the biggest hurdle preventing the junta from seizing control is the neighboring United Wa State Army, a battle-hardened force dismissed as warlords and drugs barons by the United States.

Once backed by China, the Wa has an estimated 36,000 troops with arms funded by revenues generated from the sale of opium used to make heroin. Analysts say a conflict with the Wa, whose territory borders Myanmar’s key economic ally, China, could be protracted and bloody and would spark a refugee crisis.

The Wa have long been in conflict with other ethnic groups but with the junta’s mooted February 28 disarmament deadline approaching, the far smaller SSA now faces a big dilemma.

Despite its strict anti-narcotics stance, it realizes it needs to bury the hatchet and form an alliance with the Wa — or face the full force of the Myanmar army alone.

“The junta is their enemy, it is our enemy and to survive against them, we must have unity,” Yawdmuang said.

“Our aims are the same, we can work together. We can let bygones be bygones if the Wa accept our anti-narcotics policy.

“But if they don’t accept it, we cannot have unity,” he said.

(Writing by Martin Petty in Bangkok; Editing by Jason Szep)


At her Thai border clinic, Cynthia Maung treats victims of war from her native Burma – Tibor Krausz

Christian Science Monitor: Tue 9 Feb 2010

Dr. Cynthia Maung escaped from Burma two decades ago and now trains others at her clinic in Thailand to help refugees from the violence in her homeland. Mae Sot, Thailand – After two decades, the ramshackle scrap-wood hut here that Cynthia Maung turned into a temporary clinic for destitute refugees is still in use.

She found shelter in the Thai border town of Mae Sot herself as a refugee in 1989, following the Burmese junta’s brutal crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations the previous year. She’d fled through land-mine-infested jungles from the region of eastern Burma (Myanmar) where she’d worked as a village doctor among the indigent hill tribes.

Appalled by the misery of impoverished Burmese exiles in Thailand, Dr. Maung set up a free clinic for them. She scrounged medicine from foreign aid agencies and used a rice cooker to sterilize her instruments in boiling water.

She expected to go home within months.

Twenty years later, like hundreds of thousands of other Burmese migrants, Maung remains illegally in Thailand, living within sight of a homeland to which she can’t return.

Yet she hasn’t been idle. Her former clinic now houses volunteer medics and stands beside several concrete-block buildings with corrugated iron roofs in the self-contained leafy squatters’ village that has grown up around it.

Her Mae Tao Clinic today boasts a trauma unit, a laboratory, and several patient wards, where emaciated men and women lie wrapped in their longyis, or Burmese sarongs, on simple wooden trestles covered with linoleum and bamboo mats. Relatives hold vigils by their sides, performing simpler nursing duties.

The conditions may not be ideal, yet Maung’s clinic saves lives and limbs daily by providing treatment to those who couldn’t get it anywhere else. “People come here with a lot of pain and suffering,” she says. “Some of them arrive on their last legs in search of help.”

“Dr. Cynthia,” as the ethnic Karen physician is known here, is an unassuming woman who shuns jewelry and cosmetics, even the beige ground-bark paste that Burmese women smear on their cheeks. Dressed simply without a white coat or stethoscope, she mingles among patients with casual familiarity. A mother of four, she lives at the clinic with her family. She has adopted two of her children from its Bamboo Children’s Home orphanage.

“In 20 years here, we still haven’t been able to register the clinic” with the government, Maung notes. She adds wryly: “But at least we have regular electricity.”

In Burma, even that wouldn’t be a given. Ruled by an iron-fisted military regime, the country is among the world’s poorest nations, ranked by the World Health Organization as next to last among all nations in the availability of healthcare.

In isolated rural areas, where the annual per capita income is $200, disease and malnutrition are endemic. Burma’s infant mortality rate is the highest in Asia, and 1 in every 5 children that survive birth die within a few years.

At Maung’s health center, tens of thousands of the neediest – acutely ill people, single mothers, children – receive treatment free of charge each year. Her staff consists largely of Burmese civilians trained as medics by volunteer physicians.


Transform to peoples militia or face action; junta to SSA – Myo Gyi

Mizzima News: Tue 9 Feb 2010

Ruili – In a major development the Burmese military junta has delivered an ultimatum to the Shan State Army (SSA) on February 6 to either respond to the Border Guard Force (BGF) issue by the end of this month or face military action, an observer said.A junta delegation led by Military Affairs Security (MAS) Chief Lt. Gen. Ye Myint met a SSA delegation in Lashio, northern Shan State and made this observation, Sino-Burma border based military observer Aung Kyaw Zaw told Mizzima.

“The Shan delegation met Bo Ye Myint in Lashio on February 6. The Shan delegation was led by Chairman Lwe Maung and Vice Chairman Kai Hpa. The discussion on transforming Shan forces to a People’s Militia failed. Using strong words Bo Ye Myint asked them to accept the junta’s proposal by the end of February or face military action,” he said.

After being told by the regime to convert their forces into the People’s Militia, SSA Commanding Officers (CO) met in December last year. But there was no outcome. The Wan Haing based 1st Brigade and other battalions and units did not accept the proposal, a local resident close to SSA said.

The SSA told the junta about its own proposal to form a People’s Militia with 300 personnel but the junta turned it down.

During discussions for a ceasefire agreement with the junta in September 1989, SSA leader Gen. Hsay Htin agreed with the regime to discuss political issues with a future government only.

The SSA headquarter is based in Hsipaw Township in northern Shan State.

The military regime charged SSA Gen. Hsay Htin with many cases including high treason and sentenced him to 106-years in prison in November 2005.


UN report on Burma’s recovery from 2008 Cyclone points to progress in key areas – Ron Corben

Voice of America: Tue 9 Feb 2010

A United Nations report on Burma’s recovery from Cyclone Nargis says progress has been achieved in key areas such as child development and health care. But communities in the Irrawaddy Delta still struggle to sustain their livelihoods and rebuild homes lost in the 2008 storm.The report issued Tuesday provides an upbeat assessment of recovery in the Irrawaddy Delta less than two years after Cyclone Nargis swept through the region in May 2008.

Cyclone Nargis left up to 140,000 people dead or missing. Over two million people were affected by the storm. Total losses were estimated at over $4 billion.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Burma’s military government and the United Nations formed the Tripartite Core Group shortly after the storm to assess and coordinate the recovery effort.

The group’s latest survey covered 1,400 households, and particularly focused on the most vulnerable, such as landless families and those headed by women.

The survey reported improvements in child mortality, and child nutrition, as well as greater access to health care and clean water.

Esben Harboe, a special assistant in the office of the U.N.’s resident coordinator in Burma, says the survey shows despite the gains, there is still much to do.

“The key message is progress is evident but there’s still a lot more to do in terms of recovery and especially within two areas, which is [are] livelihood and shelter. These are the areas where the respondents in the survey said that they still need assistance,” said Harboe.

The survey found that 50 percent of the shelters surveyed were judged to be safe, but over 80 percent of surveyed households considered their homes to be of poorer quality than before the cyclone.

Harboe says the delta region still faces challenges because of its lack of development and poverty. Burma is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia.

“It’s very positive we can record improvements within a number of areas but there’s still – even it is back to a pre-Nargis situation – pre-Nargis it was very bad. So it’s not to say that there’s nothing more to do even if it’s back to normal so to speak,” said Harboe.

A reconstruction plan by the United Nations, ASEAN and Burma’s military government has called for $690 million in aid. Aid workers have also say that additional international funds will be needed to fully rebuild Irrawaddy Delta communities.

Burma’s isolated military government originally refused and blocked most foreign aid after the massive cyclone. It took the intervention of the United Nations and ASEAN to persuade the military to allow in foreign aid workers and donated supplies.

‘Burma VJ’ wins Mumbai prize – Naman Ramachandran
Variety (US): Tue 9 Feb 2010

Anders Ostergaard’s “Burma VJ — Reporting from a Closed Country” won best film at the 11th Mumbai Film Festival of Documentary, Animation and Short Films, which wrapped Tuesday.The docu tells the story of the 2007 pro-democracy protests in Myanmar using smuggled amateur video footage.

Russian helmer Alexander Gutman’s “August 17″ won the Golden Conch for docu. The pic looks at Boris Bezotechestvo, who was sentenced to life imprisonment and kept in a small prison cell with a limited view from the window. The jury praised the film’s “rigorous, transformative treatment of the unlimited human spirit in an extremely limited space.”

Ritu Sarin and Sonam Tenzing’s docu “The Sun Behind the Clouds” won the Silver Conch for “upholding the spirit of liberty and maintaining a sense of balance while bringing about different perspectives within the Tibetan struggle.”

“The Spell,” directed by Umesh Kulkarni, was judged the best fiction film while Sanjay Jangir’s “Wait and Path” won the Golden Conch for animation film.


Myanmar authorities hinder disaster-relief projects

Monster and Critics via Deustche Presse Agentur: Mon 8 Feb 2010

Yangon – Myanmar authorities have slowed recovery programs for areas hit by Cyclone Nargis in the Irrawaddy Delta, by delaying visas and travel permits to aid workers, media reports said Sunday.William Sabandar, the head of Nargis relief operations in Myanmar, said timely processing government documents was critical for recovery projects under the 2008 Prioritised Action Plan (PONREPP).

‘I hope these issues can be resolved very soon because if (visas and permits) continue to be delayed, projects under the PONREPP will be delayed,’ he told The Myanmar Times.

On May 2-3, 2008, Cyclone Nargis inundated the Irrawaddy Delta with tidal waves and left up to 140,000 people dead or missing.

The disaster sparked outrage at Myanmar’s paranoid ruling junta, which was reluctant to allow foreign aid and aid workers into the devastated area.

An action plan was finally established between the government, United Nations and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) for emergency and recovery efforts.

But 20 months later, problems with access to the affected area remain, according to Sabandar.

The third post-Nargis periodic review will be held on February 9 in Yangon.

International donors pledged 90.4 million dollars for recovery projects at the previous conference held in Bangkok on November 25.

Of the total pledged, 71.3 million has been spent, but more money is needed, Sabandar said.

‘More funding is needed for the shelter sector and I urge donors who have not allocated their funding to allocate that sector,’ he said.

‘ASEAN is engaging with the government to ensure an effective coordination between recovery activities and longer-term development programs,’ Sabandar told The Myanmar Times.


Australia to increase aid to Burma

BBC News: Mon 8 Feb 2010

Australia is to increase humanitarian aid to Burma to help the country to be ready for political change, Australia’s foreign minister has said.Stephen Smith said Burma could not be allowed to decay “to the ultimate disadvantage of its people”.

He said the increase was in line with US policy, which calls for engagement with Burma as well as sanctions.

But Mr Smith said the pledge was not to reward Burma’s generals for their plans to hold elections later this year.

“Burma’s capacity cannot be allowed to completely atrophy to the ultimate disadvantage and cost of its people,” said Mr Smith, in a statement to parliament.

“The international community needs to start the rebuilding now.”

The humanitarian aid will increase from A$30m ($26m; £16.7m) this financial year to around A$50m next year, a rise of some 40%.

‘Significant change’

Mr Smith said the increase was “not a reward for Burma’s military, but a recognition of the immense task faced by current and future generations of Burmese”.

He said Australia had “long been appalled both by the Burmese military suppression of the democratic aspirations of the Burmese people and by its disrespect for their human rights”.

“Until we see significant change from Burma’s authorities, Australia will maintain a policy of targeted financial sanctions.”

Australia imposes travel restrictions on senior Burmese military figures and has had a ban on defence exports to the country since pro-democracy protests were crushed in 1988.

Last year, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that sanctions alone had not succeeded in bringing political change to Burma and that the White House was seeking to engage with the generals.

Burma’s government is planning elections for later this year.

They will be the first since 1990, when the military refused to recognise the landslide victory of the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD).

Pro-democracy leader and NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi is currently under house arrest and is not expected to be released in time to take part.


The case for China’s intervention in Burma – Min Zin
Irrawaddy: Mon 8 Feb 2010

In the aftermath of Burma’s 2007 “Saffron Revolution” and the military’s subsequent crackdown, China has been increasingly pressured to assume a larger role in helping to resolve Burma’s crisis.A gathering cloud of myth however, has formed with regard to Beijing’s policy on Burma, indicating that China has limited sway with the military junta’s generals and that Burmese activists and their advocates in the West overestimated China’s influence on the generals.

This view is simply wrong or, at worst, Chinese propaganda. Of course China has more power and influence on the generals than any other country. The question is whether the Chinese Communist government wants to use its leverage to facilitate change in Burma. It does not mean that China is the patron that pulls the strings, and the self-isolated, delusive Burmese regime is its puppet.

The generals are highly aware of China’s overwhelming strategic weight over Burma and appear eager to diversify and reduce its dependence on China since the mid-1990s. The junta may manage to reduce its military and economic over-reliance on China, but China’s political and diplomatic protection remains indispensable to the regime’s survival. Moreover, China’s influence over the ethnic cease-fire groups in northeastern Burma that borders China’s southwestern province could complicate relations between two countries.

If Beijing chose an uncooperative policy toward Burma in the latter’s handling of its ethnic groups, the regime’s state-building effort would face a serious hurdle. Therefore, the regime has no choice (no matter whether its intentions indicate otherwise) but to rely on China for political and diplomatic protection and cooperation. In other words, Burma’s dependency on China is the consequence––by default––of the junta’s struggle for survival rather than its stated intentions, such as nationalism and Sinophobia.

Therefore, China has leverage not only in terms of its provision of carrots, but also in terms of the sticks it can wield to hurt the regime. But China has not used its stick to poke the generals toward change at least for two reasons: first, China does not want Western-style democratization on its southern flank; and second, Beijing does not want to be seen as a “threat” to its neighbors.

Although China wants to see economic reform taking place in Burma, China has almost no sympathy for Burma’s democratic crusade and its advocates; Beijing considers them too close to the West. China does not have confidence in the opposition’s capacity to maintain stability in the divisive nation. And more importantly, China has also gained unrivaled economic advantages by supporting the pariah regime.

The second reason for not using its leverage is related to China’s geopolitical strategy that aims to undermine the feasibility and desirability of a US policy of containment mainly by forging solid working relations with its smaller neighbors and other major powers.

While China continued its program of economic and military modernization through the 1990s, it wants to minimize the risk that others, most notably the member-states of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (Asean), will view China as an unacceptably dangerous threat which must be parried or perhaps even forestalled.

If China continued to meddle in Burma’s affairs in the 1990s the way it backed Burmese communist insurgents in the late 1960s and 1970s, it would stir grave concerns in Asean. China would be viewed as a bully.

These concerns would coincide with the current South China Sea dispute between China and some Asean members over territorial claims and resources. China’s leaders have decided to follow Deng Xiaoping’s cryptic instruction: “Hide our capacities and bide our time, but also get some things done.” (tao guang yang hui you suo zuo hui). China has adopted an opportunistic foreign policy of maintaining relations with any government that would remain friendly to China and serve China’s security and economic interests, irrespective of that government’s propensity for reform.

However, this policy of self-serving pragmatism appears to be more and more untenable for at least two reasons. First, it puts China in a difficult dilemma whenever the Burmese regime faces serious vulnerability in domestic power shifts. For instance, Beijing found itself in policy confusion when the opposition National League for Democracy won a landslide victory in the 1990 multi-party elections.

During the Buddhist monk-led protests in 2007, China similarly faced an uneasy situation. Since former Prime Minister Khin Nyunt, who China viewed as “Burma’s Musharraf,” was purged in 2004, China has felt itself losing its grip on the regime’s power establishment and has become increasingly frustrated with Snr-Gen Than Shwe’s manipulative foreign policy.

In the wake of Khin Nyunt’s fall from grace, Than Shwe visited India and agreed to the latter’s bid for a UN Security Council seat. He later backtracked on that policy. The junta chief also reached out to Russia and North Korea, another gesture that irritated the Chinese. To top it off, Burma recently chose to buy a fleet of Russian MiG-29 fighter jets, despite China’s offer to sell its latest J-10 and FC-1 fighters at a bargain price.

While Beijing’s communist bureaucrats may be able to remain indifferent to the casualties of Burma’s “Saffron Revolution,” they cannot underestimate the high stakes resulting from the Burmese army’s attacks on ethnic cease-fire groups along its border. The Burmese junta’s recent military offensive against the Han-blooded Kokang resulted in a massive influx of refugees into China.

Indeed, the policy of “contained Balkanization” in Burma could lead to a resumption of localized armed conflicts between certain ethnic cease-fire groups and the Burmese army. Since the most volatile areas are around the Sino-Burmese border, where formidable Wa and Kachin ethnic armies are based, China is likely to face increased instability in its southwest and consequential disruptions of its economic and strategic interests.

The risk is imminent and urgent because the regime has set 2010 as an election year and has to impose a deadline on cease-fire groups joining the Burmese army’s Border Guard Forces.

The military’s abusive dealings with the pro-democracy opposition and ethnic groups have also drawn China into the international spotlight; its opportunistic foreign policy toward Burma has been challenged in the international arena.

This is the second reason why the policy is increasingly unsustainable. Burma has become a source of embarrassment for the Chinese leadership who would prefer to avoid being constantly associated with the brutal dictators in neighboring Burma.

According to Chinese sources, after the “Saffron Revolution” erupted in September 2007, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao contacted US President George W. Bush, Japanese Prime Minister Fukuda Yasuo and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown by phone to discuss the situation and which measures to take. China eventually agreed to the issuance of a UNSC Presidential Statement in October 2007, and its usage of the expression “strongly deplores the use of violence against peaceful demonstrations in Myanmar.” China facilitated UN Envoy for Burma Ibrahim Gambari’s first visit to Rangoon. In short, China’s new role in the international system obliges the country to reexamine its purely opportunistic foreign policy.

While low-key foreign policy does not influence the events taking place a few kilometers across China’s border, such as the junta’s attack on the Kokang, Beijing has resolved to review its foreign policy. Sources confirm that China has now set up a “Fact-finding Commission” on last year’s Kokang conflict and its impact on China.

If Beijing manages to facilitate a genuine reconciliation in Burma, it will serve China’s interest.

Some may argue that there are two disincentives for China to modify its current policy. First, the junta may retaliate by disrupting economic cooperation with China (for instance, the gas pipeline deal). The second factor would be with respect to Washington’s new policy toward the junta.

The first option would be suicidal for Than Shwe since his regime can’t afford the return of a late 1960s scenario in Sino-Burmese relations. And the second factor is a grave concern among China’s policy elites.

Dr. Jian Junbo from the influential Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai, warned in his Asia Times’ article in 2009 that “the US should recognize the fact that China is an important actor in Southeast Asia when it plans its engagement policy in Myanmar, and the US would face great difficulty if it tried to exclude China from its new Myanmar policy.”

It is unlikely Asean will object to China’s initiative for change in Burma, since the grouping has been disillusioned with its constructive engagement policy to tame the junta, while the relationship between Asean and China has been increasingly strengthened since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.

Sen. Jim Webb’s “China’s threat” view and “containment approach” worry the Chinese. In fact, Webb’s alarmist view that states that China’s increasing economic and political influence in Burma could further “a dangerous strategic imbalance in the region” has fallen neatly into the manipulative hands of Than Shwe; he now wants to use his US card to scare the Chinese.

If the highest level leaders of US and Asean make it clear to China that they will coordinate with Beijing to facilitate change in Burma, aiming for minimalist goals which do not radically upset the interests of Naypyidaw and Beijing, China would likely take on the role of working toward national reconciliation in Burma (in more concrete terms, the removal of Than Shwe if the latter resisted.)

If this goal cannot be achieved with persuasion, China may use sticks such as abstention in UNSC or support the status quo (i.e. encouraging ethnic cease-fire groups to resist the Burmese army) as the best fallback policy option. To that end, the US must make the first move: to liaise with China. It will perhaps best serve a common interest and workable task for both countries to refresh the tension-ridden Sino-US relationship which has spiked over the recent sale of US arms to Taiwan, friction over trade, the Dalai Lama and allegations of cyber-spying.

* Min Zin is a Burmese journalist in exile and a teaching fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Journalism.
 
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#740 From: Goldy George <goldymgeorge10@...>
Date: Thu Feb 18, 2010 4:06 am
Subject: Introducing my friend Biji Mathew - Lawyer at Supreme Court New Delhi
goldymgeorge10@...
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Dear friend/s,

Warm & Seasonal Greetings!

I wish to introduce you to my old friend Mr. Biji Mathew. Some of you might know him for some time. Professionally he is a lawyer, who has recently shifted to the Supreme Court in Delhi. He had fought several historical cases in Kerala High Court, which are taken as reference even today by many courts. He had been one of the young brilliant and dashing lawyers of the Kerala High Court who had fought several landmark legal battles of Dalits, Adivasis and working class which is accepted as some of the best fought legal battles by experts. Spanning a carrier of nearly 16 years as a professional lawyer, he has ample experience and is an expert of human rights, environmental, labour rights as well as criminal and constitutional matters.

 

Many of us know him as a wonderful friend and close comrade in many of our pressing time. Since he has shifted to New Delhi and has begun practicing, I would refer you to get in touch with him for any kind of legal advice and consultation. I strongly recommend the various Civil Society Organizations such as NGOs, INGOs, Trade Unions, People’s Organizations, CSOs, etc. to take his advice and consultation. He could be contacted as per the details below.

 

Mr. Biji Mathew

Advocate

Supreme Court

102, New lawyers' Chambers,

Supreme Court of India,

Bhagwan Das Road,

New Delhi -110001

Mob- +91 9968660093

Ph +91 1123070023

email- advbiji@...

 

Res:

G-10, 2nd  Floor,

Green Park Main,

New Delhi-110016

Ph +91 11 26536513

 

Hope that this finds you all in good health and cheers.

 

Thanks and regards

 

Goldy


PS: Please forward it to friends on your list, as they may require the service of a lawyer.



#741 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Thu Feb 18, 2010 9:03 am
Subject: [FaithPeace] Re-sending Faith and Peace newsletter with corrected link
piapi
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February 2010

Doctrine Divides, Action Unites

 
 
 ۩ Home Page
 ۩ School of Peace
 ۩ Faith and Peace Archives
 ۩ Photos and events
 ۩ Who are we

 

Contents


Education, Rights and the Future
Saw Eh Doe Doh Moo
This story is a product of fact and fiction—the writer’s experiences as a teacher in Burma and the author’s imagination. Through the life of Wah Wah, the passion for learning in the midst of rural poverty and the repression of a military dictatorship shines brightly.
[Read more]


Settling the ‘Infidels’ Question in Islam
Maher Y. Abu-Munshar
The author emphasizes in this article that verses from the Qur’an that are used to justify violence should be read and understood in the context in which they were originally written and that readers of the Qur’an must distinguish between verses meant for a specific historical incident and the universal message of Islam’s holy book of tolerance and peace among all people. [Read more]


Remembering a Non-violent Dream
Jan. 15 is the birthday of U.S. civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and has been celebrated in the United States as a public holiday since 1986 on the third Monday of the month. This tribute to King is offered by Every Church a Peace Church (ECAPC) in Atlanta, Georgia. [Read more]


‘Democracy Demands Loving Community’
Melanie Zuercher
Among the hundreds, if not thousands, of commemorations of the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. across the United States in mid-January was a special event held at Bethel College in Newton, Kansas (Bethel is the college where ICF coordinator Max Ediger earned his degree). The commemoration at Bethel was special this year as it had been 50 years since King had spoken at the college in January 1960 about the future of racial integration in the country. A student at the time had recorded the speech, and it was publicly replayed for the first time.

Vincent Harding, chairman of the Veterans of Hope Project: A Center for the Study of Religion and Democratic Renewal at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, spoke at Bethel’s commemoration of King’s life. Harding, an African-American, had first met King in 1958 when he and four others drove from Chicago to the South to explore interracial cooperation in the most segregated part of the country. This article from the Bethel College website shares some of Harding’s thoughts during his visit to the college. [Read more]


ICF Drama Workshop on Playback Theater and the Theater of the Oppressed
Paddy Noble
This drama workshop was the first of six workshops that ICF held in 2009. Paddy Noble notes in this reflection that the workshop in India focused on ways to utilize drama to transform societies in conflict. Before doing so though, an inward journey is important. [Read more]

 

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#742 From: Goldy George <goldymgeorge10@...>
Date: Wed Feb 24, 2010 11:24 am
Subject: Condolence
goldymgeorge10@...
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Dear Jerome,

It was disheartening to hear about your mother's demise. I feel sorry for the same. I know how difficult is it to loose our near ones. I feel more sorry for you as I understand that she was very dear to you as all of us. I would like to thank her for bringing a wonderful person in you to earth. I don't know how to console you at this hour. I pray for your mother's soul to rest in peace and join you and your family in this sorrowful hour.

May God help you and your family to come out of this crisis situation. 

Lots of prayers, love and regards
Goldy

#743 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Tue Mar 2, 2010 9:53 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 2/3/10
piapi
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  1. Suu Kyi to seek special appeal
  2. 70 percent of Burma property goes to junta cronies
  3. Privatization? What privatization?
  4. Aung San Suu Kyi must be released immediately
  5. Nobel laureates to host international tribunal on crimes against women of Burma
  6. NLD CEC approves 100 CC members
  7. Little hope for Burma’s political prisoners
  8. ‘Our movement is unique for women from Burma’
  9. Myanmar troops commit atrocities
  10. Inhospitality
  11. For sex workers, a life of risks
  12. Fair labour rights in Myanmar benchmark for country’s 2010 elections
  13. Than Shwe, the progressive
  14. Pioneering women village heads targeted for systematic abuse by junta’s troops
  15. Junta to raise salaries of government employees
  16. Burma’s Kachin army prepares for civil war
  17. Burma plans crackdown on monks as election nears
  18. Junta bans reporting Quintana’s comments
  19. New forced labour tactics adopted in Arakan
  20. UN empty-handed again from Myanmar visit
  21. UN examines mistreatment of Muslims in Myanmar
  22. For Rohingya in Bangladesh, no place is home
  23. Myanmar’s Rohingyas – who are they?


Suu Kyi to seek special appeal – Ahunt Phone Myat
Democratic Voice of Burma: Mon 1 Mar 2010

Burma opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is to take a special appeal over her house arrest to Burma’s supreme court after it was last week rejected.Her lawyers said that the new appeal would go through two stages: acceptance by the court, and then a final presentation by lawyers at the court.

Analysts have said the appeal will effectively be made to junta chief Than Shwe, who is seen as the main architect behind her sentencing. Courts in Burma have been criticised as puppets of the government.

“There will be two judges deciding on [he acceptance] and we [lawyers] are to make an argument statement before them,” said lawyer Nyan Win.

“If they accept it, the appeal will be heard before three judges in [the capital] Naypyidaw. This is the current [legal] system procedure.”

Nyan Win said that judges last Friday only read out the ruling that rejected the previous appeal, but did not give any reasons for why it was rejected.

Suu Kyi has said that last year’s 18-month extension of her house arrest, and the new conditions placed on her house arrest, is unjust. Critics of the ruling junta have said the detention is a ploy to keep her locked up during elections, scheduled for later this year.

International leaders, including UK prime minister Gordon Brown and UN chief Ban Ki-moon, have condemned the rejection last week.

“I welcome the denouncing, because Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is not guilty in this case,” Nyan Win said.

He added that lawyers will meet with Suu Kyi to discuss the special appeal, and are looking to get a copy of the verdict to see why it was rejected.



70 percent of Burma property goes to junta cronies – Ahunt Phone Myat
Democratic Voice of Burma: Mon 1 Mar 2010

Around 70 percent of property in Burma auctioned off to private enterprise in recent months has ended up in the hands of cronies of the ruling junta.The Burmese government recently announced the sale of 115 national properties, including major shipping ports and airports. The majority of the remaining 30 percent of property has gone to foreign companies.

Rumours are circulating that the Rangoon Ministers’ Office, where independence hero Aung San was assassinated in 1947, has been sold to a foreign company, although it is not known whom.

A businessman in Rangoon said that local companies not close to the government can only bid for small properties which are unlikely to generate much revenue.

“[The junta] took the [promising properties] off the bidding list. Those are only opened for the big guys and foreign companies but it is impossible for an ordinary business owner to enter the bid,” he said.

“The big companies are not only close [to the ruling generals]; in fact [the generals] also owned shares in these companies. So there is nothing we can do.”

He added that authorities are selling bidding forms for 25,000 kyat ($US25) for each property. Among those being auctioned off are formerly private-owned properties nationalised by the Ne Win government in 1964.

An economist said that the current government was privatizing industry to show that Burma is heading towards a market economy. In reality, however, this will leave nothing for the country when a next [elected] civilian government comes to power.

“The international community and those who don’t have the technical knowledge may think the government is now carrying out the privatisation process in favour of private businesses,” he said.

“At least those properties that were nationalised could be regarded as belonging to the public, but now they are completely in the hands of the companies close to the government.”



Privatization? What privatization? – Yeni
Irrawaddy: Mon 1 Mar 2010

Residents of Mogok, the center of Burma’s gems industry, have been in a panic recently. Since last week, earth-movers and other heavy equipment have begun appearing in the town’s residential neighborhoods.This follows an earlier survey of the area carried out by local officials, the Ministry of Mines and two private companies—Htoo Trading Co, Ltd, owned by junta crony Tay Za, and Ruby Dragon Jade & Gems Co, Ltd, which counts a number of high-ranking generals among its shareholders.

“We are very worried now that our houses and land will be confiscated,” said one man living in Mogok, located some 200 km northeast of Mandalay in the “Valley of Rubies”—a land famous since ancient times for its gemstones, especially its rare pigeon’s blood rubies and blue sapphires.

This is “privatization,” Burmese-stye, in action. And it is going on all over the country these days, as the ruling junta counts down to the election that will, at least nominally, end their total control of one of the world’s most resource-rich yet woefully underdeveloped economies.

What is happening in Mogok—where the generals and their close associates are laying claim to anything worth owning—is also taking place everywhere else. From gas stations to hydropower plants, cinemas to telecommunications companies, factories and warehouses to airlines—everything is up for grabs.

This would be welcome news if it were a sign that the regime is finally getting around to the economic reforms it has been promising for the past two decades. Unfortunately, however, that isn’t the case. What we are actually witnessing is the formal transfer of the nation’s wealth into the hands of an entrenched elite who, until now, have been able to simply take whatever they want without having to worry about rival claims.

After the election, things won’t be quite that simple. Although the ruling generals and their “business partners” will continue to hold a commanding position in the economy, when the new Constitution comes into effect, it will mean that, at least in theory, others will also have the right to possess property. That is why they are preemptively buying up everything in sight, before they find themselves actually having to pay a fair price for properties and concessions that they can now get virtually for nothing.

In its recent round of sell-offs, the regime has not invited public tendering or released information about the proceeds from the sales or how non-state ownership will work. Whereas privatization that takes place under more transparent circumstances usually benefits the public, resulting in lower prices, improved quality, more choices, less corruption, less red tape and quicker delivery, in the case of Burma, the country’s people will once again be the biggest losers.

Since 1989, the ruling junta has periodically sold off state-owned properties as part of its so-called “open-door” economic policy. But instead of undoing the damage done by former dictator Ne Win’s “Burmese way of socialism,” the regime has merely replaced it with crony capitalism.

Of course, Burma is not alone in practicing this particularly pernicious approach to economic development; nor are well-connected Burmese tycoons the only ones bargain hunting in the country.

While Surin Pitsuwan, the secretary-general of the the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and former foreign minister of Thailand, was defending the 10-member regional bloc’s position on Burma’s upcoming election on BBC’s Hardtalk recently, a group of Thailand-based investors were visiting the country. A few weeks earlier, a similar delegation from Vietnam was also looking at investment opportunities in Burma.

But even if the Burmese regime’s disregard for economic transparency and accountability is hardly unique, there’s no denying that the country’s standards are among the worst in the world.

According to the “2010 Index of Economic Freedom,” a report prepared by the Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, Burma ranks 174th out of 179 countries in the world in terms of economic freedom.

The report identifies a number of factors contributing to Burma’s low ranking, including government interference in economic activities; structural problems such as fiscal deficits; continuing losses by state-owned enterprises; and underdeveloped legal and regulatory frameworks and poor government service. On property rights in Burma, the report states succinctly: “Private real property and intellectual property are not protected.”

What Burma needs now is not self-serving “reforms” by the country’s current rulers, but a return to the rule of law under a democratically elected government. But since the coming election is not likely to deliver real change, the people of Mogok—like the rest of the country’s population—can do no more than stand back and watch as the generals take away what little they have left.



Aung San Suu Kyi must be released immediately; Supreme Court’s decision on her house arrest another travesty of justice
International Federation for Human Rights and Altsean-Burma: Mon 1 Mar 2010

Paris-Bangkok, March 1, 2010. The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma (Altsean-Burma) strongly condemn the decision by Burma to reject Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s appeal against the extension of her house arrest. FIDH and Altsean-Burma consider this latest development as another proof of the regime’s disinterest in engaging in true democratic reform.According to information received, on Friday, February 26, 2010, the Supreme Court of Burma in Rangoon rejected Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s appeal against her house arrest without offering any legal reasoning. Reporters were not allowed in the courtroom. Mr. Nyan Win, Daw Suu Kyi’s lawyer, said he planned to obtain explanation for the verdict and then lodge a special appeal against the decision before Burma’s chief justice. The pro-democracy leader’s appeal has already been rejected once by a lower court in October 2009.

FIDH and Altsean recall that Suu Kyi’s house arrest was lengthened for another 18 months in August 2009 when she was arbitrarily convicted with breaching the terms of her house arrest after an uninvited American man swam across a lake to her house and stayed for two nights. The initial ruling has been widely denounced as illegitimate and the trial was considered a sham. Daw Suu Kyi’s conviction effectively denies her participation in the general election planned for the fall of this year.

FIDH and Altsean also recall that Friday’s verdict comes a week after the visit to the country of Prof. Tomas Ojea Quintana, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, who said upon his departure that he “deeply regretted” being refused access to Daw Suu Kyi. The regime imprisoned five more dissidents during the visit by the UN special rapporteur.

FIDH and Altsean emphasize that key benchmarks must be met by the Burmese regime in order for the elections to be free, fair, inclusive and, above all, credible. The benchmarks include the release of all political prisoners and prisoners of conscience, including Daw Suu Kyi and members of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and other opposition parties. The regime must also initiate inclusive dialogue with key stakeholders from democracy groups and ethnic nationalities, including a comprehensive review of the 2008 Constitution, and immediately cease systematic human rights abuses and criminal hostilities against ethnic minority groups, some of which may amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes.(1)

“For a long time now, the international community has been unable to deal with the Burmese junta in a coordinated manner. With this decision, some months before the planned elections, the regime, one of the most repressive in the world, shows again that it can take full advantage of the cacophony of the international community. This must stop.” said Souhayr Belhassen, President of FIDH.



Nobel laureates to host international tribunal on crimes against women of Burma
Nobel Women’s Initiative: Mon 1 Mar 2010

On March 2, 2010, Nobel Peace Laureates Shirin Ebadi and Jody Williams will host the International Tribunal on Crimes Against Women of Burma in New York City. This quasi-legal event will feature the compelling testimony—for the first time ever—of 12 women from Burma who have suffered rape, torture and other crimes at the hands of the military junta. A few of these women are colleagues of Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the opposition, still under house arrest.
Below is an excerpt from one of the women, who sent us in advance some of her testimony:
They raped us all without a second thought, until we finally escaped their drunken grasps. News spread quickly throughout my village… The shame I brought to my family, my school, my village was so difficult to bear. I was caned by my teacher in front of the entire school and expelled from my school and community for bringing shame upon it. Left without a home, a school, friends or a family, I was arrested by the police for “defaming” the same soldiers that raped me.

The day after the Tribunal, on March 3, 2010, the ‘judges’ will present their findings and recommendations to the international community—in advance of the Burmese elections this year. The event will also be broadcast live on the internet. See http://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/ for details.

The International Tribunal on Crimes Against Women of Burma:
March 2, 2010: 9 am – 6 pm
Proshansky Auditorium, The Graduate Center
City University of New York
365 Fifth Avenue (at 34th Street)

PRESS CONFERENCE:
March 3, 2010: 10 am – 11 am
The Church Center (across from the United Nations)
777 United Nations Plaza, Drew Room (lower level)
New York NY 10017

For more information, please contact us:
• Rachel Vincent: Mobile: + 1-613-276-9030, rvincent@...
• Kimberley MacKenzie: +1-908-342-0160, kmackenzie@...
• Kieran Bergmann: +1-613-569-8400 ext. 115, kbergmann@...



NLD CEC approves 100 CC members – Phanida
Mizzima News: Fri 26 Feb 2010

Chiang Mai – The Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma today approved 100 members of the new Central Committee (CC).The CEC began the selection and scrutiny of nominees for the CC sent by branches of States and Divisions of the party as of February 22. It approved the finalized list of new CC members today.

The final list has to be sent to the party Chairman U Aung Shwe tomorrow for his approval following which it will be released in the first week of next month, Party Information Department in-charge Khin Maung Swe told Mizzima.

“We finalized the list today and approved 100 nominees as new CC members but we need to seek the approval of our party chairman. The CEC has approved the list,” Khin Maung Swe, who is also a CEC member, said.

The list of CC nominees was submitted to the CEC on February 16 and 17.

The party fixed the number of its CEC and CC members at 20 and 100 to 120 respectively and the number of nominees for the CC was over 100.

A NLD statement said the party Central Committee has been formed to consolidate and strengthen the party and efficiently handle the party’s future plans.

Party functionaries said that they selected nominees on the basis of loyalty to the party, having calibre and capability, staying capacity and serving the party, standing by the principles and policies of the party and from among those against whom no disciplinary action was taken.

There were 80 CC members, when it was first formed in 1990, but most of the CC members were arrested by the regime in 1997 and party activities and party work were crippled, it is learnt.



Little hope for Burma’s political prisoners – Larry Jagan
Mizzima News: Fri 26 Feb 2010

BANGKOK (Mizzima) – The United Nations special rapporteur for human rights in Burma, Tomas Ojea Quintana believes there that the country’s political prisoners will not be freed any time soon. “There seems to be no movement on political prisoners since my last trip [a year ago],” the UN envoy told Mizzima in an interview in Bangkok a few days ago. “In fact the government continues to deny that there are any prisoners of conscience.”At the same time more critics of the government and activists have been imprisoned on spurious charges. And political prioners already in jail mounted protests to coincide with the UN envoys visit.

Scores of prisoners in at least two jails have gone on hunger strike, according to an organistion that monitors the situation of Burma’s political prisoners, and more than seventy in the Buthidaung jail, which Mr Quintana visited during his trip to the west of the country. Tthe regime’s total disregard for the envoy was underlined when five more political activists – a monk and five female activists – were given stiff jail sentences in the middle of his visit.

“There were few positives from the trip,” Mr Quinata told Mizzima, apart from being allowed to visit Northern Rakhine State and meet 15 political prisoners in three different prisons.

“They were not prepared to discuss the forthcoming elections in any detail, though it was clear from my visit that unofficial campaigning has started even though the electoral law has not been published,” he told Mizzima.

The Argentinian lawyer was also frustrated that he was not allowed to see the country’s most famous political prisoner, Aung San Suu Kyi who is currently under house arrest, where she has spent more than 15 of the last 21 years.

“Of course I was disappointed not to meet her, and even though I had made my desire to talk to her about the forthcoming elections, I never expected to be given permission to see her.”

The envoy is scheduled to give a detailed report on Burma’s human rights situation to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva next month from this, his third mission to the country since his appointment two years ago.

“But my mission should not be judged by whether the regime makes any concessions or not,” he said. “It’s a process – and the fact that they allow me to visit and continue the dialogue on human rights is very positive.” Otherwise the envoy seemed very down-beat in his over-all assessment of the trip.

The Argentinian also complained about the Burmese authorities approach to his five-day visit. For one thing, he said, there was never any advance warning of the agenda. “It was a day-to-day programme,” he said. This did not permit him and his team to prepare properly and reduced the effectiveness of his mission, UN sources told Mizzima on condition of anonymity.

There is no doubt though that Mr Quintana’s visit to Rakhine State in western Burma to see for himself the conditions of Burmese Muslims there was a significant concession by the regime. This is the first time a senior UN envoy has been allowed in that region – though the UN country team do have projects and people in the area. He visited both the regional capital Sittwe and Buthidaung in the north of the state — where the worse abuses against Burmese Muslims are alledged to take place.

Perhaps even more significantly he was allowed to be accompanied by the two senior representatives of the International Labour Organization in Rangoon, who are actively involved in checking reports of forced labour in the country.

During his mission there he was also allowed to visit Buthidaung prison where he met five political prisoners, including one of the ten local leaders of the Myanmar Muslim Association of Maungdaw — who have been sentenced to some 13 years for allegedly holding a meeting to discuss the constitution in 2007 – and a senior Shan leader, Tun Nyo who is now 79. Both were in very poor health, the envoy said.

“Curiously the conditions in the jail have improved over the last six months, the prisonsers told me,” Mr Quintana told Mizzima. “But no one seemed to know why. They assumed it was maybe to do with election preparations,” he added. “But the conditions remain a matter of grave concern,” he added.

“It is essential that the ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross] to be allowed to resume their prison visits,” he stressed. ICRC suspended these at the end of 2005 because of the interference of government officials. As a result many prisoners do not the medicines they need or soap.

More importantly the ICRC used to provide a channel of communications with the prisoners’ families. “I was the first visitor ever to Buthidaung prison,” he told Mizzima. “And while I thank the authorities for this opportunity, it is intolerable that some have had no contact with their love-ones since being transferred there – in some case that has been years.”

ICRC’s access to the prisons is something that has been in every report the envoy has put before the UN, and will feature prominently in his fourth report, the next to be submitted to the Human Rights Council in Geneva soon. It was also something that the envoy said he raised persistently and firmly at every opportunity, with the home minister, the attorney general and the chief justice. But the envoy remained pessimistic that the regime will take any notice.

Both Indonesia and China have also been quietly encouraging the junta to soften its stance towards ICRC behind the scenes. Most countries, even those with blemished human rights’ records, understand that the ICRC should be allowed to do its work unhindered by government interference.

“That the ICRC is not permitted to do carry out its full mandate is shameful, since this is considered worldwide to be a minimum standard of cooperation with the international community,” Benjamin Zawacki, Amnesty International’s South East Asia researcher based in Bangkok told Mizzima.

On Mr Quintana’s other two major concerns – the release of political prisoners and the forthcoming election – the regime remained equally intransigent.

“I don’t expect any progress soon [on the release of political prisoners],” he said. During his talks with the representatives of the regime he continued to stress the need to release all political prisoners before the elections if the process was to at all believable.

“These are well-educated and capable people who could participate in the election and help make the whole process credible I told the authorities,” he said.

But on the elections as a whole he found the senior representatives of the junta he met relatively uncompromising. No one was prepared to discuss the elections in any detail – all they would say was that the legal framework is being prepared and the electoral law will be released in time. The UN envoy was obviously frustrated at the regime’s apparent obstinance.

“But its important to have access to the authorities to be able to discuss human rights issues and explain what is needed to be done to meet international standards,” he said. “We can at least explain what is needed.”

When he met the Home Minister, Maung Oo, the Attorney General and the Chief Justice, he left the UN’s handbook on free and fair elections for their reference. Few people though, including the envoy, expect the regime to consult in any way.

“Barring an Election Law that marks a radical departure from its past and present laws and practices, the government is unlikely to allow political parties to participate fully–and meaningfully — in the elections process,” said Mr Zawacki.

“Politicians and political parties must able to communicate freely with both the domestic and international media,” he added. “Unfortunately, all the signs are that the only views acceptable to the government will be its own, with no room at all for a debate of any kind.”

The key people involved in the elections that Mr Quintana met also categorically rejected any involvement of international observers. “They aren’t needed,” he was told.

The envoy also took the opportunity to discuss acceptable approaches to demonstrations with the police chief, Khin Yi.

The issue was raised in terms of future protests rather than the brutal handling of the monk-led marches in 2007. “It’s important to peacefully control demonstrations, and force needs to be used proportionately,” he told the senior policeman.

Tin Oo, the deputy leader of Aung San Suu Kyi’s party the National League for Democracy, was freed on the even of Mr Quintana’s mission to Burma after nearly seven years in detention. But during his visit five other dissidents were imprisoned – including a Buddhist abbot and four women activists.

The four women were arrested last October after being accused of offering Buddhist monks alms that included religious literature, said Nyan Win, spokesman for the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by detained Nobel Peace prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. The women used to hold prayer services at Yangon’s Shwedagon pagoda for Ms Suu Kyi’s release.

The Buddhist monk, Gaw Thita was given seven years jail for violating immigration laws by making a trip to Taiwan last year, said his lawyer Aung Thein. He was also convicted of unlawful association and failing to declare possession of foreign currency.

On top of that, six detained political activists in Rangoon’s infamous Insein jail went on hunger strike a day before the UN envoy was due to visit the prison, according to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners in Burma (AAPP-B), a Thailand-based Burmese human rights group. They launched their week-long hunger strike after complaining that the prison authorities were denying them what they called “basic human requirements”. It was due to end on Thursday 25th February.

In a letter smuggled out of the prison, the political detainees complained that the rice that was given to prisoners was stale and mixed with small stones. “The bean soup and the sour vegetable soup often have insects in it and are dirty. We only get meat twice a week … and we get no salt,” said the letter.

The prisoners are denied appropriate medical attention or needed medicines, and are not allowed sufficient exercise, complained the prisoners.

In the letter activists said that although prisoners were allowed to receive books and newspapers from their relatives, all reading material was heavily censored. “Sometimes the pages are torn [out] and the books censored,” said the letter. “There is no regular access to newspapers, [and] when they do arrive, are often out of date,” compllined the letter.

The prisoners are also not allowed paper or pens. “If a prisoner is found with paper or pens, they are sent to the punishment cell called the ‘Dog Cell’, said the letter. “We are not allowed to write to our families,” the prisoners complained.

Last week, according to Mulim activists in Rakhune state, more than 70 inmates of Buthidaung prison also went on hunger strike in protest at the insufficient food rations. Their protests erupted after the prisoners, mostly non-Burmese, were denied a meeting with Mr Quintana when he visited Buthidaung prison.

But on the positive side, Mr Quintan found a child soldier – who had been sentenced to 7 years for desertion. He had been conscripted when he was 16, seized off the street in hi school uniform on the way home. He was arrested when he went home to see his sick mother less than six months after he was forcibly recruited.

When the envoy raised it with the Home Minister he at least responded positively, and maybe released soon. The ILO is following up the case.

But human rights groups still fear that these high-profile visits are only used by the regime for their own ends.

“When visits by UN envoys fail to achieve any progress, they allow the country to still claim it is cooperating with the UN, and leave the UN itself with little choice but to claim that the visits themselves constitute progress,” aid Mr Zawacki. “But in this case the special rapportteur is making it clear that the failure is the government’s fault.”

Although no spectacular break-throughs may result from this visit, the fact that senior members of the regime are engaged with representatives of the international community is significant, especially on human rights. Some Burmese leaders at the very top are hearing what the government needs to be done, especially if the elections are to be credible and to meet international human rights’ norms.

“If anyone expects that fundamental human rights changes are going to come about strictly through UN visits and other efforts they’re ignoring 20 years of history,” said Mr Zawacki. “Change will only come from within,” he added.

And the real problem is that the senior general Than Shwe, who makes all the decisions, may not be listening to any of it.



Our movement is unique for women from Burma’ – Marwaan Macan-Markar
Inter Press Service: Fri 26 Feb 2010

Chiang Mai, Thailand – Women who fled conflict and oppression in military-ruled Burma have become a potent political force during their lives in exile, says a leading women’s rights activist from the South-east Asian country’s Shan ethnic minority.Nothing confirms this more than the fact that the Women’s League of Burma (WLB), a network of 13 women’s groups in exile based in this northern Thai city, marked its 10th anniversary in December 2009. “Women’s participation is a must for any kind of peace and reconciliation in Burma,” declares Hseng Noung, one of the founder members of the league.

“We have worked to create a political space and a democratic space for the voices and views of women from many ethnic groups to be heard in order to shape a better future for our country,” adds the 48-year-old activist, who left her country in 1983 after some years with a separatist rebel group in Shan State, in north-eastern Burma.

Hseng Noung, who was WLB general secretary, is also a representative of the Shan Women’s Action Network (SWAN), which is known for its publication of a numbing exposure of rape being used as a weapon of war by the Burmese military. The shocking disclosures in the 2002 publication ‘License to Rape’ triggered condemnation by the international community, including the U.S. government and the United Nations.

IPS interviewed Hseng Noung on the eve of her departure to New York to participate in a special tribunal examining the Burmese regime’s use of rape and violence against women in its military assaults on the country’s ethnic minorities.

Q: Ten years ago when you set up the Women’s League of Burma, what kind of space was there for exiled women from Burma to shape your country’s political agenda?

A: We didn’t see so much of women’s participation among the exile groups. And even when there was, there was little recognition of women’s contribution. There were women’s groups at the time that were active and had participated in the country’s affairs as they had done inside, like student activists. So we felt it would be better if we get together and create an organisation to create more space for us, and then to enlarge that space.

Q: When the WLB came into existence, was it seen as a groundbreaking moment?

A: Yes. It was unique for a country with the kind of historical background like Burma. We felt the need for collective ideas and collective action for women to participate in political change in Burma, social change, and to secure gender equality. Advocacy was also important for us because working towards women’s development was community development.

Q: Now, 10 years after your organisation was established, do you have reasons to celebrate? Have you made an impact?

A: Of course. We see more women participating in our activities and demonstrating new and better skills to deal with many political issues. One example was the participation of women when there were discussions to draft Burma’s new constitution. With their unique background from different ethnic areas, women contributed towards the discussion on what is best for national affairs and state affairs.

Our members come from areas where there is civil war, conflict, where issues like refugees and human rights violations of different forms under the regime have to be faced. The space we created through the Women’s League of Burma made it possible to bring these diverse issues and talk about them. This would not be possible inside the country.

Q: The conflicts that you mention reveal what a deeply divided country Burma is along ethnic lines. There are officially over 130 ethnic groups and creating unity among them has been a historical challenge. Was the objective of your organisation to bridge these ethnic divides?

A: It is very clear that we want to build trust between us and we can do so by working together. We know it is so important for peace in Burma, for reconciliation in Burma. For that we must understand each other after many years of civil war and conflict and the regime’s propaganda to divide and rule and carry out actions against us, their own people.

Q: Has it easy to build such trust? After all, you have among your members women from the majority Burman community and they have been responsible – or at least the Burmese army – for targeting ethnic minorities, of which you are one.

A: Nothing like this is easy. Because we know, having been under the regime, that we have lot of experiences to share as a way of building understanding so we can work together to go forward to build a peaceful society. The women talk the same language, that we want peace. But what kind of peace? Not just the absence of war. We want peace that offers better opportunities for all ethnic groups, for different people and different genders.

Q: Do you have similar organisations like yours inside Burma, working with the same objectives?

A: No.

Q: How have men in the exile community accepted this shift in the gender balance with your organisation taking such an important step to shape the political agenda and influence political discussions?

A: Some men have welcomed our contribution. But there are others who have not given positive comments and even made fun of us. They expect us only to concentrate on select issues like human trafficking, health or HIV issues, because they see these as women’s issues. Sometimes they dismissed or overlooked what women’s groups were doing such as our three main areas of activity: peacebuilding and reconciliation programme, the violence against women programme and the women’s political empowerment programme. That is why we call our movement a “struggle within a struggle.”

We have also proved ourselves by making people in the international community aware of the problems in Burma through our international networks. Before this people didn’t know much about what the military regime was doing, using sexual violence and rape as a weapon of war. But we changed that view through the documentation work done by our member organisations, producing reports to expose these human rights violations. This helped to counter the propaganda of the regime.

Q: Aung San Suu Kyi is Burma’s democracy icon. How has her importance influenced your organisation?

A: She is an inspiration to everybody. She didn’t know that we were forming the Women’s League of Burma. I am sure she will be proud of us. And we will support her.

Q: Do you think the Burmese regime will be able to handle organisations like yours?

A: They will have to handle it sooner or later. But I know – or heard – from some people, and not directly, that the regime has got some FM radio stations inside the country to denounce groups it does not like, and the Women’s League of Burma has also been mentioned.



Myanmar troops commit atrocities – Denis D. Gray
Associated Press: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Bangkok — Myanmar troops have gang-raped, murdered and even crucified Karen women, or those in their charge, who took on the roles of village chiefs in hopes they would be less likely abused than traditional male leaders, a Karen group said Thursday.The atrocities, which also include beheadings, torture, forced prostitution and slave labor, are often committed as the troops attempt to root out a 60-year-old insurgency by guerrillas of the Karen ethnic minority, the Karen Women Organization said in a report.

Although the United Nations and other organizations have documented similar atrocities against Myanmar’s ethnic minorities, the government has consistently denied allegations of human rights abuses, saying its troops are only engaged in anti-terrorist operations.

The report said that the trend for Karen women to assume community leadership “has put women further into the front line of human rights abuses being committed by the Burma Army and their allies.” Myanmar is also known as Burma.

“I was not happy being village chief. It is similar to digging my own grave,” Daw Way Way, a 51-year-old woman who led her community for five years, was quoted as saying. Like a third of the 95 women interviewed for the report, Daw Way Way said she was tortured by soldiers during her tenure.

The abuse often reportedly occurred as soldiers questioned villagers about their suspected ties to insurgents of the Karen National Union.

“Some of the villagers were arrested whilst working on their farms, they were tied up, crucified and finally had their throats cut,” said Naw Pee Sit, another village chief who was beaten after being accused of such connections.

Naw Chaw Chaw Kyi, who served as chief for five years because nobody else wanted the job, said the military in her village forced several people into a hole, covered it with earth up to their necks and them stomped on them.

“Then they took out the villagers and beat them and brutally tortured villagers for a month and after that they killed them,” she said.

“Gender-based violence,” ranging from rape of girls to forced labor and grueling interrogations for pregnant and nursing mothers, was especially widespread, the report said.

“When I was village chief and was forced to be a porter, they tied me up with ropes at night and pulled me from this side to the other side. I could not endure the torture any more and they raped me,” said Naw Htu Pit. Other women, the report said, were used as “mine sweepers,” walking ahead of soldiers into mine-strewn areas.

The women chiefs, the report said, were often caught between government troops who punished them on suspicion that they were supporting the guerrillas and insurgents who accused them of serving as officials of the regime.

“These women are unsung heroes,” said Blooming Night Zan, a member of the organization based along the Thai-Myanmar border, where some 140,000 Karen, Shan and Karenni ethnic minority groups from Myanmar have sought refuge.

The Thai Burma Border Consortium, a key aid provider for the refugees, says that nearly 500,000 people have been displaced from their homes in eastern Myanmar during operations by the military against the die-hard insurgents.

The report, titled “Walking Amongst Sharp Knives,” was compiled between 2005 and 2009. It said that a third of the women interviewed were still serving as village chiefs.



Inhospitality
Economist: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Bangkok – THEY sew bras, peel shrimps, build blocks of flats and haul fishing-nets. In return, migrant workers in Thailand are paid poorly, if at all, and face exploitation and abuse at the hands of employers and the security forces. Up to 3m migrants, many undocumented and mostly from Myanmar, fall into this category. So a scheme to start registering this workforce and bring it into the legal fold sounds like a step forward. Migrants have been ordered to apply to their home countries for special passports so that they can work legally in Thailand and, in theory, enjoy access to public services, such as health care.But the plan has run into practical and political difficulties, mostly among workers from Myanmar, who rightly fear their awful government and do not want to return home, even temporarily. Many are unaware of the registration drive. So the first applicants have come mostly from migrants from Laos and Cambodia, where the authorities are more willing to help.

The Thai government says 400,000 Myanmar nationals have so far joined the process. Under pressure, the Thai government has reportedly modified its original deadline of February 28th for filing papers. Now that is the deadline only for migrants to fill in a form agreeing to go through the “nationality verification” process. They have until the end of March to submit forms to their home government.

But Thailand has not lifted its threat to arrest and deport migrants who do not comply by the new deadline. The government apparently believes that unregistered foreigners are a security threat. This raises the spectre of mass expulsions on a scale not seen since the 1990s. Jorge Bustamante, a United Nations official in Geneva dealing with migrant rights, has said that this would breach Thailand’s human-rights obligations, since workers might also be asylum-seekers.

This argument is unlikely to sway a government that shows increasing contempt for refugees. In December it expelled more than 4,000 Hmong to Laos, including 158 refugees recognised as such by the UN. Most were packed off to a remote camp. A Thai-government spokesman has claimed that the 158 refugees were happy to be in Laos. Foreign diplomats in Bangkok, still fuming over the expulsion, doubt it.

Kicking out millions of migrants who do dirty, low-paid jobs would be unpopular with Thai companies. Too few locals are willing to take their place. Garment factories in Thai-Myanmar border towns such as Mae Sot would probably go bankrupt if they had to offer decent wages and benefits. Fisheries and plantations also depend on imported labour. The government, however, believes that deported workers would soon be replaced by others eager to escape misery in Myanmar.

Not all foreign workers are under the radar; over 1.3m migrants registered in 2009 for work permits under the old system. These are the workers whose nationality Thailand wants to verify first, before tackling the rest. But being a legal migrant in Thailand confers few benefits. Workers are still at the mercy of employers who can cheat them of their wages and dismiss them summarily. Complaining can be futile or worse. Workers face extortion, rape and even murder by the very officials supposed to be protecting them, according to Human Rights Watch (HRW), a watchdog that this week released a report on the abuses suffered by migrants. It noted that officials treat them like “walking ATMs”.

There is little reason to believe that holding a special passport would protect migrants from rapacious cops and stingy employers, says HRW’s Phil Robertson. Migrants will still be unable to travel freely or organise into unions. In some provinces it is illegal for them to use mobile phones. Labour-inspectors pay little heed.

Employers have the upper hand and can keep down labour costs, but at a price to Thailand’s competitiveness. Surveys of Thai workers show a steady decline in their productivity, says Pracha Vasuprasat, an expert on migration at the International Labour Organisation. An abundance of poorly paid migrants means less incentive to upgrade to a more skilled workforce. Thailand’s is not the only Asian economy hooked on cheap labour. Neighbouring Malaysia also depends on millions of guest-workers. So much so that its home minister, Hishammuddin Hussein, has suggested that, to lessen the dependence, political refugees be allowed to work.



For sex workers, a life of risks – Mon Mon Myat
Inter Press Service: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Rangoon – When Aye Aye (not her real name) leaves her youngest son at home each night, she tells him that she has to work selling snacks. But what Aye actually sells is sex so that her 12-year-old son, a Grade 7 student, can finish his education.“Every night I work with the intention of giving my son some money the next morning before he goes to school,” said Aye, 51. She has three other older children, all of whom are married.

Her 38-year-old friend Pan Phyu, also a sex worker, has a greater burden. After her husband died, she takes care of three children – apart from her mother and uncle.

But Aye and Phyu’s source of income is fast declining, because it is no longer that easy to get clients at their age. Many younger women are in the sex trade today because of the difficult economic conditions in Burma, where prostitution is illegal.

Aye and Phyu’s daily lives are marked by living with the risks that come with being in illegal work, ranging from abuse from clients and police harassment, to worrying about getting sexually transmitted diseases and HIV.

Accurate figures of the number of sex workers are difficult to come by. But some media reports say that there are more than 3,000 entertainment venues such as karaoke places, massage parlours or nightclubs where there are sex workers, and that there are an estimated five sex workers in each venue.

There are fewer opportunities available for Aye and Phyu in the nightclubs in downtown Rangoon, but they found a place near the highway in the city outskirts.

“I’m already having a hard time finding even just one client a night, yet some clients want to use me for free. Sometimes they cheat me and go without paying,” Aye said with a sigh.

Their clients vary, ranging from college students, policemen, business people, taxi drivers or trishaw drivers. “It’s true that sometimes we get no money but just pain,” Phyu added.

Many clients think that they can easily abuse commercial sex workers because they have little clout in an illegal area of work.

“Sometimes I receive money for one client but I have to serve three clients. I would be beaten up if I refuse or speak up,” said Phyu, who has been a sex worker for 14 years. “If the local official in my ward or my neighbours don’t like me, they could inform the police who could arrest me anytime for trading sex,” Aye added. To keep from being harassed by the police, Aye and Phyu say they have to either give money or sex. “The police want money or sex from us. We need to make friends with them. If we can’t give a bribe we are threatened with arrest.”

Phyu said, “Some clients came in plain clothes, but through the conversation, I later knew that some of them are police officials.”

A few years ago, Aye and Phyu were arrested when the police raided the hotel they were in under the Brothel Suppression Act. Aye spent a month in a Rangoon jail after paying a bribe. Phyu could not afford to pay, so she spent one year in jail.

Like many commercial sex workers, getting infected with HIV and sexually transmitted diseases is never far from their minds.

Aye recalls that two years ago, she suspected that she might have HIV. A blood test at the Tha Zin clinic, which provides free HIV testing and counselling service for CSWs, confirmed her worst fears. “I was shocked and lost consciousness,” Aye said.

But Phyu said calmly, “I already expected to have HIV infection as I’ve seen friends of mine dying from AIDS-related diseases. “My doctor told me that I can live normally as my CD4 counts are above 800,” she added, referring to count of white blood cells that fights infection and indicates the stage of HIV or AIDS.

Still, Aye and Phyu say they remain in sex work because that is the only job they know that can bring them enough money.

“I tried to work as a street vendor, but it didn’t work because I didn’t have enough money to invest,” Aye said. Aye earns from 2,000 to 5,000 kyat (2 to 5 U.S. dollars) for a one-hour session with a client, an amount she would never earn as a food vendor even if she works the whole day.

Because she has HIV, Aye carries a condom in her bag as suggested by the doctor from the Tha Zin clinic. But her clients are stubborn and refuse to use any protection, she said. “It’s even harder to convince them to use a condom when they are drunk. I was often beaten up for urging them to use a condom,” Aye pointed out.

Htay, a doctor who asked that his full name not be disclosed, says he has heard a similar story from a sex worker who comes to see him. “Every month we provide a box of free condoms to sex workers, but their number does not get reduced by much when we checked the box again. The reason she (sex worker patient) gave me was that her clients did not want to use a condom. That’s a problem,” said Htay, who provides community health care for people with living with HIV.

According to a 2008 report by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 18 percent of some 240,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Burma are female sex workers.

HIV-positive sex workers are a hidden reality in Burma. “Our society covers up the truth that prostitution exists because of shame and fear of sin, but it actually makes the situation worse,” pointed out Htay.

“I think a network of commercial sex workers needs to be set up in this country,” said Nay Lin of Phoenix Association, a group that provides moral support and vocational training for people living with HIV/AIDS. “Through that they could stand for their rights and protect their communities.”

“Just like others, commercial sex workers who are mothers earn money in exchange for sex to support their children and their families, but they always work under fear of the police and of being abused by clients,” Lin said. “We should respect them as mothers instead of abusing them.”

To this day, Aye leaves home to go to work as soon as her son falls asleep at night. She worries about earning enough money, and what will happen to her son if she does not.

“If I have no client tonight, I will have to go to the pawnshop tomorrow morning (to sell items),” she said. Showing her one-foot-long hair, Aye added: “If I have nothing left, I’d have to sell my hair. It could probably be worth about 7,000 kyat (7 dollars).”



Fair labour rights in Myanmar benchmark for country’s 2010 elections
Asian Tribune: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Kuala Lumpur – As Myanmar plans for general elections this year, the country’s military rulers have announced their commitment to ASEAN and the international community to conduct a truly democratic election and ensure a “free and fair” electoral process.Asean Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC) has endorsed the statement that the country has asserted that it will respect the rights of its citizens as enshrined in the ASEAN Charter to which it is a signatory.

Though AIPMCE has endorsed, there have been virtually no visible signs of the junta’s willingness to adhere to democratic practice thus far and it still fails to uphold the rights of its citizens.

One example is the reported case of 3600 workers staging a protest on February 8th at their factories in the Hlaing Tharyar industrial zone in Yangon. The group, mostly women, temporarily stopped work to request better working conditions and benefits but was met with aggression.

Myanmar’s military regime reportedly deployed more than 50 truckloads of riot police and set up barbed-wire barricades to quell and contain the otherwise peaceful picket.

The ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC) commends the bravery of these workers and questions the means in which the regime chose to deal with the matter.

Under threat of violence, the workers accepted a compromise of a (USD) $2 – $5 wage increase per month, far less than their original request of $10, and returned to their factories. However, the workers reportedly continue to press for overtime payments, enforcement of public holidays and improvement of the substandard working conditions at the factories.

AIPMC’s committee members representing regional lawmakers are therefore left to call in question the commitment of Myanmar’s regime towards protecting and upholding rights.

“In light of the military regime’s threats of violence and history of using excessive force to quash opposition and peaceful protests, we are gravely concerned for the welfare and safety of these workers,” state AIPMC’s regional committee urging the regime to refrain from using violence and to abide by internationally accepted protocols in handling labour disputes.

AIPMC further urges ASEAN government leaders and ASEAN’s Secretary-General to intervene in the matter to closely monitor the situation in the Hlaing Tharyar industrial zone to ensure that the workers are not put in further danger and that their basic human rights are not violated.

Myanmar, as an ASEAN member, has pledged to promote and protect the rights of its citizens and therefore must show a willingness to act in accordance with principles of labor rights.

To do otherwise will suggest that Myanmar’s rulers are not serious in their claims of carrying out free and fair elections or their ability thereafter to lead a nation through good governance.

AIPMC further urges labor unions in the various ASEAN member states and the International Labor Organization to assist Burma’s workers in pursuing fair working conditions.



Than Shwe, the progressive – Adam Selene
Irrawaddy: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Fear is a powerful thing. Ask Than Shwe, the military ruler who during his active army career excelled in psychological warfare. Fear can make people do things that they otherwise wouldn’t have thought of doing. Like introducing some sort of a democratic system that will ultimately eat away, in 10 years or more, all the power that the tatmadaw has over the Burmese people.Fear turned Than Shwe into a reformer. Let’s look at the issue from his perspective.

Than Shwe knows the stories of Ne Win and Saw Maung. His predecessors ended their lives in dreadful circumstances. In Ne Win’s case, he was placed under house arrest. Than Shwe did it to these men, and he doesn’t want it to happen to him.

The leader is ageing. He knows that soon he will have to announce which prince will inherit his crown. But when he does that, will he be safe in retirement? Probably not. Better not appoint a new leader at all, Than Shwe probably thought.

He came up with a creative solution. Than Shwe adopted a plan that guarantees that a “democratic” government will take over in 2010. And he came up with the 2008 Constitution—which overshadows the importance of the elections which the army now can afford to be “free” (although not fair). In the Constitution many safeguards have been built in, which protect army leaders from prosecution and loss of their privileges.

The result will be that Than Shwe doesn’t have to fear his successor or the semi-democratic government that will follow in his footsteps. He can retire, and he will in the coming years use his influence within the army leadership to get things done that he deems important.

Actually, Than Shwe’s biggest fear is not the opposition, which is weak and divided, and largely without a program, capable leaders and experience in public governance. His biggest worry will be the army itself.

A majority within the army doesn’t support his reform program. Most officers would like to continue the status quo and want to cling to their economic benefits. What is left of a general who is instructed to shed his uniform and be a member of parliament? What will happen to him if he can’t wield his rank to make money?

The biggest threat to Than Shwe is a new coup after the elections. In that case, all his plans end up in the dust bin and all the safeguards are gone.

Believe it or not, Than Shwe is the biggest progressive force in the army right now.

His reasons may be wrong and borne out of self-interest, but the results will in the long run benefit Burma. Let’s cling to that thought.

* Adam Selene, a journalist based in Bangkok, has just returned from a one month visit to Burma.



Pioneering women village heads targeted for systematic abuse by junta’s troops across Eastern Burma
Karen Women Organization: Thu 25 Feb 2010

Walking Amongst Sharp Knives reveals previously unreported abuses taking place against ethnic Karen women in Burma.The practice of the Burmese Army to execute village heads has led to traditional Karen culture being turned upside-down, with women now being appointed village chiefs as they are seen as less likely to be killed. However, this change has put women in the frontline of human rights abuses. These abuses constitute crimes against humanity and war crimes.

The abuses experienced or witnessed by the women chiefs include:
· Crucifixions
· People burnt alive
· Rape, including gang rape.
· Many forms of torture, including beatings and water torture.
· People buried up to their heads in earth and beaten to death.
· Arbitrary executions
· Beheadings
· Slave labour

The women chiefs have been deliberately targeted for gender-based violence, including gang-rape. Pregnant and nursing women chiefs have been subjected to forced labour and gruelling interrogation.

Yet despite these abuses the report also reveals the bravery and personal sacrifice of women in challenging injustice and defending their people.

“How can any woman feel safe under the Burma Army when even women village heads are openly targeted for abuse?” said Blooming Night Zan KWO Joint Secretary 1 of KWO.

The Karen Women Organization is calling on the members of the United Nations Security Council to support the establishment of a United Nations Commission of Inquiry into war crimes and crimes against humanity being committed by the Burmese military dictatorship.

“These women chiefs are unsung heroes,” said Blooming Night Zan “They are placing themselves not only at the front line of abuses by the Burma Army, but also at the forefront of the struggle for gender equality in Burma.”

The KWO is urgently calling for the Thai government to continue to provide protection to refugees fleeing human rights abuses in Burma. The Thai Army is currently seeking to repatriate over 3,000 Karen refugees in Tak province.

 

Junta to raise salaries of government employees
Khonumthung News: Wed 24 Feb 2010

The Burmese military government proposes to raise the salaries of its employees and make it at par with ASEAN countries. It is believed that the move is to woo voters for the forthcoming 2010 general elections.“Prime Minister Thein Sein announced that a government employee will get eight times his current salary, when he visited Chin state,” said a secretary of the Township general administration.

A report said that the Finance Department is chalking out the new budget and the final draft will be completed in April 2010. The Finance Department will soon review the 2009 budget.

“Very senior employees nearing retirement will be paid compensation and made to retire from service. Employees above 45 years will also be paid compensation and pension. The rest of the employees will have their salaries increased by about eight times the current salary,” he added.

The Finance Minister General Hla Thun announced on 3 December 2009 that Ministers will get salaries on the scale of Kyat 15000-1000-200000 and Kyat 19000-2000-100000 in 2010.

“The increase in salary is welcome but the price of commodities will escalate immediately and the consequences for ordinary people will be bad,” said a government employee.

Most government employees are of the opinion that the salaries are being increased by the military junta to woo voters for the forthcoming 2010 general elections.



Burma’s Kachin army prepares for civil war – Alastair Leithead
BBC News: Tue 23 Feb 2010

Laiza, Burma – The sharp sound of loading and unloading weapons and the barked orders of the sergeant-major cut through the mountains of northern Burma as the young cadets are put through their morning drills.Their discipline is good, their uniforms smart and there is little doubting their sense of purpose or patriotism towards the red and green flag with crossed machetes they proudly wear on their right shoulders.

They are the next generation of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), and say they are not afraid to be the generation that fights in a civil war many fear may soon be upon them.

“The Union of Burma was formed on the basis of equality for ethnic people, but there has been inequality throughout history and we are still being suppressed,” said cadet Dashi Zau Krang.

He is 26 and has a degree in business studies, but says inequality has stopped him getting a good job and driven him to join the military.

But he is not afraid.

“The Burmese army may be the strongest in South East Asia, while we are very few, but God will help us to liberate our people to get freedom and equality. This is our responsibility,” he said.

It is a war the Kachin people do not want and one they cannot win.

But their generals believe a 17-year ceasefire could soon end as a Burmese army deadline approaches, demanding the forces merge or disarm.

They have already refused, and although their leaders are still pushing for a political solution, their commanders are preparing for the worst when time runs out at the end of February.

“I can’t say if there will be war for sure, but the government wants us to become a border guard force for them by the end of the month,” said the KIA’s Chief of Staff, Maj Gen Gam Shawng.

“We will not do that, or disarm, until they have given us a place in a federal union and ethnic rights as was agreed in 1947.”

The KIA and its civilian organisation have been allowed to control a large swathe of northern Burma as part of a ceasefire agreement with the country’s ruling generals.

Trade with China

They provide power, roads and schools funded by taxes on the brisk trade from China as well as the jade and gold mines and teak.

But now soldiers are being recruited, veterans are being recalled and retrained, and an ethnic army is preparing to fight perhaps the biggest military force in South East Asia.

On the car radio are freedom songs, and at one of the training camps a course in traditional dance is being run – cultural nationalism and propaganda is strong.

A BBC team travelled to an area in northern Burma controlled by the Kachin army and its civilian arm, the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO).

We were taken to training camps and outposts, but could not walk into Laiza town to talk to people on the street for fear of being seen by an extensive network of Burmese or Chinese government informers and spies.

It made forming a balanced view very difficult, but the determination and planning of the military was clear.

High on a vantage point above their headquarters, trenches are being dug and tree trunks are being hauled and hewn into gun turrets piled high with earth.

They can see the Burmese army positions from here and they know this will be just one of the front lines if fighting breaks out.

A well-oiled and highly polished large-calibre anti-aircraft gun is produced, standing on a tripod in a bunker overlooking the lush jungle valley.

Guerrilla war

The gleaming gun is a statement, a display for the visitors, but the small metal plane stencilled on the sights looks woefully optimistic.

They are organised and say they have heavy weapons, but we did not see them.

There are around two dozen ethnic groups in Burma, mostly scattered around its borders, and the biggest have been in various states of ceasefire or civil war over the past few decades.

The KIA is one of the biggest. Their commanders say it includes 10,000 regular troops and 10,000 reservists, but it is impossible to know for sure.

The Burmese army is huge. It has an air force of sorts and artillery, and the KIA knows the only way to survive will be to withdraw into the jungle and fight a guerrilla war of attrition.

But civil war would create tens of thousands of refugees and create regional instability.

“If we are attacked the other ethnic groups will support us, as they know the same could happen to them,” Gen Gam Shawng explained.

The nearby Wa ethnic group has tens of thousands of troops and resources funded by drug smuggling, and we were told a deal with them had been agreed.

Whether civil war comes here is now up to the Burmese government.

If they use this election year to solve what they see as the “problem” of the ethnic groups they will have a fight on their hands, and the region will have to deal with the consequences.



Burma plans crackdown on monks as election nears – Andrew Buncombe
Independent (UK): Mon 22 Feb 2010

Military authorities fear repeat of 2007 when monks led ‘Saffron Uprising’The military authorities in Burma are planning a crackdown on the country’s Buddhist monks to “discipline” them ahead of forthcoming elections.

State media reported over the weekend that the senior abbot who heads a government-controlled committee of senior monks is to call a meeting to outline new regulations. While monks are not eligible to vote in the election, analysts believe new restrictions will be imposed to further prevent them becoming involved in anything considered “political”.

The junta, which styles itself the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), has said that elections are to be held later this year as part of a process of transforming Burma into a democracy. Most observers believe the vote will be a deeply flawed process that further cements the role of the military within the country’s political establishment, and the main opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is widely expected to still be under house arrest and unable to participate. But some analysts believe the authorities remain nervous about a potential challenge from the monks, who in the autumn of 2007 led major demonstrations.

“They are still very nervous about this election. They have done everything they can do to control it, and the monks are the only possible challenge to them,” said Bertil Lintner, a Thailand-based analyst and author of a recent Human Rights Watch report on the fate of Burma’s monks. “They are reining in the ethnic minority armies; they have controlled the political opposition. The monks are the only potential threat.”

There are an estimated 400,000 monks in Burma with perhaps a further 50,000 nuns. In September 2007, a group of monks seized on an incident in which a clergy member in the town of Pakokku was badly beaten by a junta-controlled militia to form the secret All Burma Monks’ Alliance and launch protests across the country – demonstrations that rapidly became a vehicle for demands for democracy.

In the subsequent crackdown by the authorities, campaigners believe that dozens of monks and demonstrators were killed. Many more were detained and given long prison sentences. Scores of other monks who took part in the “Saffron Uprising” were forced into exile in Thailand and other countries.

The official Burmese-language newspaper Myanmar Ahlin said that Ashin Kumara, the chairman of a government-controlled sangha, or monks’ committee, was to call a meeting of senior abbots at which the new guidelines would be announced. The move, said the newspaper, would help to “safeguard Buddhism, which had been weakened by attacks on the state monks’ committee”.

Many of those involved in the September 2007 uprising were younger members of the Buddhist clergy who ignored the proclamations of their abbots not to get involved in the demonstrations, which tapped into soaring public disquiet over rising fuel and food prices. As part of the junta’s response, identification cards were introduced in 2008 to make the monitoring of monks easier. “Monks from different divisions and states were given different-coloured cards,” monk Ashin Kaythira told the Irrawaddy website.



Junta bans reporting Quintana’s comments
Irrawaddy: Mon 22 Feb 2010

News journals in Burma have been barred from carrying news about the Feb.19 press conference of Tomas Ojea Quintana, the UN special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (Burma), sources said.Quintana held a press conference in Rangoon’s international airport on his departure from the country at the end of his five-day visit that began on Feb. 15.
Burmese read the newspapers on a street in Rangoon. (Photo: Getty Images)

Sources said after the UN envoy talked openly and criticized the Burmese military government regarding the current situation, the military regime’s Press Scrutiny and Registration Board (PSRB) banned reporting his speech.

The UN special rapporteur told domestic and international reporters that he was disappointed he could not meet with opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who remains under house arrest, and that without full participation of the people including all 2,200 political prisons and an environment that allows them to participate in the range of electoral activities, “the elections to be held will not be credible.”

Nor did Quintana perceive the regime as having any will to release all political prisoners, adding that the “military government does not accept that there are any prisoners of conscience in Burma.”

He also expressed deep concern about the systematic discrimination against Muslims in the country.

A Rangoon-based journalist from inside Burma told The Irrawaddy that PSRB director Maj. Tint Swe attended the conference.”

“Maj. Tin Swe was there and he knows what Quintana said but he doesn’t allow us to publish it,” said the journalist, who is a news editor in his 40s.

Journals are only permitted to carry news about UN rights envoy’s trip to Burma and his visit to politicians, lawyers and prisons during his stay in the country.

Rangoon-based journalists said the military regime’s ban on reporting the envoy’s comments was abuse of freedom of expression.

“Even the rights of the UN special rapporteur on human rights were violated. It becomes more obvious how brutal this regime is, which has even beaten, tortured and imprisoned monks,” said an executive editor from a news journal.

However, most Burmese people heard and welcomed Quintana’s comments after hearing them on exiled radio stations that covered his comments exclusively.

“The rights envoy’s speech has awakened those who have been indecisive under the regime’s deceptive strategy. What he said absolutely reflects what is happening in Burma now,” said a Rangoon-based lawyer.



New forced labour tactics adopted in Arakan – Narinjara News
Democratic Voice of Burma: Mon 22 Feb 2010

The Burmese military junta has adopted a new tactic for forced labour in Arakan State to avoid pressure from the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the international community, said a teacher from Buthidaung.“Now the authorities have changed the way it uses forced labour cleverly to avoid international pressure. Many villagers in our area were summoned by authorities to work in government projects with payment. But in reality, the authorities never pay money to them as wages,” the teacher said,

Recently, authorities began using this system in the construction of two model villages in Buthidaung Township, 80 miles north of Sittwe. The new villages are Shwe Natala and Shwe Hin Tha.

“Nasaka, Burma’s border security force summoned villagers and carpenters to work on the construction of two model villages near Nyung Chaung Village with wages. The Nasaka officials promised to pay 1,500 Kyat a day to each worker. But villagers are yet to receive any payment since the completion of the village construction,” the teacher added.

Many villagers from Nyung Chaung and Do Den Villages in Buthidaung Township were subjected to this new tactic to coerce them into working on construction of the two model villages.

A villager from Nyung Chaung, who worked on the construction said, “The authorities constructed two model villages near Nyung Chaung Village quickly for Burman settlers. They summoned many villagers from the surrounding areas to work on the construction of the villages with payment. I was working there for about 20 days but have not received any wages.”

“When we went to the Nasaka camp to ask for our payment, the Nasaka authorities refused us and then abused and assaulted us. They told us if we could go anywhere to complain. So many villagers, who had worked as labourers on the construction gave up asking for money from Nasaka,” he added.

The Nasaka used many villagers in the area for nearly two months to construct 180 houses in Shwe Natala and Shwe Hin Tha, located in southern Buthidaung near the western bank of the Mayu River.

About 179 Burman families from Burma proper arrived to settle in the two model villages on 15 February, 2010, on two ferry ships that travelled from Sittwe, the capital of Arakan State. All the families came from Rangoon.

The authorities allocated three acres of farmland and gave two heads of cattle to each Burman family being settled in the village, after confiscating land from local villagers. Besides the time that many spent working without pay, many villagers also lost their land to the two model villages.



UN empty-handed again from Myanmar visit: Analysts
Agence France Presse: Mon 22 Feb 2010

Bangkok – A visit by a UN rights envoy to Myanmar has yielded little progress ahead of elections, experts say, in the latest setback for the world body’s efforts in the military-ruled nation.Making his third trip to Myanmar, Tomas Ojea Quintana had his request to meet opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi turned down and said he was given no information about the polls promised for some time this year.

Myanmar authorities also continued to lock up dissidents during his stay, gave no sign that it would free Suu Kyi, and even denied there were any “prisoners of conscience” in the country.

“It clearly hasn’t gone well,” said Benjamin Zawacki, Myanmar expert for the London-based rights group Amnesty International.

“Despite the fact that the government has claimed that cooperation with the UN is a cornerstone of its foreign policy, it’s quite clear it’s not.”

The UN’s efforts to foster democratic reform in Myanmar have met with little apparent success, with secretary general Ban Ki-moon also being refused access to Suu Kyi, the world’s only Nobel Peace laureate still in detention.

Quintana, who was appointed in 2008, left Myanmar after a five-day visit on Friday with a parting shot for the regime, saying that he “deeply regretted” its denial of a meeting with Suu Kyi.

“I am disappointed that even this time I was unable to meet her at this crucial time in this election year, the first national election in 20 years,” Quintana said.

The UN rights envoy was also refused access to reclusive junta chief Than Shwe and instead met Foreign Minister Nyan Win, Home Affairs minister Maung Oo the chief justice, attorney general and police chief.

But he was allowed to meet some political detainees during visits to the country’s prisons, and called for their release before elections, which analysts predict will be held towards the end of the year.

“It’s good for Mr. Quintana to get in to see some prisoners and see how bleak things are, but that doesn’t mean any of them are going to be released any time soon,” said David Mathieson, Myanmar expert for Human Rights Watch.

Myanmar authorities refuse to allow any international organisations access to its prisoners. The United Nations says there are at least 2,100 political prisoners in Myanmar’s jails.

Suu Kyi has been in detention for 14 of the last 20 years. She had her house arrest extended by 18 months in August and is effectively barred from standing in the upcoming elections.

“They’ve made no progress on human rights whatsoever in the past year,” added Mathieson.

“They (the junta) manipulate the domestic and international scene to create an illusion of some slow progress towards democracy, but it’s still the same repressive system leading up to an election,” he said.

Quintana is due to report his findings to the UN’s Human Rights council in March, and then to the UN General Assembly.

The Argentinian diplomat did hold talks with key figures from Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) party during his visit, including its vice chairman, Tin Oo.

Tin Oo was freed on February 13 after seven years in detention.

But five other dissidents were imprisoned during Quintana’s visit — a Buddhist abbot and four women activists.

“The timing suggests these jailings are a statement. It’s a way of saying ‘we’re still in control, we are making the decisions here,’” said Zawacki.

“If anyone expects that fundamental human rights changes are going to come about strictly through UN visits and efforts they’re ignoring 20 years of history. Change has got to come from within,” he said.

The NLD has not yet said whether it will take part in the polls, the first in Myanmar since 1990 when the NLD won by a landslide. The military subsequently annulled the result.


UN examines mistreatment of Muslims in Myanmar – Larry Jagan
The National (UAE): Mon 22 Feb 2010

Bangkok – A United Nations envoy has expressed deep concern about the persecution of Myanmar’s Muslims by the authorities. “There is no doubt that there is severe discrimination of Muslims,” the UN special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, Tomas Ojea Quintana, said after visiting the west of the country where Muslims are concentrated.During his five-day mission, Mr Quintana, an Argentine former labour rights lawyer, visited Sittwe, capital of northern Rakhine state, and Buthidaung, one of the state’s main towns and site of the most serious allegations of persecution and repression of the Muslims, often known as Rohingya.

This is the first time a senior UN envoy has been allowed to visit this region although the UN and international aid organisations do have projects and people in the area.

“There have been many allegations levelled at the authorities, so it was important for me to be able to see the situation firsthand,” he said.

While he was there he also visited a prison, which was a real revelation, he said during an interview on the weekend.

“The prison was full of women, some still nursing their young children,” he said. Most had been charged with immigration offences and received sentences of up to five years. But human-rights groups believe they are victims of the government’s ban on Muslims marrying.

“Men are often jailed for illegal marriages, but many, especially women, are arrested after travelling illegally [across the border] to Bangladesh to get married,” said Chris Lewa, director of the Arakan Project, which monitors the situation of Rohingyas in the region.

The UN envoy raised the issue of the alledged ban on marriage with the authorities, both locally and in the Myanmar capital, Naypidaw, and received the same answer. Muslims, like everyone, have the right to marry, but they have to have the correct birth certificates and citizenship papers.

This is the crux of the matter, according to human-rights groups and aid workers who know the area and monitor the situation there.

“Myanmar’s Muslim minority are subject to systematic persecution: they are effectively denied citizenship, they have their land confiscated, and many are regularly forced to work on government projects,” said Benjamin Zawacki, Amnesty International’s Myanmar researcher based in Bangkok.

“The regime creates conditions and circumstances that make it clear to the Rohingyas that they are not wanted or welcome in the country,” he said.

More than 300,000 Rohingyas are in camps or hiding in neighbouring Bangladesh to escape the persecution across the river in Rakhine, according to the UN. More than 700,000 Rohingyas still live in Myanmar.

Mr Quintana singled out Rakhine for his visit after persistent stories of persecution that included forced labour, extortion, land confiscation, travel restrictions, banned marriages and unregistered children. On his last visit to Myanmar, in 2009, his request to visit the area was denied.

Because the authorities refuse most Rohingyas permission to marry, many live together after a traditional Muslim ceremony. The children born from these couples are denied registration and citizenship – making them non-persons.

Mr Quintana took up the issue of citizenless children in his last report to the UN in November and pressed representatives of the regime on it again during this visit, but with little result.

“The issue of unregistered children is serious as their numbers keep growing,” Ms Lewa said. “What is the future of these children? Without being registered, they won’t be able to apply for a travel permit, marriage, and so on. They are all potential refugees.”

Mr Quintana’s visit to Rakhine was a significant concession by the regime. “I received a lot of independent information from various sources before I went there, and I find them very credible.”

The envoy said he did not have time to verify all the claims in the reports, but from what he saw he believed they were relatively accurate. “And I hope by visiting there I can help highlight the plight of Myanmar’s Muslims,” he said.

Overall, the UN envoy was downbeat about his trip. “Political prisoners, of which there are more than 2,100, will not be released anytime soon,” he said. “The government continues to deny that there are any prisoners of conscience in their jails.”

Mr Quintana wanted to impress upon the authorities that the release of all political prisoners before this years planned elections was essential if the electoral process was to be convincing.

“These are well-educated and capable people who could participate in the election and help make the whole process credible, I told the authorities,” he said.

Mr Quintana did not hold out much hope of change in Myanmar in the near future.

Myanmarese officials would not discuss the elections in detail even though it was evident that preparations for the polls were already in full swing. All that the men in charge of the elections would say was that the legal framework was being prepared and the electoral law would be finished in time.



For Rohingya in Bangladesh, no place is home – Misha Hussain
TIME: Fri 19 Feb 2010

Kutu Palong – Hundreds of children flock at the site of a stranger in the Kutu Palong makeshift camp in southeastern Bangladesh, near the border with Burma. Some are wearing salvaged clothes; mostly, they are naked. “Hello, how are you?” they shout, repeating the one phrase they have picked up from the few aid workers that have gained permission from the Bangladesh authorities to enter the unregistered camp.These kids are all Rohingya, a religious and linguistic ethnic minority from Burma’s northern Rakhine State, who have been fleeing state-sponsored persecution in their homeland since 1978. In 1991, when the population experienced widespread repression and abuse from security forces posted in Rakhine, a quarter of a million crossed the border to Bangladesh seeking asylum. Most of them still live there today. Some 28,000 have been officially recognized as refugees and are living in a U.N.-run camp, waiting to be relocated to a third nation. Hundreds of thousands of others live outside these grounds, in the district of Chittagong or in unofficial camps, stateless and hopeless.

In recent months, Kutu Palong has become a refuge from a brutal crackdown on the Rohingya, according to a report issued Thursday by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). More than 6000 people have arrived in the camp since October as police and border authorities have launched an unprecedented crackdown in Bangladesh, pushing over 2,000 Rohingya back across the border into Burma. More than 500 were arrested around the country in January alone. MSF doctors working in Kutu Palong say they have been treating Rohingya who have been beaten and raped. “[Border guards] broke my fingers and then they threw me into the river and told me to swim back,” says Ziaur Rahman, a 23-year-old who managed to escape and walk for three days to get medical care at the MSF clinic based outside the Kutu Palong makeshift camp.

About 30,000 Rohingya now live in the makeshift camp, in crude huts thrown together with bin liners, sticks and mud. Sanitation is minimal. Sewage facilities, hugely inadequate in the monsoon season, run alongside the housing. An earlier March 2009 MSF survey found that 40% of those who died in this unregistered camp in the first part of that year died from diarrhea. The government, however, has forbidden further development of the camps’ infrastructure, so as not to attract any people more to the improvised settlement. “There is just one toilet between every 10 families,” says Ziaul Haque, 40, who acts as a kind of camp administrator.

Bangladesh, like India, Thailand and Pakistan, is not one of 147 nations to sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, the global treaty that defines who is eligible for refugee status and what rights they are guaranteed. As a result, Dhaka has not registered a single refugee since 1991, and, as one of the most impoverished nations in the world, does not have the financial resources to cope with such a huge number of people. “We are a poor country and we have our own issues to deal with,” says one local from Cox’s Bazaar district, where the greatest concentration of Rohingyas live.

Though half of the Rohingya who make their way to Bangladesh are taken in by local families until they find their feet, it’s been a fragile relationship. Many are competing for jobs with the Rohingya, who are often willing to work for less than Bangladeshis. Others worry that armed extremist gangs are radicalizing the youth of this marginalised, leaderless community, and suspicions of drug smuggling and an increase in petty crime in the camps have been recorded in the local press. With a new round of elections slated for later this year in Burma, locals are increasingly concerned that another exodus from its neighbor state may ensue and the situation in Bangladesh might further deteriorate.

The official channels of moving refugees to new homes has been slow. Since 2006, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has resettled 749 Rohingya from the registered camp. Five hundred were relocated in 2009 and another 190 are pending departure for the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the U.S. It’s a rate of departure that barely covers the population growth of 2.9% within the registered camp; right now, the system is simply paying off the human interest.

Meanwhile, thousands wait, unregistered, and unsure of what their future holds. A visit of European Parliament members to the country this week to assess the situation may help highlight the suffering of a community and provoke a regional response to a challenge that today is being left to Bangladesh alone to grapple with. Leaving Kutu Palong, the children are still smiling, the chorus of ‘hellos’ replaced with ‘goodbyes.’ Many lives have begun in this camp in the last decade. Many will end here, too, without a birth or death certificate to prove that they ever existed.



Myanmar’s Rohingyas – who are they?
Reuters: Fri 19 Feb 2010

Rohingya refugees who fled oppression in their native Myanmar are facing similar abuse at the hands of Bangladeshi authorities, who rights groups say are trying to drive them out of the country. Tens of thousands of Rohingyas, who are not recognised in their homeland, live illegally in Bangladesh and face attacks by police and the destruction of their homes, according to medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF).

Here are some facts about Myanmar’s Rohingya people.
  • The Rohingyas are a Muslim minority in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar, formerly Burma. The military government does not recognise them as one of the country’s roughly 130 ethnic minorities.
  • Most Rohingyas come from Rakhine State, also known as Arakan State, in northwest Myanmar, abutting the border with Bangladesh.
    Their roots are thought to date back to 1821, when Britain annexed the region as a province of British India and brought in large numbers of Bengali-speaking Muslim labourers, who later called themselves “Rohingyas”.
  • When Burma won independence from Britain in 1948, the Bengali-speaking Muslim population near the border exceeded that of the Buddhists, leading to secessionist tensions.
    This translated into harassment following a 1962 coup that has led to nearly five decades of military rule by the ethnic Burman majority. Thousands fled to Bangladesh to escape a 1978 military census of the Rohingyas called “Operation Dragon”.
  • In 1991, another wave of refugees fled to Bangladesh, where the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR says 300,000 Rohingya now live a perilous, stateless existence.
  • Rohingyas in northwest Myanmar are restricted from travelling inside the country, and those already in Bangladesh have little prospect of ever returning home as long as the army runs the country.
    As a result, thousands have fled to try to start new lives, chancing their luck in rickety wooden boats they hope will get them to Malaysia, home to 14,300 official Rohingya refugees and maybe half as many again unregistered ones.
  • The Rohingyas seldom hit the headlines. One exception was in April 2004, when a group armed with axes and knives burst into the Myanmar embassy in Kuala Lumpur, attacked embassy officials and set fire to the building.
  • In January 2009, Thailand’s military was accused of towing 992 Rohingya boat people far out to sea before abandoning them to their fate with little food or water in boats without engines. The Thai government said its investigations were inconclusive.
    A Rohingya human rights group and the testimony of survivors to Reuters in Aceh, Indonesia, and Indian police in the Andaman Islands suggested as many as 550 may have died.

(Compiled by Ed Cropley; Editing by Martin Petty and Bill Tarrant)

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#744 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Mon Mar 15, 2010 9:54 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 15/3/09
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  1. Message from Suu Kyi
  2. Myanmar moves troops to borders
  3. Campbell says engagement with Burma failing
  4. Burma’s sham elections
  5. Burma, a land frozen in tyranny
  6. Burmese army’s violence against civilians
  7. Myanmar’s Suu Kyi calls for united response to ‘unjust’ law
  8. Myanmar junta annuls election held 20 years ago
  9. Burma’s election laws amorphous on Diaspora
  10. Burma’s electoral laws undemocratic
  11. New Burma election law ‘a farce’
  12. U.N. rights envoy seeks Myanmar war crimes inquiry
  13. UN urges Burma to let Aung San Suu Kyi contest polls
  14. Belt, braces and army boots
  15. Business as usual in Burma
  16. Regime looks to the law to deal with the NLD
  17. Myanmar junta allows Suu Kyi’s party to reopen branch offices
  18. Western sanctions fuel rare strikes in Myanmar
  19. Election laws may shut down opposition parties
  20. The election law: Not so free and fair
  21. Election commission law in English
  22. Burma rulers to ‘hand-pick’ election commission
  23. NLD will stick with Shwegondaing Declaration
  24. Border conflict could last ‘many more years’
  25. Vietnam bank to open branch in Myanmar
  26. Iran and Myanmar to expand multilateral cooperation
  27. Narco report on Burma
  28. Ramos-Horta launches Burma petition
  29. Authorities persecute political opponents ahead of announced election
  30. ‘Bless you Mr. Obama’ on Myanmar
  31. Fresh evidence of crimes against humanity
  32. Myanmar’s ruling junta is selling state’s assets


Message from Suu Kyi – Ba Kaung
Irrawaddy: Fri 12 Mar 2010

Detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi instructed members of the National League for Democracy (NLD) to discuss the party’s Shwegondaing declaration and why the 2008 Constitution is unnacceptable, said her lawyer, Nyan Win, after a two-hour meeting with Suu Kyi on Thursday.“She wants the party members to discuss why the 2008 Constitution is unacceptable because she wants everyone to understand the laws, and she wants everyone to have a thorough understanding of the Shwegondaing declaration,” said Nyan Win, who is also a senior NLD party official.

The meeting took place two days after the Burmese military regime promulgated the election laws that bar Suu Kyi as leader of Burma’s main opposition party from organizing and being a member of a political party if she is not released before the polls expected to be held in October.

According to Nyan Win, Suu Kyi said the election laws gave her the impression that they targeted an individual. “She said the laws both demeans the dignity of the laws and tarnish the prestige of the country,” he said.

“Daw Suu wants to urge everyone, whether NLD members, non-members or ethnic people, to take concerted action against these unjust laws,” Nyan Win said. “She also said all the people should speak up for their own rights with understanding of the laws.”

The Shwegoindaing Declaration, released by the National League for Democracy (NLD) in April 2009, calls for a review of the military-drafted Constitution, political dialogue and the unconditional release of all political prisoners, including its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi.

The regime has ignored the party’s repeated call for the review of the Constitution and enacted the election laws which analysts said have put the party in a corner.

According to the election laws, the party not only needs to forgo its call for a review of the Constitution, which it would do at the risk of losing grace with the Burmese public, but also needs to expel Suu Kyi if she is not released before May 7, the deadline for the registration of all political parties.

Suu Kyi is serving an 18-month term of house arrrest. With her sentence due to expire in November, Suu Kyi cannot be a member of any political party if she is not released before May 7, according to the election law that bans prisoners from being members of political parties.

If the party fails to register, on the other hand, it will cease to exist as a legal party.

Asked how Suu Kyi viewed the prospect of her party’s dissolution if it decides not to expel her, Nyan Win said, “she has not decided on this issue.”

Meanwhile, Suu Kyi has sent instructions to NLD leaders to pursue judicial action against these unjust election laws, according to Nyan Win, who declined to disclose the details.

“I cannot say what these instructions are now. Party leaders will make decisions based on her instructions,” Nyan Win said, adding that the party leaders’ actions would be “nationwide.”



Myanmar moves troops to borders
Wall Street Journal: Fri 12 Mar 2010

Yangon—Myanmar’s military is moving large numbers of soldiers to border areas near China and Thailand in anticipation of possible conflicts with ethnic rebels in those areas before elections this year, according to diplomats, intelligence experts and residents who are tracking the activities.Details about the buildup, including the total number of troops involved, are unclear. Myanmar is one of the world’s most secretive countries, and its government rarely speaks publicly about activities it deems sensitive, especially military movements. Attempts to reach the Myanmar government were unsuccessful.

But analysts and dissidents say the deployments—which are believed to include tens of thousands of soldiers—are designed to ratchet up pressure on Myanmar’s numerous armed ethnic groups before the regime holds elections later this year. Several of the groups—including the Wa, an ethnic minority with a private army that includes as many as 20,000 soldiers—have yet to indicate whether they will participate and continue to resist any move that would reduce their autonomy.

Myanmar’s military is trying to “turn up the pressure” on rebels through the troop deployments, said Bertil Lintner, a Thailand-based military expert who has followed the issue. If tensions continue to build, he said, “I think there will be military action.” The generals “could decide they have to solve” the border problem now because of the election, said one Yangon diplomat.

Some analysts believe Myanmar authorities will stop short of launching a full assault to avoid condemnation from neighbors at a time when the regime is trying to boost its international image by holding elections. Thai officials couldn’t be reached Thursday. Previously, Chinese authorities have expressed concern about Myanmar border-area unrest.

The buildup comes at a time when the junta is trying to assert tighter control over how its election—the first since 1990—is conducted. On Thursday, it released the latest in a series of new rules for the vote, including provisions that officially invalidated the 1990 election, which was easily won by Myanmar’s main opposition party but ignored by the regime.

The government also appointed a former high-ranking army officer to head the commission overseeing the vote, the Associated Press reported. Myanmar has yet to announce a date for the election.

Reining in the more than a dozen ethnic rebel groups within Myanmar’s borders remains a priority for the regime. The junta has struggled for decades to subdue the groups, which control large areas along Myanmar’s borders, and it has repeatedly cited that struggle as one of the main reasons to justify its harsh rule over the country, also known as Burma.

To ensure the rebels are pacified in time for the vote, regime officials have ordered ethnic groups to convert their soldiers into “border guards” under the leadership of the Myanmar army, sharply limiting their autonomy. In return, the groups would be allowed to organize political groups and participate in the vote. Several groups, including the Wa, have so far declined.

In August, the Myanmar military targeted a relatively weak ethnic group, the Kokang, in an offensive that drove some 30,000 or more refugees into China and left more than 30 people dead. Most of the refugees returned when it was clear the Kokang had been overwhelmed.

A spokeswoman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs last year expressed “deep concern” over the Kokang episode, a rare public rebuke from its northern neighbor.

A conflict with the Wa or other large ethnic groups would likely be worse, analysts say. The Wa are believed to be far better-armed and better-organized, thanks in part to revenue from drug trafficking, according to U.S. government and international antinarcotics officials. Intelligence experts say ethnic groups have been building up their arms stockpiles, meaning they could present a bigger challenge if the military doesn’t act now.

According to Irrawaddy, a Myanmar-focused news organization based in Thailand, the government is moving as many as 70,000 troops into Shan state, a part of northeastern Myanmar occupied in part by Wa and other ethnic minorities. It cited unnamed sources close to military officials working in Myanmar border areas.

Residents in some of the areas have reported seeing large numbers of troops on the move, including in a city southeast of Mandalay in central Myanmar with military bases nearby and roads heading east into Wa areas. One resident, a former schoolteacher who lives near the main highway in the region, said trucks of soldiers began moving out at night in late February and continued to leave military installations each night for several days. After that, he said, a new round of convoys began carrying rations eastward.

He said he believed the trucks were heading to Kengtung, a town in far eastern Myanmar that’s close to areas populated by the Wa. It was impossible to independently verify his account.

Residents in areas further north around Muse, a border crossing with China, report a similar buildup since late February.

“More security forces are visible along the Sino-Burmese trade route” from central Myanmar to Muse, said a businessman who imports computers from China. Other businessmen and brokers have said that getting imported items from China into Myanmar cities has become more difficult because of increased military checkpoints.



Campbell says engagement with Burma failing
Associated Press: Fri 12 Mar 2010

Rangoon — Washington’s new policy of engagement with Burma’s military government appears to be failing, a senior US official indicated Friday, noting the junta’s decision to bar democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from upcoming elections.This week the government unveiled election laws that prevent the detained Nobel Peace Prize laureate from running for office or even voting in the polls and greatly weaken her National League for Democracy. The date of the elections has not been announced.

The United States recently modified its strict policy of isolating the junta in the hope that increased engagement would encourage change. However, the Obama administration has said it will not lift sanctions on Burma unless its sees concrete progress toward democratic reform—notably freeing Suu Kyi and letting her party participate in elections.

“The US approach was to try to encourage domestic dialogue between the key stakeholders, and the recent promulgation of the election criteria doesn’t leave much room for such a dialogue,” said U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell.

Campbell, speaking to reporters in Bangkok, said the US would continue to talk with all parties inside Burma, including the government.

But he added: “We’re very disappointed, and we are concerned. It’s very regrettable. This is not what we had hoped for, and it is a setback.” Campbell is on a 10-country Asian trip.

On Friday, the junta unveiled the last of its election laws, which Suu Kyi has described as unjust and repressive.

The fifth and last law, carried in state-owned newspapers, governs elections for 14 regional parliaments. Details of the five laws have trickled out over the course of the week.

“Aung San Suu Kyi said she never expected such repressive laws would come out but said she’s not disappointed,” her party spokesman Nyan Win told reporters after meeting the 64-year-old democracy leader at her home Thursday.

“She said such challenges call for resolute responses and calls on the people and democratic forces to take unanimous action against such unfair laws,” he said.

The party has yet to decide whether it will participate in the elections. Political parties have 60 days from Monday to register.

It will be the first poll since 1990, when Suu Kyi’s party won a landslide victory. The junta ignored the results of that vote and has kept Suu Kyi jailed or under detention for 14 of the past 20 years.

This year’s elections are part of the junta’s “roadmap to democracy,” which critics deride as a sham designed to cement the military’s power. A military-backed constitution was approved by a national referendum last May, but the opposition charges that the vote was unfair.

An election law announced Wednesday prohibits anyone convicted of a crime from being a member of a political party, making Suu Kyi ineligible to become a candidate in the elections — or even a member of the party she co-founded and heads.

In August, Suu Kyi was convicted of violating the terms of her house arrest by briefly sheltering an American who swam uninvited to her lakeside residence, and was sentenced to 18 more months of detention.

Election laws announced Thursday take away her right to vote, saying those convicted of crimes are barred from the polls. Thursday’s two laws also formally invalidated the 1990 election results, saying the 1989 election law under which those polls were held was repealed by the new legislation.

“They have been slowly trying to decimate the party and now they are doing it with utmost force. But the NLD will never collapse,” said the party’s deputy chairman, Tin Oo.

US-based Human Rights Watch says it believes 429 members of the league are currently imprisoned, including 12 who won parliamentary seats in the 1990 elections.

The United States and human rights groups have warned that the junta is running out of chances to make the elections appear credible. Clauses in the constitution already ensure that the military will retain a controlling say in government and bar Suu Kyi from holding office.



Burma’s sham elections
Independent (UK): Fri 12 Mar 2010

For those harbouring any hopes that the military regime in Burma was moving towards some kind of real democracy, this week’s announcement of the laws for the forthcoming elections must have come as a rude shock. Under the new rules, no one who is a member of religious order or anyone with a criminal conviction can stand.In other words out goes any chance of the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi – still under house arrest – or any member of the democracy parties now languishing in prison on political charges or any monk, whether they have been involved in past demonstrations or not, from taking part.

And if that was not clear enough, the Burmese junta yesterday introduced a law annulling the election of 1990 which Ms Suu Kyi overwhelmingly won and announced a 17-member election commission to oversee the polls headed by a former military officer and stuffed with government cronies.

Little wonder that a US official has declared the laws, setting out the principles of an election whose date has still to be announced, a mockery of the democratic process. The clampdown must be particularly galling to the US administration, which has bent over backwards to try and encourage dialogue with the regime and, indeed, for Aung San Suu Kyi herself, who had been let out to meet some members of the regime and had made encouraging noises about the future.

The simple reality, however, is that this regime, like any other authoritarian ruler, is unwilling to give up power voluntarily. It will make gestures to get the international community, and Burma’s chief backers in Beijing, off their backs by holding elections and allowing some participation by the National League for Democracy. But it won’t permit anything that truly threatens its own position.

Which leaves the rest of the world in a quandary as to how to react. Sanctions haven’t worked. Some sort of dialogue is probably better than total isolation. But what the UN and the international commun ty must not do is to accept these elections as anything other than what they are, namely a total sham.



Burma, a land frozen in tyranny – Gideon Rachman
Financial Times (UK): Fri 12 Mar 2010

Amid the rash of commemorations celebrating the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall last year, it was easy to feel that 1989 was a year in which freedom advanced everywhere. The Soviet empire collapsed. Two years later the Soviet Union itself disintegrated. A few months after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela was released. The end of the cold war unfroze deadlocked political situations all over the world.But political freedom did not advance everywhere in 1989. Most obviously that was the year that the Chinese government sent the tanks into Tiananmen Square. And 1989 was also the year that Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest in Burma. Who would have believed that 21 years later, this heroic woman would still be a political prisoner? At least, 21 years after Tiananmen, China has changed unrecognisably. But Burma is still frozen in time and in tyranny. The depressing sense that nothing at all has changed is reinforced by the latest news that the Burmese military junta has banned Suu Kyi from participating in national elections later this year.

So is there any hope of change? Optimists will seize on the fact that Burma is, at least, attempting to hold national elections, the first since the elections of 1990, the results of which were ignored, when it became clear that Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy had won. But this latest poll will not mean much, without the participation of the NLD and its banned leader.

The outside world has tried many different approaches. The west has pushed for the isolation of the Burmese government, following the wishes of the democratic opposition. Burma’s Asian neighbours have gone for a policy of engagement, even admitting Burma to the south-east Asian club, Asean. But nothing seems to have worked. Burma remains an anomalous, backward dictatorship inside Asean – more repressive, poorer and more isolated, even than Cambodia or Vietnam. Now, because of the country’s strategic position and mineral resources, Burma is being wooed by China and, more discreetly, by India.

At some point, surely, the Burmese military regime will have to crack. But what will it take?



Burmese army’s violence against civilians
Guardian (UK): Fri 12 Mar 2010

Since 1996, military abuses have forced 1m villagers to flee their homes, according to UN draft report. • Since 1996, up to 1 million people have been displaced. Entire communities have been forced to relocate and their houses and food supplies burned to prevent their return. Those who refuse forced relocations and choose to hide risk military attack.
  • More than 184,000 refugees in neigbouring countries originate from Burma. An estimated 2 million migrants are in Thailand. Thousands of ethnic Chin have crossed the border to the Indian state of Mizoram. Muslimresidents of northern Rakhine state continue to seek asylum in neighbouring countries.
  • The presence and conduct of the military are central to the plight of these civilians. Military operations have placed a particularly heavy burden on rural populations affecting their ability to sustain livelihoods.
  • There have been numerous and frequent reports of civilians being forced to serve as porters and guides for the military, to build and maintain roads, to construct military camps, and to labour for infrastructure projects.
  • Cases of rape and sexual violence committed by military personnel, many of them against young girls and adolescents, have been reported by human rights organisations.
  • In Shan state the military has burned down over 500 houses and scores of granaries since July 2009, and forcibly relocated almost 40 villages, mostly in Laikha township. Reports say more than 100 villagers, both men and women, have been arrested and tortured. At least three villagers have been killed. This would be the largest forced relocation since 1996-1998, when more than 300,000 villagers in southern and central Shan State were displaced.@ Battles between government forces and ethnic groups in Shan State in August 2009 and along the Thai border region in June 2009 have raised serious concerns about security both inside Burma and its spillover effects in neighbouring countries.
  • There is serious concern about the continuing armed conflict in Kayin state, which severely affects the civilian population. It has been reported that in Hsaw Law Kho village, three villagers were killed and over a dozen more tortured by Infantry Battalion No 48 on 5 November 2009.
  • The UN urges the government and all armed groups to ensure the protection of civilians, in particular children and women, during armed conflict. Recruitment of child soldiers, displacement of villagers, the use of anti-personnel landmines, and the forced labour of civilians should stop without any delay.


Myanmar’s Suu Kyi calls for united response to ‘unjust’ law
Agence France Presse: Thu 11 Mar 2010

Yangon – Myanmar’s detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi Thursday called on her people to respond to an “unjust” election law issued by the junta that bars her from the vote, her lawyer said.Under the laws enacted Monday, which have sparked international anger, Suu Kyi faces exclusion from her own National League for Democracy (NLD) and is prevented from standing in the elections expected in October or November.

“The people and political forces have to respond united to such an unjust law,” Suu Kyi said according to her lawyer and NLD spokesman Nyan Win, after he visited the democracy icon, who has been locked up for 14 of the last 20 years.

“She didn’t think such a repressive law would come out,” he told AFP, adding that her disposition was “more cheerful” than expected during the meeting.

Under the legislation — slammed as a “mockery” by the United States — the Nobel Peace Laureate is not allowed to run in the election on the grounds that she is a serving prisoner.

On Thursday Myanmar’s ruling junta also unveiled on state television its handpicked election commission to oversee the polls, leading to criticism from rights groups that the body would not be impartial.

It cited an order signed by General Tin Aung Myint Oo, the number five in the junta hierarchy, and named the chairman of the new commission as Thein Soe, without giving further details.

The new laws also officially annul the result of Myanmar’s last elections in 1990, which the NLD won by a landslide. The junta never allowed the party to take power.

But in a surprise move, authorities permitted the reopening of around 300 NLD offices which were shut after an attack by a pro-junta mob on Suu Kyi’s motorcade in May 2003 which left dozens of people dead.

“They have not yet informed our party headquarters but the authorities have informed regional and divisional offices that they can reopen,” Nyan Win said.

The new laws give parties just 60 days from Monday to decide whether to register, but the NLD has not yet said if it will do so.

Suu Kyi’s house arrest was extended by 18 months in August after she was convicted over an incident in which a US man swam to her home.

UN chief Ban Ki-moon Wednesday renewed his appeal to the junta to free the 64-year-old and let her take part in the elections and Britain expressed “regret” over Suu Kyi’s exclusion.

The United States, which has imposed heavy sanctions on Myanmar but recently launched a policy of increased engagement with the regime, reacted angrily to the new laws.

“The political party registration law makes a mockery of the democratic process and ensures the upcoming election will be devoid of credibility,” US State Department spokesman Philip Crowley said Wednesday.

The Philippines on Thursday described the law affecting Suu Kyi as a “farce”, becoming the first member of the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to publicly comment. The group includes Myanmar.

But China, which has huge investments in neighbouring Myanmar, said the laws were a matter for Myanmar alone.

“These are the internal affairs of Myanmar, which need to be properly resolved by the government and people of Myanmar,” said Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang.

Analysts said the laws proved that the elections were mainly aimed at legitimising and entrenching the generals’ grip on power and were a “survival strategy”.

“Accordingly, it is almost sure that the 2010 elections will not achieve genuine democracy in Myanmar,” Toshihiro Kudo, from the Institute of Developing Economies in China, Japan, said in emailed comments.



Myanmar junta annuls election held 20 years ago
Reuters: Thu 11 Mar 2010

Yangon – Myanmar’s military government on Thursday officially annulled the results of the country’s 1990 general election, a poll it chose to ignore at the time when the main opposition party won by a landslide.The 1990 polls were declared null and void because they did not comply with a new parliamentary election law enacted this week, the junta said in a statement published in Thursday’s official newspapers.

“It must be deemed that the results of the multiparty democracy elections held under that annulled law have also been annulled automatically since they are not consistent with this new law,” it said in the announcement in state media.

The National League for Democracy (NLD) party, led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, won the 1990 election, taking 392 of the 485 seats in parliament, but it was never allowed to rule.

The junta, then known as the State Law and Order Restoration Council, said it would honor the result but refused to allow the NLD to take office until a new constitution was drafted and an investigation conducted into the polls.

Myanmar plans to hold an election this year, the first since the 1990 vote, but the process has already been derided by critics as a sham to entrench nearly five decades of military rule in the former British colony.

(Reporting by Aung Hla Tun; Writing by Martin Petty; Editing by Alan Raybould and Sugita Katyal)



Burma’s election laws amorphous on Diaspora
Mizzima News: Thu 11 Mar 2010

The Burmese military junta’s election laws have conveniently failed to address the fundamental issues of millions of Burmese in Diaspora, residing outside the country for years due to political and economic upheaval.“Many migrant workers are concerned about the political situation in their country because that is one of the reasons that they came out as migrant workers,” said Debbie Stothard, Coordinator for Altsean-Burma. “It is very clear that there is not going to be any change to get jobs…so all the economic management and the systematic human rights abuses that forced people to leave Burma are still likely to continue.”

The law vaguely mentions that the Foreign Ministry is directed to organize advanced voting for those who live outside the country.

Millions of Burmese citizens are living in neighbouring countries such as Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Singapore. In Thailand alone, it is estimated that at least two million Burmese live and work as migrant workers. This is in addition to some 150,000 refugees in camps along the Thai-Burma border region, who have fled Burma due to the ongoing civil war.

In India there are an estimated 50,000 odd Burmese in Mizoram State alone living as illegal migrant workers; while Malaysia has more than 150,000 Burmese workers staying legally, with the illegal number of Burmese residents in Malaysia estimated to easily match the legal figure.

According to the Parliamentary Election Law (for House of Representatives) announced today, an eligible candidate has to live in the country for a minimum of at least 10 consecutive years in the run-up to the election.

Thousands of Burmese pro-democracy activists left Burma in the years following the 1988 popular uprising.

The new law also says that the military will hold 25 per cent of parliamentary seats, 110 out of a total 440 in the House of Representatives. Further, the country’s Commander-in-Chief will select and nominate the 110 members to represent the military. And in the Nationalities Parliament, the military is to have 56 out of a total 224 representatives encompassing the 14 States and Divisions of the country.

At the same time, the government is prepared to crack down on any anti-election and anti-voting activities under the guise of a clause detailing that anyone who speaks, writes or rallies against voting can be sentenced to a maximum of one year in jail or Kyat 100,000 or both.

“I think it is very clear from the election law that the polls are not going to improve the situation in Burma,” Stothard said and added “so the international community has to understand that it is actually unsafe to force refugees and migrant workers back to Burma under such conditions.”

Since 1962, when the military took over power by a coup, at least five million Burmese are believed to have sought a better living throughout the world. According to official statistics of 2008, there are nearly 28 million eligible voters in the country of around 55 million people.

Estimates from human rights groups working along the border and inside Burma say there are about two million internally displaced persons in Burma, especially in Karen and Shan States.

Despite repeated calls by the National League for Democracy to recognize the results of the 1990 elections, Burma’s military regime has now officially annulled the 1990 results through its new election laws. The law for the Parliamentary Election clearly states that the results of the 1990 elections have been canceled as of March 8 this year.

Reports circulating inside Burma and abroad say that the regime will hold the 2010 elections on October 10, although the government is yet to announce the official date.



Burma’s electoral laws undemocratic: Indian experts
Mizzima News: Thu 11 Mar 2010

Indian constitutional experts and election observers have said that Burma’s electoral laws that the junta has started announcing since March 8 through the state controlled media do not follow democratic norms.The laws promulgated by the Burmese government for the elections in 2010, goes against democratic norms and it will not pave the way for democracy.

Subash Kashyap, a constitution expert and former Secretary General in the Indian Parliament said: “what is going on in Burma is really a serious matter. What the junta is doing over the last two decades is totally against democratic laws”.

Election laws announced by the junta have barred pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from being a member of a party, from forming a party or contesting the elections. The new law states that anyone serving a prison term cannot be a member of a political party. Aung San Suu Kyi is presently under 18 months house arrest. She was convicted for flouting the terms of her house arrest in August last year after an uninvited American man John Yettaw swam to her house and stayed there for two days.

“It is wrong to keep the opposition leader under house arrest. She must be freed to contest elections. Under democratic laws every individual has the right to contest elections. There can be no election if there is no opposition party,” Sanjay Kumar at Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) in New Delhi told Mizzima.

Sabya Sachi, a professor and an election observer in Kolkata told Mizzima, “If such laws are made then there will never be peace and democracy in the country.”

“Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi must be set free and should be allowed to campaign. She must be allowed to speak in public, free to meet people and must be allowed to hear public demands,” he added.

The junta is implementing its ‘Seven Points Road Map to Democracy’ with the fifth step being the elections this year, after 20 years. In 1990 Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy swept to victory but was refused power.

The 2010 elections laws also bar the over 2100 political prisoners to take part in the elections. It reserves 25 per cent of parliamentary seats for the country’s military.

“Unless and until Aung San Suu Kyi is released, there will not be free and fair elections, said Subash Kashyap.

The 64-year-old Suu Kyi has been in detention for the last 20 years. The new law also gives the NLD just 60 days from March 8 to register as a party if it wants to take part in the elections. With the new laws, NLD will either have to expel its leader Suu Kyi and more than 400 members of the party, who are in jails or face de-registration.

Human rights groups have condemned the junta’s electoral laws as “designed to exclude the main opposition party and ensure a victory for the ruling military”.

“The new law’s assault on opposition parties is sadly predictable,” said Brad Adams, Asia Director at Human Rights Watch. “It continues the sham political process that is aimed at creating the appearance of civilian rule with a military spine.”

Meanwhile, the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon has made a statement in New York that the laws “so far suggest that they do not measure up to the international community’s expectations of what is needed for an inclusive political process.”

He has called on the Burmese government to ensure a fair, transparent and credible elections and allow Aung San Suu Kyi to freely participate in the polls.



New Burma election law ‘a farce’ – Estrella Torres
Business Mirror (Philippines): Thu 11 Mar 2010

FOREIGN Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo called the new election law passed by Burma’s military junta as a “farce” as it fails to facilitate the release and participation in the elections of Nobel laureate and peace icon Aung San Suu Kyi.The Philippines’ chief diplomat said Burma’s military junta had committed to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) in 2007 to fulfill its own road map to democracy, which includes the holding of its first inclusive democratic elections and the release of Suu Kyi and the rest of the political prisoners.

The Philippines and Burma, renamed by junta leaders as Myanmar, are members of Asean, along with Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia and Laos.

“Unless they [referring to Burma’s junta] release Suu Kyi and allow her and her party to participate in the
elections, it’s [new election law] a farce and, therefore, contrary to their Road map to Democracy,” said Romulo in a statement on Thursday.

Burma’s junta leaders passed the Political Parties Registration Law on March 8. It bans people convicted by a court of law from party membership—which may force Suu Kyi’s expulsion from the National League for Democracy (NLD).

Suu Kyi has spent 14 of the past 20 years in self-exile. In August last year, the democracy icon and Nobel Peace laureate was convicted of violating the terms of her house arrest when she sheltered an American who swam to her lakeside residence. Her term of house arrest expires in November.

Burma Partnership, a network of rights groups in the Asia-Pacific region pushing for democracy in the military-ruled nation, said the passage of the new election law painted a “dire image” of the elections. The group said the junta has not even announced a date for holding elections that was supposed to be held in May this year.

The rights group has identified crucial loopholes in the new election law, which it viewed would still fail to democratize the nation.

Burma Partnership pointed out that the election commission formed by the junta to implement the new law will have the authority to convene the election and will exercise “final decision-making power throughout and administer and direct political parties.”

“This means that the elections will unfold according to the junta’s wishes,” said Burma Partnership.

The group added that most of the key political figures, including Suu Kyi and ethnic leaders, were barred from forming political parties and participating in the elections.

The new election law also requires political parties participating in the elections to abide by and protect the 2008 Constitution, which was criticized as undemocratic and fundamentally flawed.

The rights network said such provision shows that the regime does not envision the elections and the ensuing government to be a transformative step toward true democracy, but rather a means to maintain power.

Burma Partnership believes that Suu Kyi and her colleagues in the NLD may not be able to participate in the elections because most of them have been convicted and are still in detention. The new election law only allows party leaders to register for the upcoming elections within 60 days.



U.N. rights envoy seeks Myanmar war crimes inquiry – Stephanie Nebehay
Reuters: Thu 11 Mar 2010

Geneva – The United Nations human rights investigator for Myanmar called on Thursday for an international inquiry into possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the ruling junta.Tomas Ojea Quintana, U.N. special rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar, said a pattern of gross and systematic violations of fundamental freedoms continued in the country formerly known as Burma which has promised elections this year.

“According to consistent reports, the possibility exists that some of these human rights violations may entail categories of crimes against humanity or war crimes under the terms of the statute of the International Criminal Court,” Ojea Quintana said in a 30-page report to the U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva.

Activist groups welcomed his recommendation, calling it unprecedented since the United Nations established a mandate to look into human rights violations in Myanmar in 1992.

Violations included mass arrests of dissidents, deaths and torture of detainees, lack of freedom of assembly, religion and expression, and forced labour, according to the Argentine lawyer who made his third trip to Myanmar last month.

As Myanmar had failed to investigate the abuses, “U.N. institutions may consider the possibility to establish a commission of inquiry with a specific fact-finding mandate to address the question of international crimes,” he said.

There were indications that the violations were “the result of a state policy that involves authorities in the executive, military and judiciary at all levels,” he said.

POLITICAL PRISONERS DOUBLE

Ojea Quintana called for the release of 2,100 political prisoners — including monks, students, lawyers, journalists and dissidents — that he said were being detained in Myanmar. They had nearly doubled in number in the past two years.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, who has been detained for 15 of the past 21 years and was sentenced to a further 18 months of house arrest last August, is among them.

He called for the end of her house arrest, saying it violated both international and domestic law, and voiced regret that he was not allowed to visit her on his latest mission.

Myanmar’s military government has allowed her National League for Democracy party to reopen regional branch offices that have been closed since May 2003, a party spokesman said in Yangon on Thursday.

“The elections cannot be free, fair, transparent and inclusive, in accordance with international standards, without the freedom of expression, opinion, association and assembly,” Ojea Quintana declared.

Noting there was still no election date, he said that the delay raised serious doubts about the possibility of providing adequate time for all parties to fairly contest the elections.

Dissenting voices are not tolerated in Myanmar and there are at least 12 journalists and many more bloggers in prison, according to the independent investigator.

Ojea Quintana voiced concern at reports about an “alarmingly high number of deaths in prison”. Deprivation of food and water, as well as denial of medical care, are used as punishment. Up to 130 political prisoners are said to be in poor health, he said.



UN urges Burma to let Aung San Suu Kyi contest polls
Agence France Presse: Thu 11 Mar 2010

United Nations – UN chief Ban Ki-moon overnight renewed his appeal to Myanmar rulers to let detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi take part in upcoming polls after new election laws disqualified her.“The Secretary General reiterates his call for the Myanmar authorities to ensure an inclusive political process leading to fair, transparent and credible elections in which all citizens of Myanmar, including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, can freely participate,” his office said in a statement.

In a law printed for the first time overnight in state newspapers, Myanmar’s military junta said that anyone serving a prison term cannot be a member of a political party.

Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) – which won Myanmar’s last elections in 1990 but was stopped from taking power by the junta — would in turn be abolished if it failed to obey the rules.

The United Nations said it was carefully studying the new laws, adding: “the indications available so far suggest that they do not measure up to our expectations of what is needed for an inclusive political process.”

Myanmar’s Political Parties Registration Act also gives the NLD just 60 days from Monday, when the law was enacted, to register as a party if it wants to take part in the elections, or else face dissolution.

The NLD has yet to announce whether it will take part in the polls promised by the junta, which are expected in October or November although the Government has still not set a date.

The 64-year-old Suu Kyi has been in detention for 14 of the last 20 years since the previous elections.

She was already barred from standing as a candidate under a new constitution approved in a 2008 referendum that stipulates that those married to foreigners are ineligible. Her husband, British academic Michael Aris, died in 1999.

The Nobel Peace laureate was sentenced to three years’ jail last August over an incident in which a US man swam to her lakeside home. Suu Kyi’s sentence was commuted by junta supremo Than Shwe to 18 months under house arrest.



Belt, braces and army boots
Economist: Thu 11 Mar 2010

THE junta ruling Myanmar has had 20 years to digest the lessons from the country’s most recent election. It was trounced by the National League for Democracy, even though the opposition’s charismatic leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, was already under house arrest. This year on an unnamed date (perhaps its astrologers cannot agree) the junta will hold another election. It will not lose this one.Election laws published this week do not quite spell out the result. But a “political-parties registration law” bars Miss Suu Kyi and other political prisoners, of whom there are more than 2,000, from belonging to a party because of their criminal convictions. Cut off from politics by her house arrest, Miss Suu Kyi is anyway barred from office as the widow of a foreigner. Her party now has to expel her and other detainees. The law also bans civil servants from joining parties, along with monks, who led anti-government protests in 2007.

The dilemma the opposition faces has become sharper. It has long had to worry about whether to add legitimacy to a sham electoral process by taking part, or risk further marginalisation by boycotting it. Now the League has been allowed to reopen branch offices closed since 2003. But it has 60 days to decide, in effect, between taking part in the election and abolition as a legal party. In 1995 it pulled out of a farcical “national convention” drafting a new constitution. The constitution that emerged in 2008 duly enshrines the role of the army. This time the League may feel compelled to take part, but find that just as ineffectual.

The election, nonetheless, does come at a time of some sort of change, if only generational. Than Shwe, the “senior general” (pictured), is 77. He and his comrades are preparing to pass on the baton. Western diplomats hope that, having cut their teeth fighting a Chinese-backed communist insurgency, they are uneasy with Myanmar’s isolation from the West and loth to bequeath their successors a regime so reliant on China. The election, one stop on a “road map” to democracy, in this analysis, is one way of opening up.

In another change the junta has started a remarkable if stealthy process of selling state assets: ports, buildings in Yangon vacated by its shift of capital in 2005, petrol stations, telecoms firms and a share in the national airline. This is hardly a gesture to economic reform—the sales are cooked-up deals benefiting junta cronies. But nor does it seem just the desperation of a cash-strapped regime. Rather, in the analysis of Yeni, of Irrawaddy, a magazine published by émigrés in Thailand, it is the “formal transfer of the nation’s wealth into the hands of an entrenched elite”, ahead of an election and the implementation of a new constitution which, in theory, should allow greater competition for assets. This elite is “pre-emptively buying up everything in sight”. It has a similar attitude to competition of the democratic kind.



Business as usual in Burma – Simon Tisdall
Guardian (UK): Thu 11 Mar 2010

The Burmese junta’s new electoral laws are designed to give the regime a veneer of democratic respectability.A call by a senior UN official for Burma’s military rulers to be investigated for “international crimes”, including crimes against humanity and war crimes perpetrated against Burmese civilians, has ratcheted up pressure on the junta as it finalises much-criticised plans for the country’s first elections in 20 years. The development also casts further doubts on flailing US attempts to engage the regime diplomatically after years of ostracism and sanctions.

In a draft report to the UN human rights council published last week, Tomás Ojea Quintana, special rapporteur on human rights in Burma, describes:

“A pattern of gross and systematic violation of human rights which has been in place for many years and still continues… There is an indication that those violations are the result of a state policy that involves authorities in the executive, military and judiciary at all levels.”

Quintana goes on: “The possibility exists that some of these (violations) may entail categories of crimes against humanity or war crimes under the terms of the statute of the international criminal court.” For this reason, he suggests the UN security council should set up a “commission of inquiry with a specific, fact-finding mandate to address the question of international crimes”.

The report, which has yet to be considered by the human rights council, says the forthcoming elections, expected in October, provide an opportunity for positive change. But it is pessimistic the junta will allow the chance to be seized.

“During his last mission (in February), the special rapporteur received no indication that all prisoners of conscience will be released, that freedom of opinion and association will be guaranteed in the context of these elections, and that ethnic communities will be able to fully participate.”

The pressure group Burma Campaign UK today welcomed what it said was an unprecedented UN call for an inquiry, calling it a “major step forward” that would increase pressure on the US, British and regional governments to adopt a tougher line. Burma’s main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by the jailed Nobel peace prizewinner Aung San Suu Kyi, has repeatedly drawn attention to widespread, ongoing human rights abuses, including the incarceration of 2,000 political prisoners. It also suggests the planned elections will be very far from free or fair.

The junta’s unveiling of electoral laws this week has served to strengthen the impression that the polls will be a closely controlled charade designed to give the regime a veneer of democratic respectability. The new rules effectively prevent Suu Kyi and her jailed supporters from standing for election. They establish a government-controlled election oversight body with the power to prevent or annul voting in any part of the country for “security reasons”. And just to be on the safe side, the junta has formally declared the 1990 elections, which the NLD won in a landslide, to be invalid.

By allowing the NLD to reopen 100 regional offices offices closed since 2003, the regime is clearly hoping that, despite the restrictions, a decapitated opposition will participate in the poll, thereby boosting its credibility. This has created a dilemma for those NLD leaders who are not in jail. “I think they want us to take part in the election but we still haven’t made up our minds about this,” said spokesman Nyan Win. He described some of the new electoral provisions, such as a requirement that parties uphold the generals’ gerrymandered 2008 constitution, as “completely unacceptable”.

External reaction to the junta’s latest machinations has been fierce. The new rules “make a mockery of the democratic process… There’s no hope this election will be credible,” a US state department spokesman said. Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, said he had written to the junta, urging the release of all political prisoners, including Suu Kyi, so they can take part in the polls. Britain has endorsed the demand.

But the UN rapporteur’s call for investigations into crimes against humanity and war crimes allegedly perpetrated by junta members potentially raises the long-running Burmese drama to a new level. Having pursued diplomatic contacts with the regime since taking office, the Obama administration came close to admitting this week that its policy of engagement was not working. But what to do? The White House is currently setting human rights and democracy concerns against a top security priority – persuading the generals to curb their military ties with North Korea.

The over-riding fear in Washington is that Burma could become another nuclear-armed rogue state. The fear among Burmese activists and thwarted democrats is that they will again be abandoned to their fate, cast as helpless stooges in a cruel election travesty.



Regime looks to the law to deal with the NLD – Ko Ko Thet
Irrawaddy: Thu 11 Mar 2010

If there is one thing all authoritarian systems have in common it’s their desire to eliminate all forms of dissent. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) of Burma is no exception. Having the will as well as the means to crush the organized urban opposition—the most popular of which is the National League for Democracy (NLD)—it is a wonder why the Burmese regime has not done just that. It may be that the SPDC has been weighing its actions against possible reactions. If their actions went out of proportion, there would be perverse consequences.

A more viable answer lies in the nature of the conflict that is going on between the two parties. It is well-known that, when faced with clear and present danger such as a mass uprising, the regime spares no effort to crush dissent. But the NLD presents a special case.

The war of attrition that is going on between the NLD and the SPDC is mostly of a legalistic nature. The NLD, being a legitimate entity, bent on claiming power via an electoral process, has never gone out of its way. The NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi also appears to be an ardent proponent of civil disobedience of the type that aims to prove the injustice of an authoritarian system by suffering from its unjust laws.

As much as the NLD wishes to undermine the SPDC within the legal framework, the SPDC wishes to do likewise to the NLD. This explains why the NLD leadership controversially opted to remain out of the picture of the Saffron Revolution.

This also explains why the SPDC has not outlawed the NLD even though it has often accused the organization of having been directly linked to exiled political groups it consider as enemies.

Since the NLD walked out of the constitution-drafting process at the regime-led National Convention in 1993, there has hardly been any indication that the regime would want the NLD back. In fact, there is every indication that the SPDC has been systematically pushing the NLD out of its tolerance limit—out of the legal framework. Being expert at Fabian tactics, the regime found it most expedient to wear the NLD out in a legalistic way.

First of all, the SPDC has made a point of making the life of NLD members intolerable. Targeted repression and intimidation of select but grassroots NLD members and their families by the authorities all over the country in the past two decades have been well-documented.

Many NLD members simply ceased to become members as they could not sustain their livelihood as long as they are associated with the opposition party.

Then came public humiliation and denunciation of the NLD leaders by the SPDC’s mass organization, the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA). A series of such measures in the late 1990s was followed by the forced closure of NLD offices in the provinces that aimed to cut the local NLD support for its Rangoon headquarters.

Around the same time, the resignation of some of the NLD members who had been forced out of the struggle under duress became regular news in the SPDC papers. It should be noted that, whatever it does to the NLD or others, the SPDC has always managed to find a “legal reason” to justify its actions.

More recently, the release of the NLD senior leader Win Tin in September 2008 and Tin Oo in February this year, while keeping key leader Suu Kyi in continued detention incommunicado, is seen as carefully calculated moves to cause a divide in the NLD leadership.

Today, what remains of the NLD are tried and tested members, the few but the most formidable. Very few of the groups that are now set to be part of the electoral process can match the NLD when it comes to the sacrifice and political integrity of individual members. So why would the regime want the NLD to be part of its future?

The irony of the Burmese regime, which is widely considered to be above the law, is its obsession with law. The election law now provides it with a “lawful reason” to outlaw the NLD or remove Suu Kyi from it. It is definitely easier for the regime to handle Suu Kyi if her party is disbanded or if she lacks legitimate organizational backing.

Now the ball is back in the NLD’s court. The party has less than 60 days to decide its future. Whatever the NLD chooses, the change in the nature of the struggle between the SPDC and the NLD will alter the conflict as well as the individuals involved in it.

* Ko Ko Thett is a Burma analyst, based in Helsinki.



Myanmar junta allows Suu Kyi’s party to reopen branch offices
Associated Press: Wed 10 Mar 2010

Yangon – Myanmar’s ruling junta on Wednesday issued permission for detained pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi’s party to reopen its branch offices, a party spokesman said.Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy has opened its 35 township branch offices in Yangon, according to an official source.

“Authorities have reopened party branch offices in Yangon and in other districts across the country this evening,” the spokesman said.

The action by the junta followed its decision earlier Wednesday to disqualify Suu Kyi from participating in upcoming national elections.

The new political parties registration law, announced in state-run newspapers Wednesday, barred electoral participation by members of a political party if they have been convicted in court.

The ruling military closed down all offices of Suu Kyi’s NLD in May 2003, following a deadly clash between her followers and the pro-junta mob in central Myanmar.

The junta allowed the party’s head office in Yangon to operate in April 2004. But it had continued to close other branch offices across the country.

The NLD had been persistently calling for the reopening of its branch offices in the past years while seeking an early release of Suu Kyi and other political prisoners.



Western sanctions fuel rare strikes in Myanmar – Aung Hla Tun
Reuters: Wed 10 Mar 2010

Yangon – Western sanctions that have decimated Myanmar’s once-thriving garment sector have led to a rare spate of strikes that have unnerved its military rulers, fearful of civil unrest in the run-up to long-awaited elections.Four South Korean-owned factories were brought to a halt for several days last week and another on Monday by sit-in protests by more than 3,000 workers demanding better working conditions and higher pay, demands owners say they cannot meet.

They were among 20 garment factories in the commercial capital, Yangon, that have suffered strikes since Feb. 8.

“We are doing our best to help the workers and management negotiate and reach an agreement,” a senior Labour Ministry official told Reuters.

“The security measures imposed around the factories are not meant to suppress the strikes but just to contain them so that there will not be any infiltration from outside and the strike will not grow into civil unrest,” he added.

Strikes and other forms of protests are rare in Myanmar, where small demonstrations over increases in fuel and cooking gas prices in 2007 mushroomed into countrywide marches by Buddhist monks, sparking a crackdown in which at least 31 people died.

Analysts and diplomats say the government appears to be especially sensitive to the risk of unrest with elections scheduled for this year under the a seven-step “roadmap to democracy” drawn up by the junta.

The workers say their aims are not political.

“Our strike was nothing to do with democracy or elections,” said factory worker Khin Kyaw. “None of us wants our factories to close down. If that happens, we workers and our families would be hit worse than our employers.”

CRIPPLING SANCTIONS

Myanmar’s garment industry has shrunk by an estimated 75 percent since sanctions were imposed in 2001 by the United States, the sector’s biggest market and the main source of the $816 million in revenue generated that year.

Trade embargoes led to a sharp fall in the years that followed and the latest figure, for fiscal 2008/09 (April-March), was $292 million.

Many Western governments admit sanctions, imposed because of Myanmar’s poor human rights record, have had only a limited impact on the rich ruling generals. Meanwhile, many ordinary citizens are struggling to make ends meet.

The Labour Ministry estimates Myanmar had 400 garment factories employing 300,000 workers in 2000, now down to 120 factories and with a combined total of 60,000 staff.

There is little hope of business picking up, with increased competition from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand, which are less bureaucratic and offer low costs and cheap labour.

Those countries are also entitled to the European Union’s Generalised System of Preferences (GSP), reduced trade tariffs not available to Myanmar because of sanctions on the regime.

“The shrinking market has hit us a lot. To make matters worse, we are not entitled to GSP … which can make your profit rise by 11 percent to 17 percent,” Myint Soe, chairman of Myanmar’s Garment Entrepreneurs Association, told Reuters.

Monthly salaries of Myanmar garment workers range from 35,000 to 45,000 kyat (about $35 to $45) compared with the $65 monthly minimum wage of their Vietnamese counterparts.

Along with hundreds of riot police, the government has dispatched Labour Ministry officials to help negotiate an end to the recent strikes, but factory owners say they have little room to manoeuvre and fear the worst.

“If they can agree an increase of 5,000 kyat, it’s okay, we can adjust it,” said one owner, who asked not to be identified. “But if they demand more than that, we won’t break even and our last resort will be to close the factory.”

(Writing by Martin Petty; Editing by Alan Raybould and Alex Richardson)



Election laws may shut down opposition parties
Human Rights Watch: Burma: Thu 11 Mar 2010

New York – Newly issued laws in preparation for 2010 elections in Burma are designed to exclude the main opposition party and ensure a victory for the ruling military, Human Rights Watch said today.The ruling State Peace and Development Council today released the Political Party Registration Law, which includes provisions barring prisoners from being members of political parties. The law effectively excludes more than 2,100 political activists currently imprisoned on politically motivated charges, including Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD). Provisions included in the law instruct any party wishing to register to expel members currently serving prison terms. A party that fails to do so will lose its registration and be unable to contest the elections.

“The new law’s assault on opposition parties is sadly predictable,” said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “It continues the sham political process that is aimed at creating the appearance of civilian rule with a military spine.”

Yesterday the military government released the first of five laws in preparation for long promised polls in 2010, whose official date has yet to be announced. The Political Party Registration Law states that, “A prisoner may not be a member of a political party.” The law also requires existing political parties, such as the NLD, which won the 1990 elections, re-register within 60 days of March 10.

Human Rights Watch believes that there are 429 members of the NLD currently imprisoned, including 12 members elected to parliament in 1990. Aung San Suu Kyi will be effectively barred because she is currently serving a term of house arrest following her conviction in 2009 on politically motivated charges of permitting an intruder into her house in Rangoon while she was under house arrest imposed since 2003. Human Rights Watch is calling for the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners in Burma through its 2,100 in 2010: Free Burma’s Political Prisoners campaign.

“The law requires the NLD to choose between participating in the elections and keeping its leader and hundreds of its unjustly imprisoned members,” said Adams. “This is a choice that no political party should have to make and is a transparent attempt to knock the main opposition party out of the running.”

Other laws reportedly to be released this week include provisions for the upper and lower houses of parliament and the 14 regional parliaments as outlined in the 2008 constitution.

The release of the laws is the penultimate step in the military government’s long drawn out “Road Map to Disciplined Democracy,” a repressive process that has seen political parties deregistered and in some cases outlawed, and thousands of activists sent to prison.

The NLD overwhelmingly won the last elections held in Burma in 1990 with more than 80 percent of the seats and 60 percent of the popular vote. The ruling junta ignored the result and announced plans to write a new constitution, which began in 1993 and only concluded in September 2007. The new constitution, released in 2008 and endorsed by an implausible 92 percent of the population in an orchestrated referendum in May 2008, grants sweeping powers to the military. These include one-quarter of lower house seats and one-third of upper house seats in the parliament reserved for serving military officers, as well as immunity for military personnel from civilian prosecution and the reservation of key ministerial portfolios to serving military officers.

The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has called for “the release of all political prisoners, including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, and their free participation in the political life of their country; the commencement of dialogue between the Government and opposition and ethnic stakeholders as a necessary part of any national reconciliation process; and the creation of conditions conducive to credible and legitimate elections.” Close allies of Burma, including China, have called for an inclusive political process.

“Any optimism that these elections will usher in a period of change in Burma is cynically misplaced,” Adams said. “The Burmese government is demonstrating contempt for the democratic process, the people of Burma, and international opinion, including its friends in China, India, and ASEAN, who have asked for an inclusive political process.”



The election law: Not so free and fair – Aung Zaw
Irrawaddy: Wed 10 Mar 2010

Burma’s long awaited election law has been published in state controlled newspapers but failed to create much excitement. Unsurprisingly, no date for the election was set, although the regime has promised to hold it sometime this year.As anticipated, the election law will prevent the main opposition party and winner of the 1990 election, the National League for Democracy (NLD), and its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, from participating in the election. It’s also feared that the party registration law set a deadline for the NLD leaders, who haven’t yet decided whether to take part and are still urging the regime to agree to a review of the Constitution.

The law excludes electoral participation by members of a political party if they have been convicted in court. Suu Kyi is classed as a “a convicted criminal” for breaching her house arrest after American swimmer John Yettaw briefly stayed at her lakeside house last year.

However, knowing that she will be prevented from taking part in the election or from playing a role in future politics in Burma, Suu Kyi recently told her lawyers that the election won’t be free and fair, since there is no freedom of information in the country.

A number of dissidents inside and outside Burma have dismissed the election from the start and are urging a boycott of the polls.

The NLD’s delay in reaching a decision is perhaps a wise move, but the clock is ticking and there’s no more room for bargaining. It has 60 days from the enactment of the regime’s election law in which to decide whether or not to accept the terms of the party registration laws set by the regime.

If it fails to apply for registration within that time the NLD will automatically cease to exist as a legal entity.

State-run newspapers also carried details of the Union Election Commission Law under which the regime would select members of the election commission to supervise polling and the political parties. The regime will appoint as members of the election commission “persons which it views as distinguished and reputable.”

No matter how “distinguished” and “reputable” they are, the selection process will have little credibility and integrity since the regime will handpick commission members. The five-member commission will have the final say over the country’s first election in two decades, with responsibility for designating constituencies, compiling voter lists and “supervising political parties to perform in accordance with the law.”

Suu Kyi’s participation in the election is now out of the question. Even if the election law had not effectively excluded her, she is unlikely to be free when the election is held. Burma’s Home Affairs Minister recently said that the Nobel Peace Laureate could be freed in November—one month after the October date being tipped for the election.

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has urged the regime to free all political prisoners, including Suu Kyi, to enable them to participate in the election. “That would make the elections inclusive and credible,” he said in New York.

But Ban’s appeal falls on deaf ears in Naypyidaw. “If God himself came down and pleaded with the generals they wouldn’t heed him either,” joke many Burmese.

The US has expressed its concern and doubts about the election: “We are concerned by the Burmese authorities’ unilateral decision to begin releasing the election laws without first engaging in substantive dialogue with the democratic opposition or ethnic minority leaders,” said US Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs P. J. Crowley.

While the election uncertainty continues, tension increases in the far north, along the Sino-Burmese border, where another deadline has passed for armed ceasefire groups to join the controversial Border Guard Force (BGF).

Government forces have tightened security along the Sino-Burmese trade routes following expiry of the deadline on Sunday.

Reporters for The Irrawaddy who traveled to the border region saw evidence of increased military security along the road connecting Lashio and Muse in northern Shan State. The military command has also reportedly ordered tanks and other armor to the Kachin State capital, Myitkyina.

For nearly one year, the regime has been pressing ethnic armed groups to turn their armies into a border guard force, the BGF, under government command.

So far, only the New Democratic Army—Kachin and one Karenni group have indicated their readiness to comply.

Other groups, including the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), oppose the BGF proposal but are engaged in negotiations with the regime.

It will be interesting to see how a government now engaged in election preparations handles the standoff over its BGF proposal. It’s feared that fighting could break out again in the north or that the regime might employ divide and rule tactics to create splits within ethnic armies.

The regime has no shortage of options—including outlawing the largest ethnic armed group, the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and its political wing the United Wa State Party (UWSP), if they fail soon to agree to the BGF plan.

Like Suu Kyi and many other prominent political leaders and activists who have spent time in prison, the ethnic groups have little say in the planned election. For that reason alone, the election will be far from free, fair and inclusive.

* Aung Zaw is founder and editor of the Irrawaddy magazine.



Election commission law in English (Unofficial translation)
Mizzima News: Wed 10 Mar 2010

The following is the unofficial translation of the Election Commission Law by the Burmese regime dated 8 March 2010. Though the junta published the election commission law in Burmese in state-run newspapers, no English version has been published so far. Mizzima translates it.

Union Election Commission Law
(State Peace and Development Council Law No. 1/2010)
9th Waning Day of Tabaung, 1371 ME)
(8 March 2010)


Preamble

State Peace and Development Council, as provided in Article 443 of Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, hereby enacts the following Law, to form the Union Election Commission, for supervising political parties, and supervising people in exercising their right to stand for election and exercising their franchise.

Chapter 1

Title and Definition

1. This Law shall be called ‘Union Election Commission Law’.
2. The following expressions in this Law shall have the following meanings.

a. Hluttaw means
2. Pyithu Hluttaw (Lower House)
3. Amyotha Hluttaw (Upper House)
b. Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw (Assemblies in States and Self-administered regions)

2. Hluttaw Representatives (Member of Parliament) mean Representatives elected to a Hluttaw and Representatives being the Defence Services personnel nominated by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.

c. Election means Phithu Hluttaw election, Amyotha Hluttaw election and Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw elections.
d. Constituency means the constituencies for Pyithu Hluttaw constituency, Amyotha Hluttaw constituency and Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw constituency stipulated and prescribed by Election Commission as provided by the Law.
e. Voters’ List means the list of eligible voters compiled and prepared for each constituency.
f. Commission means Union Election Commission formed as provided by this Law to supervise elections and to supervise political parties.
g. Different levels of Commission means as follows:

2. Naypyitaw Sub-commission

2. Region or State Sub-commission
3. Self-administered Division or Self-administered Zone Sub-commission
4. District Sub-commission
5. Township Sub-commission
6. Ward or Village-tract Sub-commission

h. Political Party means the political organization formed in accordance with the Political Parties Registration Law.

i. Electoral Court means the body formed in accordance with this Law to hear the objection made to electing and appointing of the Leading Bodies of Self-Administered Areas and objection made to electoral disputes.

Chapter 2

Formation

3. State Peace and Development Council shall form the ‘Union Election Commission’ to supervise the conducting of First Hluttaws Elections and to supervise the political parties.
4. The Chairman and members of Election Commission shall be

a. Persons who have attained age of 50 years.

b. The persons to whom State Peace and Development Council deems to having a good reputation among the people.
c. The persons having dignity, integrity and are well-experienced.
d. Having loyalty to State and its citizens.
e. Non-member of any political party
f. Drawing no salaries, allowances, perks and persons who are not holding any office.

5. If the Chairman of Commission or member of commission wants to resign from their posts voluntarily, they can resign from their posts by tendering their resignation letter(s) to State Peace and Development Council.

6. If a post of Chairman or member of Commission is vacant due to voluntary resignation, or cease to be member of Commission or any other cause, the State Peace and Development Council may appoint new member(s) to the vacant post(s). The term of the newly appointed Election Commission Chairman or member of said Election Commission shall be the remaining term of said Election Commission.
7. The term of Election Commission will expire on the date the President of Republic of the Union of Myanmar has formed a Commission in accordance with the ‘Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar’.

Chapter 3

Duties and Powers

8. The Duties and Powers of Commission are as follows:

a. Holding Hluttaw Elections

b. Supervising and order to supervise said Elections
c. Forming, order to form, supervising and order to supervise different levels of Sub-commissions
d. Prescribing and re-delineation of constituencies
e. Compiling voters’ list, order to compile voters’ list, Preparing voters’ list, order to prepare voters’ list
f. Postponing and cancellation of holding elections in constituencies due to natural calamities or security reasons which may hamper the holding of free and fair elections in said constituencies
g. Issuing certificate recognizing as being elected as a member of Hluttaw (to each elected person)
h. Forming Electoral Courts in accordance with the Law to hear the electoral disputes
i. Forming Electoral Courts to hear the objection made under the Article 276, Sub-article (h) of Constitution (of Union of Myanmar), against appointing of a person in the Leading Bodies of Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Area
j. Appropriation and allocation of funds for the different levels of Commission and supervising and order to supervise the expenditure of these funds
k. Supervising, order to supervise and guiding the political parties to conduct their businesses in accordance with the law.
l. Performing any other function assigned by any other Law

9. The decisions and proceedings taken by Commission shall be final for the following matters:

a. Businesses regarding the Elections
b. Appeal cases and Revision cases against decision and orders handed down by the Electoral Courts
c. Businesses performed as provided by the Political Parties Registration Law

Chapter 4

General Provisions

10. All the expenses of Commission and different levels of Commission and expenses on holding election shall be borne by State Fund (Union Budget)
11. Commission may ask for necessary assistance(s) from the (government) department concerned, organization and personages in order to hold the elections successfully
12. The Commission and different levels of Commission formed under this Law shall succeed all the proceedings and businesses which are in progress or in pending of the Multi-Party Democracy General Election Commission
13. The Commission may make and issue necessary rules, procedures, notification, order and directive to perform the duties of implementing the provisions of this Law
14. Multi-Party Democracy General Election Commission Law (State Law and Order Restoration Council Law No. 1/88) is repealed and overruled by this Law.

* N.B. Unofficial translation



Burma rulers to ‘hand-pick’ election commission – Rachel Harvey
BBC News: Tue 9 Mar 2010

Bangkok – The first details of Burma’s newly enacted election laws have been published in state-controlled media.Burma’s military government announced on Monday that the long awaited laws had been passed – a crucial step.

No date for the poll has been set, but the ruling generals have promised that it will be sometime this year.

Critics say the elections, the first to be held in Burma for 20 years, will be a sham designed to entrench the military’s grip on power.

There are five election laws in total and so far the details of the first, concerning the election commission, have been made public.

Integrity

There are few surprises and little comfort for pro-democracy campaigners.

The commission itself will be hand-picked by the current military government, and its decisions will be final.

Each member of the election body must be at least 50 years old, be deemed by the ruling generals to be a person of integrity, and not a member of any political party.

Critics fear that in effect, that means the election commission will be staffed by military loyalists.

The details of four more laws will be published in the coming days.

They focus on the two new houses of parliament, the polls for regional and state elections and the registration of political parties.

The details of the new laws will be carefully scrutinised for any sign that Burma’s first election for two decades could be more transparent and representative than many fear.

The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon recently wrote to the head of the Burmese military government to express his concern about the credibility of the vote and the process leading up to it.



NLD will stick with Shwegondaing Declaration, says Win Tin – Phanida
Mizzima News: Tue 9 Mar 2010

Chiang Mai – Win Tin, senior leader of Burma’s main opposition party the National League for Democracy told Mizzima today that although Burma’s military government has begun issuing laws concerning this year’s national election, his party will maintain its stand that the regime must recognize that the NLD won Burma’s last election. “The result of the 1990 election must be recognized. That was one of the resolutions from the Shwegondaing Declaration. The result has to be recognized by one way or another. Our political stand and demand is the same as mentioned in the declaration”, said Win Tin who is also a member of NLD’s Central Executive Committee. wintin-nld-party1

The Shwegondaing Declaration issued by the NLD on the 29th April 2009 demands that the Burmese military regime release all political prisoners, recognize the results of the 1990 election, review the 2008 constitution and begin dialogue with NLD party leader Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s ruling military regime ignored the NLD’s demands and instead is moving forward with this year’s planned election. Today the regime issued a potentially restrictive Election Commission law that would severely limit the ability of main opposition party NLD to participate in elections. The regime has also indicated that over the next few days they will issue more election related laws.

The law for the election commission also abolished the previous election commission that oversaw the 1990 elections. Win Tin maintains that the result of the 1990 election, in which the NLD won 392 parliamentary seats out of a total of 485 seats, is not changed by the new law.

According to Win Tin, the NLD will decide whether or not to take part in this year’s election if the military regime recognizes the result of the 1990 election. Win Tin, now 81-years old was released in September 2008 after serving 19 years in prison, much of the time spent in solitary confinement.

According to Thailand based Assistance Association for Political Prisoners – Burma (AAPPB), there are more than 2100 political prisoners presently jailed in Burma, including more than 430 members of Win Tin’s NLD.

Mizzima has received an advanced copy of the law for the registration of political parties that will likely be released tomorrow. The law bans anyone serving in jail from forming political parties or even becoming a member of a political party. This clause effectively bars a large number of the regime’s political opponents. The party registration law also stipulates that national party must have at least 1000 members and 15 founding members. Regional Parties must have at least 500 members.

Under the law a political party must be registered with the election commission within 60 days of the March 8 national election commission law’s official proclamation. A party also must contest at least three parliamentary seats in order to avoid de-registration.

Dr Tuja, leader of the Kachin State Progressive Party, which has agreed to take part in the 2010 election, believes that when the Burmese government issued a new Election Commission law the results of the 1990 election were automatically voided.

“This newly promulgated law for Election Commission has abolished the SLORC (State Law and Order Restoration Council)’s Election Commission that was promulgated in 1988. It automatically abolishes the NLD’s demand to recognize the 1990 election result”, Dr Tuja told Mizzima.

Others observers strongly disagree, Naing Tin Aung from the Mon Democracy Party, argues that irrespective of the new election laws the Burmese military government needs to release all political prisoners and amend the 2008 constitution.

“We will consider whether to participate in the elections or not only after necessary preparations are met. An election can be held only after the constitution is amended based on democratic norms. A majority of people do not accept the constitution in its present form”, he told Mizzima in a phone interview.

The new constitution which guarantees a permanent role for the military in national affairs was approved by what many agree was a sham referendum held just a few days after Cyclone Nargis hit Burma’s delta areas and Rangoon in May 2008. Independent observers and political opponents of the regime widely criticized the constitution as “undemocratic” because it ensures that 25 % of the seats in parliament are reserved for military personnel appointed by the military’s supreme commander. The constitution also contains a clause that would prevent Aung San Suu Kyi from serving in government because she was married to a foreigner.



Border conflict could last ‘many more years,’ TBBC warns – Saw Yan Naing
Irrawaddy: Tue 9 Mar 2010

The Burmese Constitution’s failure to address “ethnic aspirations” could mean that conflict in the border areas would continue for “many more years to come,” according to the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC).In its latest report, the humanitarian agency—which oversees aid for nine refugee camps along the Thai-Burmese border—said the conflict had become a “peripheral issue” because of the international attention now commanded by the 2010 election.

“Whilst everyone hopes that the general election will indeed lead to meaningful change, the new constitution does not address ethnic aspirations and conflict could go on for many more years to come,” the report said.

“There was a danger that ethnic conflict in the border areas, remote from Rangoon, might increasingly become the ’side-show.’” the report added.
It warned that a “major emergency” was possible if the Burmese regime decided to “push for an early military solution.”

The TBBC report said last year had been a difficult one for the organization, which works with a tight budget to care for hundreds of thousands of Burmese refugees and internally displaced people. This year’s operating budget amounts to 1,230 million baht (US $37 million).

According to relief groups in Burma’s Karen State, recent military action by government troops and the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army in Taungoo and Papun District had caused more than 2,000 Karen villages to flee and hide in the jungle.

The government troops are from Light Infantry Battalions 421, 427, 434, 702 and 704, 434. They were accused by the Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People of attacking villages with mortars and killing civilians.


Vietnam bank to open branch in Myanmar
Deustche Presse-Agentur: Wed 10 Mar 2010

Hanoi – The Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam has received state approval to open a branch in Myanmar, local media reported Wednesday.The Voice of Vietnam’s website reported the bank had been given the go-ahead to open a branch in Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city, by Vietnam’s State Bank Tuesday.

The country has been broadening its trade ties with Myanmar in recent months.

The agriculture newspaper Nong Nghiep reported Tuesday that Vietnam is to grow 200,000 hectares of rubber trees on plantations in Myanmar. The agreement was reportedly sealed when Agriculture Minister Cao Duc Phat visited Myanmar last week.

In February, Vietnam Airlines started direct flights between Hanoi and Yangon. That followed a visit by Deputy Foreign Minister Doan Xuan Huong to Myanmar in January, during which he pledged to increase commercial ties.

Bilateral trade between the two countries reached 60 million dollars in the first nine months of 2009.


Iran and Myanmar to expand multilateral cooperation
Iran Student News Agency: Tue 9 Mar 2010

Tehran – Iran’s Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki and Myanmar’s Deputy Foreign Minister met and conferred on the expansion of political, commercial and cultural interrelations.Meeting Boomang Myth, Mottaki emphasized on more functional cooperation and said, joint economic commission, tourism and fundamental agreements for common investment are steps to take for improving of the level of interrelations.

Iran and Myanmar are to expand bilateral relations on different fields including energy, oil, gas, and agricultural products as well as technical, scientific and academic cooperation.

Deputy of Myanmar’s Foreign Minister, on his part, expressed Myanmar’s will to expand political, commercial and cultural cooperation with Iran.



Narco report on Burma
Voice of America: Tue 9 Mar 2010

According to the 2010 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Burma is the world’s second largest producer of illicit opium.According to the 2010 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Burma is the world’s second largest producer of illicit opium. Eradication efforts and implementation of poppy-free zones by hill tribe growers reduced cultivation levels dramatically between 1998 and 2006. But in 2007, a significant resurgence of cultivation occurred and in 2008, the upward trend in cultivation and production continued.

The overall decline in poppy cultivation in Burma since 1996 has been accompanied by a sharp increase in the local production and export of synthetic drugs. Opium, heroin, and amphetamine-type substances are produced predominantly in the border regions of Shan State and in areas controlled by ethnic minority groups.

The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report notes that Burmese law enforcement officials have achieved successes in 2009. Seizures are up, including nearly thirteen-fold increase in the seizure of methamphetamine tablets and sharp upward spikes in the amounts of precursor chemical seized.

In order for the reduction in poppy cultivation to be sustainable, a true opium replacement strategy must combine a range of counternarcotics actions, including crop eradication and effective law enforcement alternative development options, support for former poppy farmers, and openness to outside assistance. To reach its goals of eradicating all narcotics production and trafficking by 2014, the Burmese government must seek to cooperate closely with the ethnic groups currently involved in drug production and trafficking.

The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report also calls on Burma to consider effective new steps to address the explosion of amphetamine-type substances and production and trafficking from Burmese territory by gaining closer cooperation from ethnic groups.

Increased international assistance could complement Burma’s efforts in reducing drug production and trafficking in Burma. But direct provision of assistance to the Burmese government by many donors, including the United States, is contingent on meaningful democratic change. The U.S. suspended direct counternarcotics assistance to Burma in 1988 when the military overturned the democratic election of the National League for Democracy. Now is the time for the military regime of Burma to respect the voice of its people and allow a democratic transition to begin.



Ramos-Horta launches Burma petition – Simon Roughneen
Irrawaddy: Tue 9 Mar 2010

Timor-Leste President Jose Ramos-Horta has launched a worldwide petition for democracy in Burma, which also calls for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi ahead of the election due sometime in 2010.Speaking at Bradford University in the UK, as part of the university’s PeaceJam event, Nobel Peace Prize laureat Ramos-Horta said that Burma’s political divisions should be resolved by dialogue between all relevant parties and not through sanctions that penalize the people of the country.
President Jose Ramos-Horta (Photo: www.news.com.au)

His comments come after a recent controversy in which the Timor-Leste ambassador to the UN was apparently fired after voting in favour of a General Assembly resolution condemning the human rights situation in Burma.

Speaking to The Irrawaddy last month, Timorese Foreign Minister Zacarias da Costa said that the ambassador was replaced as his term of office had expired, an account disputed by Timor-Leste’s main opposition party, Fretilin.

Timor-Leste is currently seeking Asean membership, with a view to 2012 accession. All 10 Asean member-states, including Burma, would have to agree.

Ramos-Horta has in the past been an outspoken critic of the military government in Napyidaw. No Asean member-states voted in favor of a December 2009 resolution condemning rights abuses in Burma.

The Timorese president is currently in Ireland on the second leg of a four-country tour that takes him to Switzerland and Japan next week. He will address the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva on March 13. This comes two days before UN Special Rapporteur on Burma Tomas Ojea Quintana presents his third report on the human rights situation in the country, after his February visit.

Ramos-Horta survived an apparent assassination attempt in 2008, the details of which remain a mystery. Last week, courts in Dili sentenced rebels to prison for their role in the attacks on Ramos-Horta and Timor-Leste Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao.

However Marcelo Caetano, who was accused of shooting the president twice in the back, was found innocent, after Australian police evidence suggested that the bullet fragments taken from Ramos-Horta’s back during surgery in Australia did not come from Caetano’s gun.

On Wednesday, hours before the verdict, Ramos-Horta said that he thought Caetano had shot him.

Maj. Alfredo Reinado, the rebel leader implicated in the plot to kill Ramos-Horta and Gusmao, was gunned down at the scene. However, the Dili court found that claims by presidential guard Francisco Lino Marcal that he shot Reinado from a distance were false, with forensic pathologist Muhammad Nurul Islam concluding he was shot at close range, suggesting an execution.

The verdict also exonerated Reinados’ girlfriend, Angelita Pires, who had been vilified as a Lady Macbeth type-figure by many in the Timorese political elite, since the attacks on the president and prime minister.



Authorities persecute political opponents ahead of announced election
Asian Human Rights Commission: Tue 9 Mar 2010

While the military regime in Burma has iterated that it will hold a general election for a new legislature before the end of 2010, government officials have been relentlessly pursuing, intimidating and imprisoning political opponents. In recent weeks the Asian Human Rights Commission has issued appeals on a number of such cases, including the sentencing of a journalist to 13 years in jail for non-existent video footage; the detention, torture and evidence-free trial of 11 people; and the imprisonment of another nine on confessions obtained through use of torture.The imprisonment of opponents rightly attracts widespread concern and condemnation abroad. But the authorities in Burma have a range of other legal and extra-legal measures at their disposal to persecute dissidents and their families beyond the jail walls. A case in point is the recent auctioning of seized property owned by the family of one detainee, Daw Win Mya Mya, in Mandalay.

In 2008 the AHRC issued an appeal on the imprisonment of Daw Win Mya Mya and four other persons for allegedly having participated in a meeting of the National League for Democracy during September 2007 where according to the police the speeches were aimed at causing public unrest (AHRC-UAC-246-2008). Win Mya Mya is currently serving her sentence for these so-called crimes.

Meanwhile, some months before her arrest in 2007 the Mandalay municipality seized the market stall owned by Win Mya Mya’s family because of two small NLD stickers on one side of the premises. This February 17, it sold the stall at auction, despite repeated requests from the family to senior officials for the stall to be returned to them as the family income depends upon it. The family has also been unable to rent any other place with which to continue their business.

The persecuting of the family in this case speaks to the extent to which the authorities in Burma are prepared to exercise their coercive powers through a range of sanctions aimed not only at defeating the fundamental rights of political opponents through denial of fair trial and imprisonment but also comprehensively demolishing their social status and economic capacity.

It is also indicative of the pathetic conditions of a family victimized by officials in Burma, whose only possibility for redress is feudalistic: to approach senior army officers and beg that they not be punished for some perceived offence. This method of making a complaint and seeking satisfaction for wrongs committed belongs to the 18th century, not the 21st.

All this is while the military leadership has said that a general election for a new parliament will be held before the end of the year. Even though some persons inside and outside the country have expressed hope that the vote will mark a turning point in the long decades of army control over government in Burma, cases of this sort are indicative of how authorities at all levels are continuing with business as usual, and the extent to which the state’s coercive apparatus will continue operating according to its own logic and the objectives of its agents irrespective of what goes on upon the national political stage.

As the year passes and the ballot approaches, it will be beholden on persons and organisations concerned with human rights in Burma to continue to document, narrate and protest against such methods of persecuting political opponents, clearly and unequivocally. In this way, we can express concern and solidarity not only for the persons victimised, like Daw Win Mya Mya’s family, but also can paint a clearer picture of how the infrastructure of state in Burma has been evolved over the past half-century to suppress dissent and harass dissenters, and how it will continue to do so into the foreseeable future.

* The Asian Human Rights Commission is a regional non-governmental organisation monitoring and lobbying human rights issues in Asia. The Hong Kong-based group was founded in 1984.



‘Bless you Mr. Obama’ on Myanmar – Stanley A Weiss
Asia Times: Tue 9 Mar 2010

Mandalay – In September 1952, Russian dictator Joseph Stalin and Chinese foreign minister Chou Enlai convened an extraordinary meeting to discuss the future of Southeast Asia. As recorded in the book, Mao: The Unknown Story, Chou talked about the region “as if its fate were to be entirely decided by Peking”.He explained that China’s strategy was to “exert peaceful influence without sending armed forces”, offering up the examples of Burma (Myanmar) and Tibet. Stalin wryly replied, “Tibet is part of China – there must be Chinese troops deployed. As for Burma, you should proceed carefully.” Then, he confirmed, “It would be good if there was a pro-China government in Burma.”

Nearly 60 years later, it is striking how well Chou’s hopes have been realized. Chinese influence can be seen everywhere across the Southeast Asian nation. Locals quip that Mandalay, once home to Burmese kings, should now be renamed the “Capital of Yunnan”, China’s nearest province. In this city made famous for its white marble carvings, it is telling that 80% of all new orders are not to carve Myanmar-style statues, but rather Chinese-style Buddhas.

Less obvious is the Chinese presence in the remote northern regions, often hidden from Western eyes. The fabled jade mines of Kachin State, off-limits to most foreigners, host thousands of Chinese miners who send jade directly to China. Not far away, an environmentally damaging hydroelectric plant has been built by China, as one prominent business owner told this writer, “to cloak huge illegal clear-felling of forests by the Chinese”. Timber is moved along two highways that run directly from Myanmar to China, constructed in secret since 2004.

“The educated people of [Myanmar] know that China is looting their country of valuable resources and giving nothing in return,” a long-time Western observer of the country said. “They would love to have an alternative trading partner.”

But the West, through economic boycotts and sanctions, “has basically dealt itself out of the game”, says Thant Myint-U, grandson of former United Nations secretary general U Thant. China has rushed to fill the void with billions in aid and weapons sales to Myanmar’s junta, which has ruled under different generals since 1962.

But increasingly the feeling here is that the days must end for the United States treating Myanmar as a “boutique” issue (as one Barack Obama surrogate memorably said during the 2008 US presidential campaign) focused solely on human rights and the fate of Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. Three recent developments have shined a spotlight on US security interests in Myanmar, which sits significantly at the crossroads between China and India.

Strategic concerns
First, there is a pipeline. In November, China announced it was constructing a 675-kilometer (480-mile) oil pipeline from China through Myanmar to the Indian Ocean. As the world’s second-largest oil user, China has long faced the “Malacca Strait dilemma” – that 80% of its oil flows through the narrow strait between Malaysia and Indonesia which a hostile power could choke off in a conflict.

The new pipeline will help China avoid the Malacca Strait and give it access to the Indian Ocean. Its a move that US ally India clearly fears. New Delhi announced days after China revealed the plan that it would add 40 warships and new fighter jets to its Indian Ocean arsenal. It is a potential flashpoint the US does not need.

Second, there are Myanmar’s nuclear ambitions. In 2002, the junta confirmed plans to build a nuclear research reactor with Russian support. Army officers have since undergone training in Moscow. Recent reports about a stealth deal between Myanmar and North Korea to develop underground nuclear facilities have led some to dub Myanmar “the next North Korea”. “The nuclear issue,” Myanmar scholar Morten Pedersen says, “must be weighing heavy on minds in Washington – and must be addressed.”

Third, there is the spread of radical Islam in neighboring Bangladesh, where the “astronomical growth of Islamists in the military”, as scholar Sajeeb Wajed Joy has written, has leapt from 5% in 2001 to 35% today. As crackdowns against journalists and political opponents in Dhaka increase, the last thing the world needs is for Myanmar to become a Pakistan on the Irrawaddy that allows terrorist groups sanctuary in its remote northern regions.

The Obama administration has sought to begin a new conversation with Myanmar, conducting the highest-level talks with the generals in more than a decade. But aside from Senator James Webb – who visited Myanmar in 2009 – the US Congress is not listening. “It’s the usual congress full of ignorants, arrogants and self-righteous fools,” says Ma Thanegi, who spent three years in prison after working as Suu Kyi’s assistant. “Their tactics are helping to starve our people. Bless you, Mr Obama.”

Myanmar’s parliamentary election scheduled for this year – the first since 1990 – is an opportunity, as Pedersen says, “to change the overall thrust of US policy, to broaden its agenda in [Myanmar] to include peace-building and economic reform.” It is, adds Myanmar expert Robert Taylor, “a chance for the US to counter-balance the growing power of China in Asia and the world.”

* Stanley A Weiss is the founding chairman of Business Executives for National Security (BENS), Washington, DC.



CSW & Burma Info return from Thailand-Burma border with fresh evidence of crimes against humanity
Christian Solidarity Worldwide and Burma Info: Tue 9 Mar 2010

A Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) and BurmaInfo (Japan) team returned from a fact-finding visit to the Thai-Burmese border last week with fresh evidence of gross human rights violations in eastern Burma that amount to “crimes against humanity”.The delegation, which included CSW’s East Asia Team Leader, Benedict Rogers, and the Director of BurmaInfo, Yuki Akimoto, interviewed new refugees in camps along the Thai-Burma border, and heard first-hand accounts of forced labour, torture and murder. They also visited one of the two temporary camps in Tha Song Yang, where Karen refugees who fled attacks last year were recently under intense pressure from the Thai military to return to Burma, even though their areas are full of landmines and are occupied by the Burma Army and its militias. CSW and BurmaInfo visited the camp ten days after the Thai authorities attempted to forcibly deport refugees. Three families were sent back against their will before NGOs arrived and halted the process. The delegation interviewed two of these families, who are now in hiding in Thailand.

Reports detailing the findings of the visit were released today by CSW and BurmaInfo. The words of one refugee who lost both legs after stepping on a landmine sum up the decades of suffering endured by the Karen: “I had to flee … many times. I did portering for the [Burma Army] many times … Run and run and run until now – this is my life.”

CSW’s East Asia Team Leader, Benedict Rogers, said: “The testimonies we heard on this visit were harrowing and shocking. The military regime is continuing to perpetrate war crimes and crimes against humanity, even as it prepares to hold sham elections this year. The harassment of frightened, traumatized and extremely vulnerable refugees by the Thai military, forcing them or intimidating them to return to Karen State even though they would be walking into a death trap, adds further misery to an already tragic situation. The international community, and particularly the United Nations, must act now, to impose a universal arms embargo on Burma’s military regime, and hold a commission of inquiry to investigate crimes against humanity and war crimes. The regime’s brutal reign of terror must not be allowed to continue with impunity.”

Yuki Akimoto from BurmaInfo (Japan) added: “The international community, including Japan, should not underestimate the negative impact that the violent and volatile situation in eastern Burma could have on the country’s political process. There can be no “free and fair” elections as long as hundreds of thousands of people are displaced internally, or are afraid to go back to Burma because of conflict and militarization.”

For a copy of the report or to arrange interviews please contact: Theresa Malinowska, Press Officer at Christian Solidarity Worldwide to arrange on +44 (0)20 8329 0045 / +44 (0)78 2332 9663, email theresamalinowska@... or visit www.csw.org.uk
CSW is a human rights organisation which specialises in religious freedom, works on behalf of those persecuted for their Christian beliefs and promotes religious liberty for all.
Contact: Yuki Akimoto at BurmaInfo, in Tokyo, Phone: +81 (80) 2006 0165, Email: yuki@... , www.burmainfo.org



Myanmar’s ruling junta is selling state’s assets
New York Times: Mon 8 Mar 2010

Yangon, Myanmar — Myanmar’s military government has quietly begun the largest sell-off of state assets in the country’s history, including more than 100 government buildings, port facilities and a large stake in the national airline, diplomats and businessmen here say.The sell-off, analysts say, appears to be part of a political transition as the government introduces elections for the first time in 20 years and a new Constitution under which the military seems likely to perpetuate its rule, though more from behind the scenes.

Diplomats and businessmen say that the sales may allow ruling generals to build up cash for election campaigns to the new Parliament, where they will hold 25 percent of seats, or to pay for salary increases for civil servants and other populist measures. Many of the assets are being sold to businessmen allied with the military, reinforcing the strength of a class of oligarchs and military cronies.

But the privatizations could also have the effect of injecting some competition into what is an almost Soviet-style economic system, and some analysts here say they may herald a shift in direction. Reformers in the government, they say, may be hoping to follow a path similar to that of China or Vietnam, where the economies have been liberalized but the ruling party has remained firmly in charge and has tolerated little dissent.

Myanmar’s military junta nationalized most industries when it took power in a 1962 coup and has controlled the lion’s share of the economy since.

For years, Myanmar shunned the path of its thriving neighbors. Most major industries, like the telecommunications business, power plants, fuel distribution and health care, remained in the hands of the state.

But today the sell-off of assets is so sweeping that some analysts compare it to the widespread privatizations in Russia after the Communist era. “There’s something of a grab going on,” said one diplomat who declined to be identified because he wanted to avoid publicly criticizing the junta. “There’s a sense that it may not be done for the right reasons, but it could have a beneficial effect.”

The assets being sold include the country’s fuel import and distribution network, gem and tin mines, farmland, and factories, according to businessmen who have seen announcements of the sales. Most of the announcements have been made to small groups of businessmen and then spread by word of mouth.

The government has put out word that it is selling factories producing soft drinks, cigarettes and bicycles, among other commercial goods, according to U Phone Win, the head of a nonprofit organization that assists people in rural areas.

It is also opening the health care and education sectors to private enterprise, Mr. Phone Win said, issuing licenses for the first time for private hospitals and schools. “There are opportunities here for the international business community,” he said.

For a people accustomed to more gradual change under military rule, the scale of the sales is raising apprehension that it will strengthen the hand of military cronies. One businessman in particular, U Tay Za, owns an airline and a soccer team and has interests in the teak, tourism, telecommunications and construction businesses. He has now been appointed the head of a new petroleum association and appears to be expanding his holdings.

In recent days, the country’s Privatization Commission produced a list of 176 assets in Yangon, the main city, to be auctioned off sometime over the next few weeks. The 18-page list, which was shown to prospective buyers, includes a wide-ranging roster of buildings in Yangon worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

The list, which covers only part of the privatization plan, features many former government offices, notably the lakeside office of the attorney general, the national archives, the auditor general’s headquarters, the archaeology department and the Ministry of Industry.

The buildings were abandoned when the capital was moved to the more remote location of Naypyidaw in 2005, and their sale would seem to ensure that the move was irreversible.

The businessman said it was likely that dozens of colonial-era buildings would be torn down. “I feel like I’m bleeding,” he said.

The businessman said the military had compiled a separate list of assets for auction that he had not seen; other buildings may also be auctioned independently, he said.

Although most of the major sales have not been mentioned in the state-run media here, residents are already feeling the effects of some of the changes.

Over the past six months, the government has sold tens of thousands of cars it seized in recent years because they had been imported illegally. Car prices, which for years were highly inflated because of tight import restrictions, have now fallen by as much as 50 percent, though they are still higher than in neighboring countries.

A ban on motorcycle imports has also been lifted, a move that is likely to transform the lives of thousands of people in towns and cities. Motorcycles remain barred from Yangon.

The mastermind of the privatization is widely believed to be the junta leader, Senior Gen. Than Shwe. Despite the changes, the military seems likely to retain its place of power, even if behind a semblance of civilian governance.

In addition to the 25 percent of seats reserved for the military in the new Parliament, amending the Constitution will require more than 75 percent of representatives’ votes.

With the leader of the opposition, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, under house arrest and 2,100 political prisoners in jails scattered around the country, the elections are being criticized as a sham by many Burmese exile groups.

“For these elections to be considered credible and legitimate, it’s absolutely essential that the government release the prisoners of conscience currently being held and allow those who wish to participate in the elections to do so,” said Andrew Heyn, the British ambassador here.

But the changes are nonetheless seen as important. The last time Parliament met in Myanmar was 1962. Laws that today are passed by military orders would be replaced by legislation in Parliament.

In recent weeks, the local news media have been allowed to publish articles condemning child labor and forced labor, both of which are illegal but persistent, especially in rural areas. The government is working with the International Labor Organization to crack down on the practice by local commanders of hiring child soldiers.

“It’s a completely different environment from a few years ago,” said Steve Marshall, the head of the International Labor Organization office here. “There is very much more acceptance for the need to work together. They want to be seen as a professional military.”

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#745 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Wed Mar 17, 2010 9:25 am
Subject: [FaithPeace] Faith and Peace Newsletter - 18/3/10
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March 2010

Doctrine Divides, Action Unites

 
 
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Contents


Community Health Service Is NOT a Crime: Release the 43!
Necta Montes-Rocas

In the early hours of Feb. 6 this year, 300 soldiers and police officers in the Philippines raided a farmhouse in Morong in Rizal Province east of Manila where a health training workshop was taking place. They conducted a search of the premises without a proper search warrant and arrested 43 health workers. Among those arrested was Dr. Alexis Montes of the Community Medicine Development Foundation (COMMED), who was allegedly tortured into confessing that he was a member of the New People’s Army (NPA), the military wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).

To protest the illegal arrest and detention and alleged torture of the health workers, the Hong Kong Campaign for Human Rights and Peace in the Philippines (HKCAHRPP) held a demonstration at the Philippine consulate in Hong Kong on Feb. 18. Necta Montes-Rocas, a niece of Dr. Montes, spoke at the demonstration. [Read her remarks]


Alex Montes: A Doctor to the People, Hurt and Broken
Marya Salamat

Dr. Alex Montes, one of the 43 health workers arrested on Feb. 6, 2010, in the Philippines, is described in this profile as a doctor who used his medical training and knowledge to serve the health needs of the poor. This Bulatat.com article also provides a summary of the ordeal the health workers experienced during their sudden arrest and subsequent detention in a military camp through his testimony at a habeas corpus hearing in the Court of Appeal on Feb. 15. Read more at http://www.bulatlat.com/main/2010/02/16/a-doctor-to-the-people-hurt-and-broken/ .


Community Health Workers: Unsung Heroes of a Failed Health System
Arnold Padilla

The arrest of 43 health workers in the Philippines can only aggravate the current shortage of health care professionals in the country, according to this Bulatat.com article, which will ultimately affect the lives of the poor. Read more about the crisis of health care in the Philippines at http://www.bulatlat.com/main/2010/02/17/community-health-workers-unsung-heroes-of-a-failed-health-system/ .


Child Labor in Nepal: Children without Childhoods
Laxmi Pathak

Child labor, however, cannot be viewed in isolation because this is a cause and consequence of the country’s socio-economic and political reality. Child labor is not a new phenomenon in agriculturally dominant countries, like Nepal. For years, it has remained a part of the feudal economy. Like other developing countries in South Asia, rural communities in Nepal live with social injustice, economic exploitation, deprivation and landlessness. Unemployment and unplanned urbanization have also contributed to an increase in the magnitude of the exploitation of child labor in the country. The constant poverty, unemployment and lack of basic needs in the villages force parents to send their children to work in the cities for additional income to ensure the subsistence of the family. [Read more]


Bangladesh Cracks Down on Burmese Muslim Refugees
Larry Jagan

“Since we were born, we have always been on the run!”
This view of life of one Rohingya refugee from Burma living now in Bangladesh could well be the sentiment of hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas who have sought refuge in Bangladesh. In recent weeks, the Bangladeshi government has indicated that the country is no longer a safe haven as refugees have faced beatings, rape, hunger and their greatest fear—deportation. Read the Mizzima News article at http://www.mizzima.com/news/regional/3560-bangladesh-cracks-down-on-burmese-muslim-refugees.html .


Post-presidential Election Realities
A Statement by a Group of Bishops

Catholic and Anglican church leaders in Sri Lanka share their concerns in this article in the wake of the country’s presidential election on Jan. 26, 2010. The incumbent president, Mahinda Rajapaksa, won a new six-year term after an electoral campaign that was tainted by hundreds of complaints of violence, including at least four murders, and other irregularities. Moreover, after the election, the main opposition candidate, Gen. Sarath Fonseka, the former commander of the army, was arrested on Feb. 8. It is in this context that some of Sri Lanka’s religious leaders issued their statement. [Read more]


Muslims Helping Haiti
Wajahat Ali

As the Jan. 12 earthquake this year in Haiti begins to recede from people’s minds and the news media, this article reminds us of the efforts that the world’s Islamic community has made in responding to the suffering and destruction of the magnitude 7 earthquake. [Read more]


Haiti: The Rest of the Story Is Ours
Joan Chittister

The recent earthquake in Haiti thrust the Western Hemisphere’s poorest nation further into poverty. The author of this article for the National Catholic Reporter in the United States shares with readers why Haiti was so poor before the earthquake struck on Jan. 12. This story also reminds us that rebuilding Haiti will be a long process that cannot afford compassion fatigue, that Haiti is a nation that cannot be forgotten, that even more is at stake than just rebuilding a devastated country. Read more at http://ncronline.org/blogs/where-i-stand/haiti-rest-story-ours.


The Prophet Muhammad’s Promise to Christians
Muqtedar Khan

A prescription for peaceful coexistence between Muslims and Christians is contained in the words of the Prophet in the seventh century. In today’s world, the difficulty is following them. [Read more]


Reflections from the School of Peace: Forgiveness
Max Ediger

The 2010 School of Peace (SOP) conducted by Interfaith Cooperation Forum (ICF) is being held from Feb. 1 to May 14 this year with 20 young people from Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam taking part. During the next few months, faith and peace will share some of the reflections of the participants and resource people from this year’s SOP.

The first reflection is by Max Ediger, ICF coordinator, on Feb. 4 about the shooting of members of the Amish community in the United States and the reaction of the Amish community to it. [Read more]

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#746 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Mon Mar 22, 2010 10:48 am
Subject: Why Israel always prevails
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MARCH 22 — If the State Department had issued travel advisory warnings to US government officials about to travel to Israel, Vice President Joe Biden would have no doubt ignored them.

A better friend to Israel could not have been found in the 36 years that Biden represented Delaware in the US Senate and there was speculation that his popularity among Jewish voters and major Jewish donors was the primary reason he was added to the Democratic ticket.

According to all reports, Biden’s trip was to mend fences with the Israeli officials and with the Israeli Jewish public which had become disenchanted with the Obama administration where the president’s popularity is measured in the low single digits.

Indeed, even a day after having been blind-sided by the announcement that Israel would build 1600 new and exclusively Jewish housing units in East Jerusalem, Biden was still trying.

In a prepared speech, he once again bragged, this time to a Tel Aviv university audience, that he was a Zionist and that, “Throughout my career, Israel has not only remained close to my heart but it has been the center of my work as a United States Senator and now as Vice President of the United States,” a statement that should raise questions about dual loyalties and which, curiously, was omitted from all reports on his speech in the US press.

In addition, Biden repeated what he said on his arrival in Jerusalem, that, “There is no space — this is what they [the world] must know, every time progress is made, it’s made when the rest of the world knows there is absolutely no space between the United States and Israel when it comes to security, none. No space.  That’s the only time when progress has been made.”

Biden did not offer any examples of such progress and would have had a hard time doing so.

It was not until the end of his speech, after he had thoroughly regurgitated the standard Israeli line on the threats to its existence from Iran, Hamas, and Hezbollah, that he felt safe to offer words of criticism for his treatment at the hands of his hosts. The words of condemnation issued the previous day, however, were patently missing. Almost apologizing for doing so, Biden told his audience:

“Now, some legitimately may have been surprised that such a strong supporter of Israel for the last 37 years and beyond… as an elected official, how I can speak out so strongly given the ties that I share as well as my country shares with Israel. But quite frankly, folks, sometimes only a friend can deliver the hardest truth.

“And I appreciate… the response your Prime Minister today announced this morning that he is putting in place a process to prevent the recurrence of that sort of that sort of events [sic] and who clarified that the beginning of actual construction on this particular project would likely take several years … That’s significant, because it gives negotiations the time to resolve this, as well as other outstanding issues. Because when it was announced, I was on the West Bank. Everyone there thought it had meant immediately the resumption of the construction of 1,600 new units.”

What, of course, Biden meant was not that Israel should not be able do as it pleases in East Jerusalem, but that announcements of its plans should be handled in a more tactful manner, when, presumably, he, or other US officials are several thousand miles away.

Biden, of course, was patently ignoring repeated statements by Netanyahu that Israel’s decisions to build in East Jerusalem will not be subject either to pressure from Washington or negotiations with the Palestinian Authority.

Moreover, as Ha’aretz noted, those projected 1600 units are only a small part of 50,000 units planned for the eastern part of the city, which was annexed in 1967, and which are designed to preclude it not only from becoming the capital of a Palestinian state but also to prevent Palestinian residents of the city from travelling to the West Bank.

According to Yediot Ahronoth, Israel’s most widely read newspaper, Biden had privately complained to Netanyahu that Israel’s behaviour was “starting to get dangerous for us.” “What you’re doing here,” he reportedly said, “undermines the security of our troops who are fighting in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. That endangers us, and it endangers regional peace.”

That Biden made such a statement has been denied by the White House, but it follows closely an earlier memorandum sent by General Petraeus to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and his testimony before a US Senate Armed Services Committee on Tuesday.

In his prepared statement, Petraeus depicted the Israeli-Arab conflict as the first “cross cutting challenge to security and stability” in the CENTCOM area of responsibility [AOR]. “The enduring hostilities between Israel and some of its neighbors present distinct challenges to our ability to advance our interests in the AOR.”

Treading in an area where few members of the US military have dared to go before, Petraeus observed that “The conflict foments anti-American sentiment, due to a perception of US favouritism for Israel. Arab anger over the Palestinian question limits the strength and depth of US partnerships with governments and peoples in the AOR and weakens the legitimacy of moderate regimes in the Arab world.”

It should be noted that neither the NY Times’ Elizabeth Bumiller nor the Washington Post’s Anne Flaherty included any reference to these comments by Petraeus in their coverage of his testimony.

In other words, in the view of Gen. Petraeus, resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict is critical to the US national interest and that, plus his reference to the “perception” of Washington’s pro-Israel bias, is what may have been what, for the moment, occasioned President Obama through Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to ratchet up the criticism and publicly brand Israel’s treatment of Biden as “insulting.”

Rather than letting the issue die, she had her office publicize the fact that she had given a piece of her mind to Netanyahu in a 43 minute phone call in which, according to her spokesperson, P.J. Crowley, she described the planned units in East Jerusalem as sending a “deeply negative signal about Israel’s approach to the bilateral relationship and counter to the spirit of the vice president’s trip” and that “this action had undermined trust and confidence in the peace process and in America’s interests.”

Moreover, she made three demands of Netanyahu that were spelled out in the Israeli press but which were only alluded to in the US media: cancelling the decision to approve the 1600 units, making a “significant” gesture to the Palestinian Authority to get it back to the bargaining table, and issuing a public statement that the indirect talks will deal with all the core issues, including Jerusalem and Palestinian refugees.

Pretty heady stuff for those used to see Clinton falling all over herself to show her loyalty to Israel.

To emphasize the US position, the Obama administration cancelled the scheduled visit of Middle East envoy George Mitchell who had planned to meet with Israelis and Palestinians in what had been touted by the administration as “proximity talks.”

The gravity of the situation was not lost upon Israel’s new ambassador, American-born historian, Michael Oren, who, in a conference call with Israel’s US consulates, reportedly expressed the opinion (which he now denies) that this was the worst crisis in US-Israel relations since 1975 when Pres. Gerald Ford and his Secretary of State Henry Kissinger publicly blamed Israel for the breakdown of negotiations with Egypt over withdrawing from the Sinai.

As a consequence, Ford announced that he was going to make a major speech calling for a reassessment of Israel-US relations. Although hardly the powerhouse that it has become today, AIPAC, the only officially registered pro-Israel lobby, responded to the threat by getting 76 senators to sign a harsh letter to Ford, warning him not to tamper with Israel-US relations. Ford never made the speech and it would not be the last time that AIPAC got three quarters of the US Senate to sign a letter designed to keep an American president in check.

Others point to the nationally televised speech on September 12, 1991 of the first President Bush, who, upon realizing that AIPAC had secured enough votes in both houses of Congress to override his veto of Israel’s request for US$10 billion (RM33 billion) in loan guarantees, went before the American public depicting himself as “one lonely little guy” battling a thousand lobbyists on Capitol Hill.

A national poll taken immediately afterward gave the president an 85 per cent approval rating which sent the lobby and its Congressional flunkies scuttling into the corner but not before AIPAC director, Tom Dine, exclaimed at that date, Sept. 12, 1991, “would live in infamy.” Following the election of Yitzhak Rabin the following year and up for re-election himself, Bush relented and approved the loan guarantee request.

There are those who, while aware of what happened to Ford and of the subsequent humiliations visited by Israel upon American presidents and secretaries of state, view the Biden affair as a charade designed to placate the heads of Arab governments as well as their respective peoples and give the impression that there is a space between Israel and the US when it comes to resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict when, they assert, none exists.

Viewing the unrelenting expansion of Jewish settlements and settlers in the West Bank through one US administration after another for the past four decades they would appear to have a solid argument.  It is undermined, however, by one obvious fact: while the rest of the world considers the Israel-Palestine conflict to be a foreign policy concern, for Washington and both Democrats and Republicans it has been and remains primarily a domestic issue.

In that arena there is only one player, the pro-Israel “lobby” which is represented by a multitude of organizations, the most prominent of which is AIPAC.

As if it needed more help, flocking to Israel’s side in increasing numbers over the past several decades have come the majority of America’s Christian evangelicals whose doomsday theology fits in nicely with that of Israel’s ultra right wing settler movement.

The result is that in each election cycle anyone with any hope of being elected to a national political office, be it in the White House or Congress, whether incumbent or challenger, feels obligated to express his or her unconditional loyalty to Israel by shamelessly grovelling for handouts from Jewish donors and the nod from Jewish voters who make up critical voting blocs in at least six states.

This being the case, it is not so strange that a string of leading elected American officials would willingly submit to public humiliation by a country so politically and militarily dependent on the US and whose population is less than that of New York City or Los Angeles County, even when doing so has made the US seem weak in the eyes of a world in which Washington has other, more pressing interests, than pleasing Israel.

There is no better example of this phenomenon than Barack Obama whose stature as leader of “the world’s only superpower” has been severely undercut by repeated verbal face-slappings at the hands of Netanyahu and his cabinet ministers.

It clearly has been in the US interest that the Israel-Palestine conflict be peacefully resolved. There is nothing in the proposed “two-state solution” that would interfere with Washington’s regional objectives.

On the contrary, the creation of a truncated Palestinian state-let, allied and dependent, politically and financially on the US, as it most certainly would be, would be a boon to US regional interests and ultimately viewed as a setback for anti-imperialist struggles worldwide. It was not just to expend some US taxpayers’ money that the GW Bush administration built a four story security building for the PA in Ramallah (that Sharon later destroyed), brought PA security personnel to Langley, VA for training with the CIA, and had Gen. Dayton build a colonial army to maintain order.

Israeli officials view all of this from a very different perspective, as should be obvious, and will do everything they can to prevent any kind of a Palestinian entity from coming into existence since this would interfere not only with its expansion plans but would also create a junior competitor for US favours in the region.

This was why Sharon targeted the US built institutions on the West Bank and the CIA trained personnel during the Al-Aksa Intifada despite the fact that they were non-participants, which raised the hackles at CIA headquarters, as reported at the time in the Washington Post.

What the insult to Biden was clearly designed to do, as were the previous humiliations, was to remind the current and future occupants of the White House that when it comes to making decisions concerning the Middle East, it is Israel that calls the tune. As Stephen Green spelled it out in “Taking Sides: America’s Secret Relations with Militant Israel” (Morrow, 1984) a quarter century ago, “Since 1953, Israel, and friends of Israel in America, have determined the broad outlines of US policy in the region. It has been left to American presidents to implement that policy, with varying degrees of enthusiasm, and to deal with tactical issues.”

That Netanyahu was also taken unawares by the announcement concerning the housing units as he claimed is questionable, particularly since he has apologized only for its timing, not its content and the offending minister remains unpunished.

Netanyahu was surely cognizant that next week he will be coming to Washington to speak before AIPAC’s annual policy conference where he will find a greater degree of support than anywhere in his own country. Last year’s conference attracted a record 7,000 attendees plus half of the US Senate and a third of the House and it is likely to be ever larger this year in response to the administration’s perceived hostility to Israel.

Netanyahu will no doubt happily recall that before he met with President Obama for the first time last year, 76 US senators, led by Christopher Dodd and Evan Bayh, and 330 members of the House, sent AIPAC- crafted letters to the president calling on him not to put pressure on the Israeli prime minister when they met.

The only report of this in the mainstream media was by a Washington post blogger who noted the AIPAC tagline on the pdf that was circulated among House members.  Netanyahu will also be succoured by memories of the House’s near unanimous support of Israel’s assault on Gaza and by its 334 to 36 vote condemning the Goldstone Report in its aftermath.

In addition, during last year’s Congressional summer recess, 55 members of the House, 30 Democrats led by Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and 25 Republicans, led by Eric Cantor, the House’s lone Jewish Republican member, visited Jerusalem.  Both groups met with Netanyahu and afterward held press conferences in which they expressed their solidarity with Israel, particularly with its claims on East Jerusalem, at a time when the Obama administration was calling for a settlement freeze.

These visits, too, went unreported in the mainstream media.

Under the present circumstances, we can expect to see AIPAC extend every effort to make this year’s event the largest and more successful yet and there should be no doubt that those attending will give a far more rousing welcome to Netanyahu and to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, who is also on the AIPAC program, than to Secretary of State Clinton.

AIPAC is already posting statements on its website from members of Congress who are taking the Obama administration to task for making its differences with Israel public and for keeping the issue alive when the focus should not be on Jewish settlements but on the growing threat of a nuclear Iran which has been at the top of AIPAC’s agenda since the beginning of the Iraq War.

Nevertheless, given that the Democratic Party remains dependent on wealthy Jewish donors for the bulk of its major funding, estimated to be at least 60 per cent, and that this is an election year, we can expect Clinton to reach out and once again embrace Israel as she did at the 2008 AIPAC conference when, Biden-like, she said, “I have a bedrock commitment to Israel’s security, because Israel’s security is critical to our security….[A]ll parties must know we will always stand with Israel in its struggle for peace and security. Israel should know that the United States will never pressure her to make unilateral concessions or to impose a made-in-America solution.”

For those with short memories, here is a sampling of past humiliations of US presidents and secretaries of state at the hands of our loyal ally:

March, 1980, President Carter was forced to apologize after US UN representative Donald McHenry voted for a resolution that condemned Israel’s settlement policies in the occupied territories including East Jerusalem and which called on Israel to dismantle them.  McHenry had replaced Andrew Young who was pressured to resign in 1979 after an Israeli newspaper revealed that he had held a secret meeting with a PLO representative which violated a US commitment to Israel and to the American Jewish community.

June, 1980 After Carter requested a halt to Jewish settlements and his Secretary of State, Edmund Muskie, called the Jewish settlements an obstacle to peace, Prime Minister Menachem Begin announced plans to construct 10 new ones.

In December, 1981, 14 days after signing what was described as a memorandum of strategic understanding with the Reagan administration, Israel annexed the Golan Heights “which made it appear that the US either acquiesced in the move or else has absolutely no control over its own ally’s actions. In both cases the US looks bad….he has once again poked his ally, the source of all his most sophisticated weapons and one third of his budget in the eye.” (Lars Erik-Nelson)

In August, 1982, the day after Reagan requested that Ariel Sharon end the bombing of Beirut, Sharon responded by ordering bombing runs over the city at precisely 2:42 and 3:38 in the afternoon, the times coinciding with the two UN resolutions requiring Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories.

In March, 1991, Secretary of State James Baker complained to Congress that “Every time I have gone to Israel in connection with the peace process.., I have been met with an announcement of new settlement activity… It substantially weakens our hand in trying to bring about a peace process, and creates quite a predicament.” In 1990, he had become so disgusted with Israel’s intransigence on the settlements that he publicly gave out the phone number of the White House switchboard and told the Israelis, “When you’re serious about peace, call us.”

In April 2002, after Pres. George W Bush demanded that Ariel Sharon pull Israeli forces out of Jenin, declaring “Enough is enough!,” he was besieged by a 100,000 emails from supporters of Israel, Jewish and Christian and accused by Bill Safire of choosing Yasser Arafat as a friend over Sharon and by George Will, of losing his “moral clarity.” Within days, a humiliated Bush was declaring Sharon “a man of peace” despite the fact that he had not withdrawn his troops from Jenin.

In January 2009, former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert publicly boasted that he had “shamed” Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice by getting President Bush to prevent her from voting for a Gaza cease-fire resolution at the last moment that she herself had worked on for several days with Arab and European diplomats at the United Nations.

Olmert bragged to an Israeli audience that he pulled Bush off a stage during a speech to take his call when he learned about the pending vote and demanded that the president intervene.

”I have no problem with what Olmert did,” Abraham Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League, told the Forward. “I think the mistake was to talk about it in public.”

That episode and Foxman’s comment may have summed up the history of US-Israel relations. — www.counterpunch.org

* Jeffrey Blankfort is a long-time pro-Palestinian activist and a contributor toThe Politics of Anti-Semitism. He an be contacted at jblankfort@... This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it


#747 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Fri Mar 26, 2010 8:59 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 26/3/10
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  1. UN Chief to Burma: Create conditions for free & fair elections
  2. Party literature cannot criticize military
  3. NLD between a rock and a hard place
  4. Divided opinion on NLD party registration
  5. Junta prepares to take on the ethnic militias
  6. 15 more parties to register
  7. Burmese Army wraps up first phase of militia training in Kachin State
  8. A lack of independence, impartiality
  9. Suu Kyi ‘opposes election role for her party’
  10. Opposition to sue Myanmar junta over election laws
  11. Worries spread regarding NLD split
  12. Political parties begin to register in Naypyidaw
  13. New Mon Party to join election
  14. Tata Motors to build heavy truck plant in Myanmar
  15. Asean should take a stand on Burma
  16. Burma’s long, hard road to democracy
  17. China comes to junta’s rescue again


UN Chief to Burma: Create conditions for free & fair elections – Margaret Besheer
Voice of America: Thu 25 Mar 2010

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon says the government of Burma must create conditions that give all stakeholders the opportunity to participate freely in elections, if the vote is to be viewed as fair and credible.Mr. Ban spoke to reporters after a meeting of his so-called Group of Friends of Myanmar, the other name by which Burma is known.

He said the 15 governments which make up the group discussed developments following the military government’s announcement earlier this month of the new election law.

The law has raised international concerns because one of its provisions prohibits anyone serving a prison term from voting or being a member of a political party.

That would effectively ban National League for Democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners from participating in the general election.

No date has been set for the vote, which would be the country’s first in 20 years.

Mr. Ban said the electoral law and the overall electoral environment so far fall short of what is needed for an inclusive political process.

Speaking on behalf of the Group of Friends, Mr. Ban said they urged the elections be inclusive, participatory and transparent.

“We encourage all parties to work in the national interest,” Mr. Ban said. “The government must create conditions that give all stakeholders the opportunity to participate freely in elections. This includes the release of all political prisoners – including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi – and respect for fundamental freedoms.”

Aung San Suu Kyi, who has been in detention for 14 of the last 20 years, has said she is opposed to her party registering for the vote, but that the NLD (National League for Democracy) must decide for itself whether to participate in the election.

Mr. Ban said if that is her genuine belief, then “we have to respect it.” But he expressed some reservations, saying he did not know the circumstances surrounding her statement.

On Wednesday, the U.N. Security Council had its first briefing on Burma in more than six months. British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant said many council members expressed their concern about the electoral laws, which he said appeared to target Aung San Suu Kyi and her opposition party.



Party literature cannot criticize military: Junta
Mizzima News: Thu 25 Mar 2010

The Burmese military junta, which has rolled out harsh electoral laws for political parties, making it difficult for many to contest, has now come up with rules for political parties while printing their pamphlets, books or election-related printed matter.Elections have been declared for this year but no date has been announced yet.

The announcement on party literature on March 17, says parties have to register for printing election-related matter with the government under the 1962 Printers and Publishers Registration Act.

For permission to print, the political party needs to seek permission from the country’s notorious Press Scrutiny and Registration Board (PSRB) within 90 days after they register with the Election Commission. The party literature cannot criticize the military and the present regime, the announcement says. The printed material cannot disturb “law and order and tranquility” of the nation, it added.

Moreover, a political party has to deposit 500,000 Kyat (USD 500) for permission to print. The amount will be fully or partially forfeited by the PSRB if a party violates the stringent rules announced.

The 1962 Printers and Publishers Registration Act prohibits publications or materials that go against the interests of the government. The penalties for violators of this Act range from the banning of an article to seven years in jail.



NLD between a rock and a hard place – Aung Naing Oo
Irrawaddy: Thu 25 Mar 2010

Once again, the unmatched power and influence Aung San Suu Kyi, detained leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD), holds over her party may have shown their genuine impact—this time on the NLD’s approach toward the planned general election.The NLD’s central committee is due to meet on March 29 to decide whether or not to contest the election, but Suu Kyi made her own views on the issue crystal clear on Tuesday, saying the party should not register under the recently promulgated election laws.

On March 20 (Decision Time Approaches for NLD), I wrote in The Irrawaddy: “If her (Suu Kyi’s) preference [whether or not to contest the election] is made known to the central committee members before the voting, it may sway them towards the direction she chooses.”

The day before Suu Kyi made her position known, NLD Spokesman Khin Maung Swe announced that the party’s central executive committee had agreed that the central committee should leave the final decision to Suu Kyi and party Chairman Aung Shwe.

Despite the weight of Suu Kyi’s rejection of participation under current conditions, party Chairman Aung Shwe is known to be in favor of the party entering the election. But for now the party’s decision seems to be skewed towards not contesting.

Three possible scenarios remain open for the party, although all bring problems and likely divisions. Although the choice appears to be straightforward—a simple “yes” or “no” to participation in the election—it is an extremely complex matter.

Scenario-1: The NLD decides not to contest the election

This is the most likely scenario now. In this case, the regime-drafted election laws require the party to disband.

Pragmatists or moderate factions are then likely to form a political party or two of their own and contest the election under a new banner.

The formal abolition of the party will create radicalism among those who remain loyal to it. Undoubtedly, the disbanded NLD will become an underground grouping and find a way to get back into the political arena.

Operating outside the legal and constitutional framework, it is likely to join forces with other opposition groups, both inside and outside the country, to discredit the military. Such action will lead to a head-on confrontation with the Burmese junta and its loyalists, especially following a decision evidently influenced by Suu Kyi’s preference not to contest.

The NLD is not an underground organization, however, and its strength is not in mass mobilization. So the party may find itself in uncharted territory with aims that may be elusive if not entirely unrealized—unless it can persuade the Burmese to take to the streets and force the junta to renegotiate the terms of the Constitution.

If it cannot find political rhythm in underground movement the party is likely to eventually collapse under relentless pressure from the junta, which will surely mount a harsh repressive campaign against the party remnants.

In addition, 20 years of struggle have shown that a mass anti-regime movement cannot succeed without at least the tacit support of some key elements within the military.

Most importantly, the promulgation of unjust election laws was clearly designed with the purpose of forcing the NLD to opt out of the election on its own volition.

All in all, this scenario will play into the trap junta leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe has set up for the party. Besides, it may not provide the party with a strategy designed for all members with different views to follow. And unlike the Burmese junta, the NLD has not thrived in conflict, which would be prolonged if the party failed to contest the election.

Scenario-2: NLD decides to participate, in the interest of survival

This possibility seems a long shot now. Ostensibly the NLD would have less than 60 days from its registration to complete the task of nominating its election candidates.
The NLD’s strategy in the past 20 years has been to focus on its survival as a legal entity. If this remains its primary preoccupation, the party may try to adopt a step-by-step strategy. A first step would be to register so as to maintain the party’s legality. It would then continue debating the broader strategy, giving it some breathing space.

If it wants to focus only on its legal survival, the party has two options. The first is to field only three candidates in the election, meeting the minimum requirement for any registered party—a half-boiled strategy. But the law also requires a party, at the time of registration, to inform the Election Commission (EC) early on whether it intends to contest throughout the country or just in one specific area, such as a state or region.

Once it declares its intentions to the EC and says that it will only contest in three constituencies, the party cannot change its mind. But the catch here is that if the party loses in these constituencies, it will likely face the axe and be abolished. To avoid this danger, the party would have to field and win in more than three constituencies in order to make sure that it remains legal in the post election period.

The second option, if the party is concerned only about its survival, is to get registered and prepared, and to make the decision before the end of the party registration period. This is also not without problems because voters may punish an undecided party. There is also a possibility that the EC, under the direct orders from the regime, might squash party registration at the last minute, citing irregularities in the registration process.

In this case, hard liners within the party will be proven right and the party may go back to the same confrontation mode similar to the first “not to contest scenario.” Under this scenario, emotion will run even higher and a sudden confrontation with the junta is likely.

In this scenario, taking a decision to “half participate” may seem a viable option for a short period of time, but in the long run the NLD would be losing an opportunity to take a decisive party stand on the issues at hand. And, unlike in 1990, the party does not have the luxury of time to prepare for the election, and leaving the final decision to the last minute may not be a good tactic.

Such a strategy could also make the voters believe that even though the NLD is a party of national calibre, the party only works for its survival and fails to put the interests of the voters and the nation first.

Scenario-3: The NLD decides to contest the election

In this case, the party will have to disown its detained leader Suu Kyi and all other party officials and members currently serving time in prison. The party expelled Suu Kyi and Tin Oo in 1989 under pressure from the junta, so taking a similar step this time should not be problem because she could be reinstated after her release from house arrest.

However, even if party Chairman Aung Shwe decides to enter the election it will upset the hard liners within the party. As a result, the divisions within the party will come to the fore.

Some disillusioned members might then resign although they would not become idle. They might be radicalised because of their belief that the party had abandoned its principled approach to democracy of the past 20 years and especially against the wishes of Suu Kyi.

Such a situation would create an acrimonious relationship among former comrades, and lead to the two camps undermining each other in the fight for democracy.

Under this scenario, contesting the election seems to be a good strategy for the long run. But there is a risk that it does not provide enough options for all with different takes on the election.

If the NLD does not know how to deal with those members who disagree with the party’s decision to contest the election and takes drastic actions, the resentful hard liners may undermine any meaningful work the party will embark on after the election.

Ideally and acting according to the principles of democracy, the minority party officials who lose to the majority in favor of participating in the election should go along with the decision.

However, under the conditions where stakes are high and injustice glaringly apparent, and especially when the minority realizes that they are confronted with only one choice, making a rational choice or cooperating with the majority is unlikely.

In summing up, the NLD is caught between a rock and a hard place, with problems, dissatisfaction and disappointment present on whatever path it chooses. And whatever the choice, the party is likely to be deeply divided.

Yet somehow, the party must develop an all-inclusive strategy, allowing the engagement of moderates as well as hard liners to engage. Otherwise, the risk is that the NLD will follow the examples of its predecessors, such as the acrimonious split of the parliamentary-era Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom League, which partly paved the way for the final and long-lasting entry of the Burmese military into the political arena.



Divided opinion on NLD party registration – Ba Kaung
Irrawaddy: Thu 25 Mar 2010

On March 29, more than 100 National League for Democracy (NLD) party leaders from across the country will meet at the party’s Rangoon headquarters to discuss whether to register the party under the junta’s election law. Though Aung San Suu Kyi has publicly said she is against her party registering, the party leadership remains divided. Longtime Suu Kyi supporter Win Tin, 80, who was released in September 2008 after more than 19 years in prison said he would probably retire if the majority decide to register. Khin Maung Swe, 67, a leading party official who spent 14 years in prison supports registration and joining the election even though this means the party must expel Suu Kyi under the junta law. Both spoke to The Irrawaddy on the party’s future.

Win Tin

Question: Could you give us three specific reasons why you are for or against party-registration?

Answer: If we register the party, we have to expel Daw Suu and other detained party leaders. The details of the party registration laws are not clear about whether Daw Suu could rejoin the party after her release and it would be up to the election commission. The second reason is that if we register the party we have to vow to protect the junta’s Constitution, which we have repeatedly said is unacceptable. The third factor is that after registration, we will have to police the “illegal” activities of party members and warn them they will be expelled if they continue those activities. This will guarantee that no one in the party will dare express his ideas at the risk of imprisonment.

Q. What will happen to the NLD if it decides to contest the elections? And what if not?

A: If the NLD decides not to contest the elections, two things can happen. Either the NLD will cease to be a valid and registered party or the regime will outlaw the party, causing it to lose its identity and party flag. The dignity of the party will increase immensely when we show we are not giving in to the junta’s unjust law. We will also have a broader space to operate with the public because we will show that the principles the party stands for are more important than its mere existence.

Q. Can the NLD expect to gain another landslide victory like it did 20 years ago if it decides to contest the election?

A: The 1988 uprising led by students was one of the main causes which gave the NLD a landslide victory in the 1990 elections. Party leaders like U Aung Shwe only got onto the political stage because of the 1988 uprising. In addition, the military was politically quite weak at the time. The situation is totally different now: we are tied up by various laws and if the party contests the election, there is little or no chance for us to win a majority of seats, much less an overwhelming victory.

Q. How do you foresee the post-election scenario in Burma?

A: This election ensures that two major groups will operate in parliament at different levels: one will be composed of military officers and the other members of multiple political parties made up from business cronies like Tay Za backed by junta groups such as the Union Solidarity and Development Association [USDA] and Swan Arr Shin [a government-organized paramilitary group that suppresses political dissidents]. Besides, the three candidates for the Presidency election will be nominated by the military representatives of the bicameral parliament, but we don’t know the procedure for their election [The presidency electoral law will be drawn up later, according to the constitution.] Moreover, the formation of the government will be in the hands of the future President who can appoint either members of parliament or non-elected persons as cabinet ministers. If the president selects members of parliament from a political party, they can’t represent their party in the government because they not only have to resign their parliamentary seats but they also have to refrain from party activities.

Khin Maung Swe

Question: Could you give us three specific reasons why you are for or against party-registration?

Answer: First, I wish to make it clear that we have no intention of marginalizing Aung San Suu Kyi, who is an icon in Burmese politics. But the reason we wish to register the party is because we want Daw Suu to be able to continue to play in the political environment when she is released five or six months later. That’s why we need a political party. Secondly, we believe that only by struggling in the legal fold will it be possible for us to fulfill our pledge to democracy, to work for changes in the constitution and national reconciliation. Thirdly, in that process, we don’t wish to divide our party members into different groups in contradiction to the party policy of maintaining unity. As there is no viable exit option [if NLD does not register], we don’t support not registering the party because we don’t want to be the historical culprits blamed for letting the party die.

Q. What will happen to the NLD if it decides to contest the elections? And what if not?

A: If the party participates in the election, it can become a competitive force in the future parliament, contributing to a check-and-balance system in politics that will be in the interests of people. Without political opposition, we will only be left with a sort of one-party political system. If we don’t join the election, the people will lose a great party born of the 1988 uprising and faithful to the struggle for democracy, and the people will not have a party to vote for in the election.

Q. Can the NLD expect to gain another landslide victory like it did 20 years ago if it decides to contest the election?

A: I am not sure about a landslide victory, but the party still has the potential to become a competitive force in the parliament.

Q. How do you foresee the post-election scenario in Burma?

A: With military supremacy continuing in the post-election era notwithstanding, the rigid centralization we have today will disappear. By that, I mean the different governmental departments will no longer be under the control of a single person. The legislature will be in a position to change inappropriate laws, including the unjust election law. The more than 75 majority requirement only applies to amendments of the Constitution, which is where the 25 percent of seats reserved for the military will be most significant. But parliament will still have the power to pass bills addressing human rights abuses and socio-economic issues in our country.

A Survey of NLD Officials on the 2010 Election
By THE IRRAWADDY


The National League for Democracy now faces a critical choice and must make a historic decision on whether it will re-register as a political party and contest the Burmese election or face dissolution. The NLD will discuss the issue on March 29 in a meeting of the party’s central committee at its headquarters in Rangoon. The Irrawaddy is now surveying the opinions of NLD officials at the township level. Click here to see result.



15 more parties to register – Kyaw Thein Kha
Irrawaddy: Wed 24 Mar 2010

Fifteen parties have confirmed that they will register for this year’s election.The parties will join two other political organizations—the Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics (formerly known as the Union of Myanmar National Political Force) and the 88 Generation Student Youths (Union of Myanmar)—that registered on Monday to contest the election.

Four of the parties planning to register previously belonged to the National Political Alliance (NPA), a group consisting of nine small political parties that was formed after the Burmese junta announced its election law on March 8.

Under the law, all parties must register by May 7.

Two of the four former NPA members, the Demo NLD and the Reconciliation Research and Analysis Study Group, will register together as the United Democratic Party. The new party plans to contest nationwide.

The two other former NPA members will contest the election regionally. The Nationalist NLD (which, like the Demo NLD, includes former members of the NLD) will contest in Mandalay Division and the Union of Myanmar National Force Arakan State will contest in Arakan State.

So far, nine parties have told The Irrawaddy that they will contest nationwide, while another six parties say they intend to run in their respective regions.

The following parties have registered or plan to register to contest the election nationally:

1. Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics (registered)
2. 88 Generation Student Youths (Union of Myanmar) (registered)
3. National Unity Party
4. National Political Alliance
5. Union Democratic Alliance
6. Democratic Party
7. Union Solidarity and Development Association (expected to form more than one party)
8. United Democratic Party
9. Peace and Diversity Party
10. A party formed by Phyo Min Thein (the name of the party hasn’t been announced yet)
11. A party formed by self-described “Myanmar Bengalis” (the name of the party hasn’t been announced)

The following parties will contest regionally:

1. Kachin State Progressive Party
2. The Union of Myanmar National Force Arakan State
3. Mon National Democratic Front
4. Karen People’s Party
5. Nationalist NLD
6. Scientific National Politics Party, based in Maymyo (Pyin Oo Lwin)

The following parties contested in the 1990 election but have not yet registered for this year’s election:

1. National League for Democracy
2. National Unity Party
3. Shan National League for Democracy
4. Union Pa-o National Organization
5. Shan State Kokang Democratic Party
6. Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization
7. Lahu National Development Party
8. Union Karen League
9. Kokang Democracy and Unity Party
10. Wa National Development Party

The NLD will decide on whether to register or not on March 29, but the party’s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, has already stated that she is not in favor of the move. The NUP, which ran as the main junta-backed party during the 1990 election, said it has decided to contest the election and will register next week.



Junta prepares to take on the ethnic militias – Thilo Thielke
Der Spiegel: Wed 24 Mar 2010

After years of relative peace, Burma’s military junta is trying to break the power of guerilla armies in the drug-infested Golden Triangle. The ethnic armies may end up posing a greater threat to the regime than the democracy movement and its icon Aung San Suu Kyi.The village of Doi Tailaeng, on Burma’s border with Thailand, has been transformed into a military camp. For hours, columns of uniformed fighters have been marching through this outpost of the rebellious Shan people, which feels oppressed by Burma’s majority ethnic group, the Burman. There are several thousand rebel soldiers in Doi Tailaeng, and they have just completed their military training. The dust rises under the boots of the recruits. The Shan national festival is solely a show of power.

The militia fighters repeatedly point their guns at the sky and fire salvos into the clear mountain air, accompanied by the deafening noise of drums and fanfares. At the end of the parade, a Buddhist monk blesses the rebels of the “Shan State Army – South” with holy water.

For years, the Shan State Army (SSA) has been waging a desperate and costly guerilla war against the Burmese army. The SSA consists of about 10,000 fighters, waging war against the Junta’s vastly larger army of 400,000 soldiers. “We are preparing for new battles,” says Sao Yawd Serk, 51, the leader of both the Shan State Army and the movement’s political wing.

Until now, it has only been the remoteness of this mountainous border region that has kept his men from being wiped out. Other rebel groups have also doggedly kept up their struggle against the clique of generals in the new Burmese capital, Naypyidaw, including the Karen National Liberation Army and a handful of militia organizations fighting for other ethnic groups.

Fragile Peace

Most of the country’s other ethnic minorities and their fighters signed a truce with the government in 1989, in return for being granted extensive autonomy in their regions. They were also permitted to keep their weapons and go about their business, which includes growing opium, producing methamphetamines like Crystal Meth and operating casinos in the border region near China.

The warlords are running a profitable business in the Golden Triangle, but the fragile peace has come at a high price. Within the last three years, the amount of land devoted to growing opium has grown by almost 50 percent, to 31,700 hectares (78,300 acres). Pills produced in Burma are now flooding the rest of Southeast Asia.

These drug revenues are then used to fund powerful armies. The militia representing the Wa ethnic group, the United Wa State Army (UWSA), which formed in 1989 after the collapse of the China-backed Communist Party of Burma, is estimated at about 25,000 combat-ready troops.

But now the fragile peace is at risk. The junta plans to hold an election this year and use it to cement its power. Foreign observers and critics in Burma say the election will be a farce. For example, the country’s election laws, which the junta has fashioned in its favor, expressly prohibit Aung San Suu Kyi from participating in the election. The 64-year-old Nobel Peace Prize Winner has been under house arrest for years.

The ethnic minority armies operating in Burma’s border regions could now prove to be a much bigger threat to the government than Burma’s icon of freedom, Suu Kyi. The government has given the militias an ultimatum: Either their fighters allow themselves to be voluntarily integrated into the regular border troops, thereby partly submitting to the command of the Burmese army, or the army will disarm the militias by force.

Unequally Matched Adversaries

So far few of the many combat groups have indicated a willingness to give into the junta’s demands. For most, integration into the border troops would amount to capitulation. As a result, two unequal sets of adversaries face off in the largely impenetrable jungle regions of the northeast, eying each other warily. The junta is apparently serious about its plans to break up the groups of armed ethnic fighters.

Under the pretense of removing an illegal weapons factory in the region inhabited by the Kokang people near the Chinese border, the army attacked its militias in August 2009 and drove about 37,000 Kokang into neighboring China. Since then, a warlike state has prevailed in this part of Burma, and it now threatens to expand into a guerilla war between unequally matched adversaries, a war that could last for years and that no one can win.

The leader of the SSA, Yawd Serk, is openly preparing his troops for new battles. From his command post in the mountains, he has a good overview of the surrounding terrain. The rugged mountains along the Thai border form a natural and almost impenetrable fortress. Not far away, trenches permeate the green hills, while the Wa army lurks behind the hills.

“Perhaps we will be fighting the government together soon,” Yawd Serk says hopefully. “We know that the Wa military leaders are itching for a fight.”

*Translated from the German by Christopher Sultan



Burmese Army wraps up first phase of militia training in Kachin State
Kachin News Group: Wed 24 Mar 2010

With the Border Guard Force issue yet to be resolved and tension mounting, the first phase of the 11-day militia training in Kachin State in the north was wrapped up by the Burmese Army after the junta announced the electoral laws on March 8, said local residents.The militia training to the first batch called the “1/2010 militia basic combat battle training” was given by Burmese Army trainers to 80 residents of Tatkone quarter, one of the largest ethnic Kachin quarters in Kachin State’s capital Myitkyina, local trainees told Kachin News Group.

The training began on March 8, the same day that the junta released the electoral laws and was concluded on March 19, the trainees said.

All trainees were Kachin men and they were forced to join the Burmese Army’s basic combat training by local military authorities reluctantly, they added.

During the training period, the civilian trainees were especially trained in basic combat like soldiers with machine guns, said eyewitnesses.

The second phase of militia training for local civilians is also underway in different quarters in Myitkyina, said local residents.

In Puta-O, the remote and landlocked town in northern Kachin State, the Burmese Army is preparing to give the same basic combat training to local civilians, said Puta-O residents.

Burmese soldiers trained the “basic combat battle training” to Kachin civilians in Myitkyina in Kachin State, northern Burma before the countrywide elections in this year. Photo: Kachin News Group.

In Bhamo late last year, civilians from each quarter and village were forcibly assembled in the guise of “reserved firefighters” but they were given basic combat training by Burmese military trainers, said residents of Bhamo.

Local members of the junta-back Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) in Myitkyina and Bhamo also have to take basic combat training from the Burmese Army, said members of USDA in the two cities.

In Kachin State, the junta forcibly recruited local civilians in the name of “reserved firefighters” and they were given basic combat training since the Buddhist monk-led anti-junta demonstration in 2007, according to local sources.

People in Kachin State believe that the junta is preparing for an offensive against the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), the last remaining Kachin ceasefire group which has refused to transform its armed-wing to the junta-proposed Border Guard Force.



A lack of independence, impartiality – Kay Latt
Irrawaddy: Wed 24 Mar 2010

The election will definitely be held sometime in 2010, but the jury is still out on how we should look at the election: as opportunity or as a rigged process.The Burmese regime has now issued five laws related to the election including Election Commission regulations and Political Parties Registration laws, which are revisions of the 1990 electoral law. Already, international bodies and governments around the world have condemned the laws as short of international standards and lacking in credibility for a free and fair election.

The governments of the United States, Canada, Britain and even Asean governments such as the Philippines and Indonesia view the laws with deep disappointment, saying the election will not be credible.

Why don’t they accept the election laws? First, there’s the issue of the independence of the Election Commission. Each member of the commission was handpicked by the junta.

Many people believe the commission will favor the regime in making its decisions and wielding authority.

The previous election commission which supervised the 1990 election was formed by the former socialist government before the military coup in 1988. After the military coup, Gen Saw Maung, the coup leader, appointed election commission members and said the military would not interfere in its work.

The commission was granted the right to draw up the electoral law independently. The commission publicly issued a draft law and invited political parties and the public to comment. The commission then revised the draft law and submitted it to the junta which issued it on May 31, 1989, one year before of the date of the election.

The new election law was drafted by the generals unilaterally without public input. Closely affiliated with the regime, the Election Commission chairman was a member of the junta’s Constitution drafting commission, and he also served as a military judge advocate general.

Internationally, an election commission is an organization which has various duties including collecting voter lists, examining candidate applications, announcing the list of candidates, conducting polls, counting and tabulating votes, with additional functions such as boundary delimitation, voter registration, the registration of political parties, electoral dispute resolution and civic and voter education.

Moreover, such commissions can regulate the conduct of political parties and candidates during the election process.

Among the key responsibilities is the registration of political parties. The commission may deny the registration of a political party, such as the National League for Democracy, if the party includes political prisoners as members or leaders, such as Daw Aung San Suu Kyi.

Through her lawyers, Suu Kyi recently remarked that the law should not be aimed at one particular person or organization, a charge alleged by many international groups and governments.

Parties or candidates can also be denied registration if the commission determines that they owe allegiance to a foreign government, are subjects of a foreign government or who are entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government, or a citizen of a foreign country. Again, the commission’s decision is final.

The commission can also deny registration to a party or candidate that obtains and uses directly or indirectly financial support, land, housing, buildings, vehicles or property from government or religious organizations or organizations of a foreign country.

Chapter (11) of the electoral laws grants the commission the authority to postpone the election in constituencies on the ground of natural disaster or security. The commission can also move a polling station to a safer location.

After the election, the commission is authorized to form a complaint body, which will hear accusations if a candidate is accused of violating election laws, and then make an appropriate ruling.

Analysts worry that with such wide-ranging authority and discretionary power, the Election Commission could directly affect the election’s outcome in favor of the regime because of the commission members’ lack of independence and impartiality.



Suu Kyi ‘opposes election role for her party’
BBC News: Tue 23 Mar 2010

Burma’s detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi opposes her party registering for forthcoming elections, her lawyer has said.
Nyan Win said Ms Suu Kyi told him the National League for Democracy (NLD) should “not even think” of taking part under what she called unjust laws.

Burma’s leaders say they will hold the first polls in two decades this year.

They recently enacted election laws which prevent key figures – including Ms Suu Kyi – from taking part.

The laws have been widely criticised. The US called them a setback for political dialogue in the country.

The NLD is due to meet on 29 March to decide whether to participate in the polls – for which no date has yet been set.

Leaders excluded

The NLD won the last elections in 1990 but was never allowed to take power. Ms Suu Kyi has spent much of the past two decades in some form of detention.

According to Nyan Win, Ms Suu Kyi said that she would allow the NLD to make its own decision despite her opposition.

“She will never accept registration under unjust laws, but her personal opinion is not to give orders nor instructions to the NLD,” the lawyer quoted her as saying.

The laws, published earlier this month, state that parties cannot have any members with criminal convictions. This rules out many of the NLD’s top leaders – including Ms Suu Kyi – who have been jailed on political charges.

If the NLD does choose to register for the polls, it must exclude its highest-profile personnel.

The laws also ban members of religious orders and civil servants from joining political parties. Buddhist monks were the driving forces behind anti-junta protests in 2007.



Opposition to sue Myanmar junta over election laws
Associated Press: Tue 23 Mar 2010

Yangon, Myanmar — Myanmar’s highest court Tuesday refused to accept a lawsuit by Aung San Suu Kyi’s political party seeking to revoke laws that bar the detained leader and other opposition members from taking part in the country’s first election in two decades.
Lawyer Kyi Win said the Supreme Court refused to accept the lawsuit, saying it did not have power to handle such a case.

It was unclear what steps if any the party would next take in its efforts to quash five election-related laws the ruling military enacted earlier this month that set out rules for this year’s vote.

One law prohibits anyone convicted of a crime from being a member of a political party and instructs parties to expel convicted members or face de-registration.

The lawsuit was largely symbolic since Myanmar’s courts invariably adhere to the junta’s policies, especially on political matters.

The National League for Democracy’s general secretary and one of its founders, Suu Kyi was convicted last year on charges of violating her house arrest when an American man swam uninvited to her lakeside property. She is serving an 18-month term of house arrest and many top members of her party and ethnic-based parties are in prison. Under the new laws they would be barred from the vote.

“We are taking the legal step against the electoral laws as they are unfair and the laws are a violation of human rights, personal rights and organizational rights,” said Nyan Win, a party spokesman, before the attempted lodging of the lawsuit against the ruling State Peace and Development Council.

The polls will be the first since 1990, when Suu Kyi’s party won a landslide victory. The junta ignored the results of that vote and has kept the Nobel Peace laureate jailed or under detention for 14 of the past 20 years.

The junta says the new laws have formally invalidated the results of the 1990 election because the election law under which those polls were held was repealed by the new legislation.

The elections are part of the junta’s long-announced “roadmap to democracy,” which critics deride as a sham designed to cement the military’s power.

No vote date has been set and the NLD has not decided whether it will take part. The party will decide Friday whether to officially register, the first step toward participating in the elections.

The party has also written a letter to junta leader Senior Gen. Than Shwe asking its leaders be allowed to have a meeting with Suu Kyi to discuss future policies.


Worries spread regarding NLD split – Phanida
Mizzima News: Mon 22 Mar 2010

Chiang Mai – Fears are the ranks of the National League for Democracy (NLD) could fracture following a contentious debate within party leadership on whether the party should re-register or not. Aung Shwe, Chairman of the main opposition party, reportedly proposed re-registration at a March 15th meeting at party headquarters in Rangoon in order to secure the party’s survival.

However, the debate remains hotly contested as to whether or not Burma’s primary opposition party should re-register with an eye to possible participation in the 2010 elections.

“The party could split into two factions owing to discussion on whether to participate in the election or not. The party should negotiate with the SPDC [Burmese junta] and within party membership as well. I believe the leadership can make a correct decision,” said Khin Nyunt Mu, Secretary of the NLD’s Women’s Affairs Working Group in Pegu Division.

All political parties must register with the election commission within 60 days from March 17th according to the recently enactednld-office-ygn1 Political Party Registration Law. At present there are ten political parties remaining from the 1990 general elections, including the NLD.

The NLD has to date reiterated its intent to stand by its Shwegondaing Declaration, which calls on the military junta to release all political prisoners including Aung San Suu Kyi, a review of the 2008 constitution, recognition of the 1990 general election results and commencement of a dialogue aimed at national reconciliation.

The Declaration echoes ideas debated and agreed upon by political prisoners during the course of the 1990s, which outlined perceived conditions relating to the release of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.

Khin Maung Swe, a Central Executive Committee member of the NLD, said the party should re-register, with the envisioned release of Aung San Suu Kyi providing for a readily available base of leadership.

“While we have not yet made clear a decision on whether to join the election or not, it is critical for the party to re-register. If we accept we are united with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, there must be a political party. When she is released she will definitely come to join us,” argued Khin Maung Swe.

However, sources close to the NLD said there is a division within the top 20 members of the party’s leadership, with Chairman Aung Shwe, Khin Maung Swe and Dr. Than Nyein heading a pro-registration faction opposed by the likes of Win Tin, Nyan Win and Ohn Kyaing.

As the decision appears deadlocked at the Central Executive Committee level, half of whose members remain incarcerated, the party has called for a March 29th meeting of the 100 Central Committee members to assist in deciding the matter.

If the NLD leadership chooses to enter the election, contends Khin Saw Htay of the NLD’s Women’s Affairs Working Group in Magway Division, “they would thereby default on their longstanding claim for the results of the1990 elections to be honored.”

“In the case of making a decision for the party on whether to join in the new election or not, every Central Committee member must show their courage. I worry they will vote pro-election since they are in fear of arrest. If so, I denounce them for the sake of ending the military dictatorship,” she said.

Today, NLD members from Meik-Hti-Lar Township in Mandalay Division sent a letter to party headquarters proposing an open voting system in making the decision.

“A person should openly stand for his or her political position. I call on them to openly state their position,” remarked Myint Myint Aye, a party member downgraded to ordinary party member status due to a violation of party regulations in February of this year.

She faults party leadership for a lack of preparation to the present crisis.

Tin Oo, Vice-Chairman of the NLD, himself recently released from house arrest, has yet to make any public statement regarding party re-registration. But he has stated he will stand together with Aung San Suu Kyi no matter her decision.

According to election laws, prisoners are not allowed to stand for election, let alone be members of political parties. Aung San Suu Kyi is currently serving an 18-month sentence for purportedly harboring an American man who gained illegal access to her lakeside compound in May 2009.



Political parties begin to register in Naypyidaw – Ko Htwe
Irrawaddy: Mon 22 Mar 2010

Two political parties—the 88 Generation Students of the Union of Myanmar (GSUM) and the Union of Myanmar National Political Force (UMNPF)—were the first to register on Monday to participate in the planned general election.Representatives of the two parties traveled from Rangoon to the Burmese capital, Naypyidaw, to register at the Election Commission office there. The GSUM was the first to hand in its registration application.

UMNPF Chairman Aye Lwin told The Irrawaddy on Monday: “Our country lags behind in comparison to others. I feel we have a chance to solve that problem in a political way.”

The UMNPF and the GSUM have close associations. Aye Lwin’s younger brother, Ye Htun, is expected to be named chairman of the GSUM.

The GSUM is distinct from the original 88 Students Generation group led by prominent former students—including Min Ko Naing and Ko Ko Gyi—who are now in prison.

Aye Lwin, a 46-year-old former political prisoner, started his own political group in 2005. His close contacts with regime officials (he had a meeting with Rangoon’s mayor, Maj-Gen Aung Thein Lin, five months ago) have made him unpopular with young activists, who accuse him of accepting substantial financial support from them.

Several other parties say they will register before the 60-day deadline expires. Democratic Party leader Thu Wai said his party’s central executive had decided on Sunday to send a representative to Naypyidaw to register.

Han Shwe, executive member of the National Unity party, said: “Our party will also register within the fixed date.”

A number of ethnic groups also say they are preparing to register as political parties.

Manam Tu Ja, joint chairman of the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), who resigned to form the Kachin State Progressive Party (KSPP), said the KSPP would register before the annual Water Festival in April.

Shwe Ohn, a prominent Shan leader said his party, whose name has not yet been confirmed, also intended to register within the next 10 days.

The newly promulgated election laws require parties to pay a registration fee of 300,000 kyat ($300) and 500,000 kyat ($500) for each candidate fielded in the election.



New Mon Party to join election – Lawi Weng
Irrawaddy: Mon 22 Mar 2010

The Mon will officially announce a new political party on March 31 to represent the Mon people in the election, according to Mon sources, who added that the new party was formed last year in Moulmein and has a name and a written constitution.Speaking with The Irrawaddy on Monday, Min Soe Lin, a committee member of the new Mon political party and an executive member of the Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF), said: “The new party has a five-member advisory board and a 15-member committee that includes three Mon Buddhist monks.”

Min Soe Lin was one of five MNDF representatives who won seats when the party ran in the 1990 election. After the election the junta disbanded the party and arrested at least four of the elected representatives including Min Soe Lin, who was sentenced to seven years in prison.

The new party is ready to register and participate in the election, he said, but after a meeting on March 15, they decided to delay making an official announcement until after the main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), announces on March 29 whether they will participate in the election.

“If the NLD doesn’t join the election, four committee members including myself will not join the new party because we disagree with the 2008 Constitution,” he said, adding that 11 committee members would remain.

The new Mon political party currently comprises some former central committee members of the New Mon State Party (NMSP), which is the Mon armed wing that entered a ceasefire agreement with the junta in 1995, the MNDF and other respected community leaders in Mon State.

Two executive members from the MNDF will join the new political party, according to Mon sources.

Mon leaders are divided on whether to participate in the election, meanwhile.

Those who don’t accept the 2008 Constitution view the election as a sham and say it will not be free and fair.

Nai Hang Thar, the secretary for the NMSP, told The Irrawaddy on Monday that the new constitution denies fundamental ethnic rights and will allow the military to hold onto power.

“The junta are holding an election because their main political goal is to supersede the 1990 election result that gave the NLD victory and legalize their military rule,” he said.

Other Mon leaders believe the election could offer an opportunity and they will continue to fight for Mon freedom in the new Burmese parliament even after the junta takes 25 percent of the seats.

The NMSP announced last year that it will not participate in the election. The NMSP leaders believe that they must maintain their armed wing because Burma is controlled by a military government.

To avoid increasing tensions among its members, however, the NMSP leaders said they would allow members to resign and join the new Mon political party if they wished.

Mon leaders believe that letting the NMSP maintain its armed wing to continue the potential for armed struggle while the new Mon political party takes the fight to the democratic stage is the right strategy.

Many Mon observers in Mon State, meanwhile, say they do not trust the junta to hold a free and fair election and they don’t believe the new Mon political party will gain any freedom for the Mon people.

Sources in Moulmein said the new Mon political party including former NMSP central committee members are currently working together mobilizing youths in Mon State for the election in 2010.



Tata Motors to build heavy truck plant in Myanmar – Nikhil Gulati
Wall Street Journal: Mon 22 Mar 2010

New Delhi –Tata Motors Ltd., India’s biggest auto maker by revenue, said Monday it has signed a pact with Myanmar Automobile & Diesel Industries Ltd. to set up a factory for making heavy trucks in the Southeast Asian country.The factory at Magwe in Myanmar is expected to be operational during January-March 2011, Tata Motors said.

The factory will have an annual capacity to make 1,000 vehicles and can be expanded to 5,000 a year, it said.

The company didn’t give any financial details, but said the project will be funded by a line of credit from the Indian government.



Asean should take a stand on Burma – Editorial
Bangkok Post: Mon 22 Mar 2010

As the general election in Burma, still scheduled for “sometime this year”, draws ever closer, it is time for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) to seriously consider a review of the grouping’s famous policy of non-intervention. Especially after the recently announced election laws. There are few experienced Burma watchers who hold out much hope that the elections will do much to break the military junta’s grip on power or bring about a more hopeful situation for its people.One of the election laws requires that the National League for Democracy (NLD) expel its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, because she is serving a suspended sentence under house arrest.

Even more distressing, UN special envoy Tomas Quintana, who visited Burma last month, told the UN Human Rights Council that the elections due this year could not be credible, because the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) had failed to remedy human rights abuses including the recruitment of child soldiers and the jailing of more than 2,000 prisoners of conscience.

Mr Quintana has recommended a UN inquiry into whether war crimes and crimes against humanity are being committed there.

It appears that as the election approaches increased tensions are developing between the government and a number of ethnic groups.

An Associated Press report on Friday quoted the general secretary of the Karen National Union (KNU), Zipporah Sein, as saying at a news conference in Bangkok that the ”risk of armed conflict between powerful ethnic minority groups and the military regime is at its highest level in more than two decades as contentious national elections loom on the horizon”. The KNU’s military wing, the Karen National Liberation Army, is Burma’s largest ethnic army, and has for some time engaged in fighting against Burmese troops, which it says is strictly to protect Karen civilians. Independent reports from human rights organisations and the UN confirm that the Burmese army is attacking and deliberately targeting civilians.

There are reports that other armed ethnic groups like the Kachin Independence Army and groups which have signed ceasefire agreements with the government, such as the Wa State Army and the New Mon State Party, are also preparing for a possible war.

In these areas the rising tensions are due in large part to a government plan to transform the armed ceasefire groups into a Border Guard Force under its control.

While in more normal circumstances this may be a good idea, the history of mistrust between the government and most of these groups probably makes this an impossibility under such short notice.

Zipporah Sein, the first woman leader of the KNU, has said: ”The military is sending troops to the areas of the ceasefire groups and they are ready to fight if attacked. So the tension is rising between them.”

Individually, many influential people within the region, including some government leaders, have spoken out against the situation in Burma in the run-up to the election, but Asean has officially remained silent.

Failure to articulate a principled stand on the Burmese government’s flagrant disregard for accepted international election standards of inclusiveness and transparency, and even more importantly, on the many apparent human rights violations, could seriously hurt Asean’s credibility in the international community. Moreover, such a failure amounts to a refusal to make the attempt to restrain the SPDC from one of the few quarters which may have real influence on the Burmese leadership.

This applies also to China, which continually blocks efforts in the UN Security Council to put pressure on Burma. Most recently this was done when British Prime Minister Gordon Brown requested an emergency meeting to discuss the Burmese electoral laws. Also last week, China’s representative to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva said there has been an improvement in Burma’s human rights performance despite recent statements like the one coming from Mr Quintana.

It is important for Asean and China to realise that any short-term gains from placating Burma may be far outweighed by the consequences of allowing the SPDC to continue in its present course.



Burma’s long, hard road to democracy – Achara Ashayagachat
Bangkok Post: Mon 22 Mar 2010

Burma might need three or four more elections before it could have a working democracy, but it has to start with the first election, according to leading dissidents.But many activists remained unconvinced, saying the general election is intended only to whitewash the entrenched military rule.

Harn Yawnghwe, executive director of Brussels-based Euro-Burma Office, said there was nothing much the outsiders could do – Asean and China strictly hold on to the non-interference principle while the US seemed to be obsessed with Afghanistan, Iran and other concerns.

But it did not mean that these countries were not involved.

“Asean will eventually accept the election, no matter what the results will be, hopefully not blatantly,” said Mr Harn, of Shan ethnic, at Chulalongkorn University’s public forum Monday on “Myanmar/Burma – Domestic Developments and International Responses.”

Inside Burma, there also seemed to be very limited options, “Certainly, the military will not allow people a lot of chances and they will not bring about democracy, but people inside the country needed to maximize the chance of having its first election in two decades,” said the senior Shan dissident.

The election law has already stipulated that if political parties or politicians boycott this election, the running candidate would automatically win, no matter what.

“The ethnic groups have to participate in this election, and they are doing so. Burma might need a few more elections before we could see some working democracy,” Mr Harn said.

Aung Naing Oo, a Burmese student leader during the 1980s, said the general election would open room for newcomers, unknown faces of various minorities in political scenes, and these candidates, although most of them had military backgrounds, should not be considered in a negative light.

“Inside the limited narrow choice of work, many ethnic people inevitably join the military. But these people are not necessarily evil. They are not stupid but well-educated—so they should be better than the blatant military SPDC,” said Mr Naing Oo, who advocated engagement with the Burmese junta.

He told a strong audience this morning that election would lead to long term prospect for bottom-up democracy, “This is a step that you must take, there’s no other way. We might need another 3-4 elections before we can see some positive light,” said the Chiang Mai-based analyst.
However, Khin Omar, coordinator of Burma Partnership, said the people inside Burma needed a really inclusive, transparent process that respects the rights of all peoples of Burma, not the current restricted environment.

“The key mechanism through which the junta has guaranteed its continued grip on power is the 2008 constitution that cements their authority in the three branches of government,” said Ms Omar.

While new regional and state parliaments would provide some representation for ethnic political voices, the constitution rejected their long-standing demands for federalism. “The election may not be even held in many ethnic areas,” said the Mae Sot-based activist.

Mr Harn argued that there was no ideal situation available, “Sixty years of armed struggle could not overthrow the junta either, so we have to make most use of the opportunity.”

Mr Naing Oo said a semi-military government was better than a blunt military administration and this was a golden opportunity for both the junta and Asean to endorse each other.

“There are in fact a lot of similarities between Burma and other Asean partners.”

But Western diplomats still encouraged Burma’s neighbours, particularly Thailand, Asean, China, and India to “do something”.

Canadian ambassador Ron Hoffmann said international community’s strategies regarding Burma have remained divided, yet Burma issue was still part of the G 8 political security concern.

Canada, where the majority of the 5,000 refugee population is from Burma, is now the president of the Group of heavyweight countries (G8).

Mr Hoffmann conceded that while sanctions would still continue, the international community needed to recognise there were wide views on the ground.

“Canada’s civil society against the regime is quite strong but we are still hesitant to close the space completely,” the Canadian ambassador to Thailand said. The election might not be free and fair but there’s a painful decision to make by the people there — whether to endorse the poll or risk the status quo.

Despite the disunity in the approach to Burma, the ambassador said, there should be common space or issue. All the neighbouring countries including Thailand, Asean, China, and India should communicate with the Burmese government and greater dialogue needed to be forged and a commitment on human rights and free and fair elections was a necessity.

“Asean and China have a non-interference policy but it is time they made a tough decision. Asean, in particular, has been in real dilemma but it is increasingly emerged as a grouping with its own human rights mechanism, therefore they have a legitimate role to play on Burma,” said Mr Hoffmann.

While he urged Burma’s neighbours to “do something”, he felt the G8 and Canada needed to be agile and evaluating —“a policy stance that is changeable to the situation”.

George Kent, the US embassy political counselor, said Washington’s stance has been similar to other regional players here who would like to see a dialogue between key stakeholders including opposition and ethnic groups, but since last November’s visit by US senior officials to the country, there did not seem to be any positive signals.

“The election laws show unwillingness toward that ends. It’s also disappointing to see the election commission was handpicked by the regime,” said Mr Kent.

Like other Western diplomats, Mr Kent observed that Asean after expressing blunt concerns on Burma’s development at the Asean meetings in Phuket, had become silent.

Its earlier hope— a tripartite core group, a coordinating mechanism on Post-Nargis Humanitarian Assistance, which was regarded as Asean window of opportunity to work with the military regime, has been wrapped up. So the Asean hope was also dashed, said the American diplomat.

Yet, he urged Thailand, Asean and all other players in the region that it was now more critical in expressing and sharing concerns privately and publicly with Burma that there must be some positive change and inclusive process within the country.



China comes to junta’s rescue again – Wai Moe
Irrawaddy: Mon 22 Mar 2010

Beijing has once again come to the defense of Burma’s ruling junta, using its permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to block a move by the UK to raise the issue of the regime’s recently announced electoral laws.“A number of council members support the idea of discussing Burma and getting an update on the situation there. It’s the subject of negotiations with the Chinese at the moment, who are always reluctant on these matters,” a Western diplomat told Reuters on Friday.

Following the announcement of new electoral laws on March 8 that ban Burma’s pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other dissidents from contesting this year’s planned election, Burma’s ruling generals have faced a fresh wave of international condemnation.

In an effort to apply pressure on the junta to review the laws, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, whose country is also a permanent member of the UNSC, sent a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon earlier this week requesting an emergency meeting to discuss the matter.

“Burma has ignored the demands of the UN Security Council, the UN Secretary-General, the US, EU and its neighbors by imposing restrictive and unfair terms on elections,” Brown said on Monday, adding that the UK would seek international support to impose an arms embargo against Burma.

According to The Inner City Press, a news agency focusing on UN affairs, Mark Lyall Grant, London’s Permanent Representative to the UN, walked into the UNSC meeting on Tuesday morning to talk about Brown’s letter.

Instead of agreeing to a UNSC meeting on Burma, however, Ban requested a meeting of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General on Myanmar [Burma] on March 25.

The Group of Friends includes Australia, China, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, the UK, the US, Vietnam and the president of the EU, a position currently occupied by Spain.

It was formed in December 2007 as part of a renewed effort to find an international consensus to deal with Burma following the junta’s crackdown on monk-led mass demonstrations in September of that year.

On Monday, Beijing also offered its support to the junta at a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva. China’s representative to the council, Luo Cheng, said there has been an improvement in Burma human rights situation.

He added that China appreciated the regime’s efforts to achieve political reconciliation.

China also prevented the UNSC from taking up the subject of Burma in October 2009, when
the matter was raised by the US and its allies. At the time, China said the council should focus on civilian casualties in Afghanistan instead of Burma.

Despite this show of public support for the regime, however, some Chinese experts on Burma said policy makers in Beijing were also disappointed by Naypyidaw’s election laws, which rejected international calls for inclusive elections.

A Chinese scholar on Burma who spoke on condition of anonymity said that the laws were not just a source of concern for the West, but also for China.

China is also worried about ethnic issues along the Sino-Burmese border. Tensions between Naypyidaw and border-based armed ceasefire groups have been growing since last year over the regime’s demands for the groups to transform themselves into border guard forces. A return to open hostilities on the border could affect stability and impact on Chinese’s interests in Burma.

In addition to the billions of dollars invested by Chinese state-owned companies in Burma’s oil and gas and hydropower industries and Beijing’s major role in developing trade routes to South and Southeast Asia through the country, Chinese businessmen are involving in a wide array of legal and illegal businesses in Burma, from border trade and jade mining to drug smuggling and human trafficking.

This week, officials from both countries held a regular meeting of a Sino-Burmese border committee in Tangyan, near areas controlled by the United Wa State Army, the largest ethnic ceasefire group. The tension over the border guard force issue was reportedly among the subjects discussed, as part of China’s efforts to maintain stability on the border.

“Keeping the border area between China and Myanmar [Burma] stable is the most important task for the Chinese government,” the scholar said. “But what Beijing will do if instability occurs is a big secret in China.”

He added that Beijing is concerned that the Burmese regime’s handling of the election law issue, which reflects its disregard for international opinion, could also be an indication of how it intends to deal with the ethnic ceasefire groups.
 
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#748 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Thu Apr 8, 2010 7:23 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 8/4/10
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  1. Burma’s Suu Kyi ‘welcomes party boycott of polls’
  2. NLD Mandalay office closed
  3. Child displacement in Burma documented
  4. Burma Army setting up more barriers against Wa
  5. ASEAN MPs tell leaders to consider expelling Myanmar
  6. US agency accused of sanctions busting
  7. Myanmar party sorry for not bringing democracy
  8. Many won’t vote without NLD
  9. Burmese PM may lead political party
  10. Myanmar to escape censure at ASEAN summit
  11. An election in name only
  12. UK favors sending Myanmar to ICC, China says it’s sovereign, UN’s Ban defers
  13. Elections in Burma
  14. A message to the people of Burma
  15. Food imports to Wa state ‘blocked’
  16. ‘The regime is a political rapist’
  17. Ethnic council opposes junta electoral laws
  18. Five reasons why Burma’s elections are bogus
  19. Myanmar tightens formalities with passport application
  20. Inter-Parliamentary Union urges Myanmar to change election laws
  21. Burma’s opposition boycotts
  22. The same old road to nowhere



Burma’s Suu Kyi ‘welcomes party boycott of polls’
Agence France Presse: Wed 7 Apr 2010

Burma’s detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi welcomes her party’s decision to boycott upcoming elections in the military-ruled nation, her lawyer said Wednesday.Senior members of the National League for Democracy (NLD) agreed last week not to register for the first polls to be held in two decades, after the ruling generals introduced a controversial new election law.

The party would have been forced to oust its iconic leader and recognise the junta’s constitution if it had signed up, but now faces dissolution in less than six weeks for failing to do so under new legislation for the polls.

“Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said she was very glad about the NLD’s decision,” said her lawyer and NLD spokesman Nyan Win after he met with the 64-year-old at her lakeside house. Daw is a term of respect in Burma.

Under election laws dismissed as a sham by international critics, if the party had registered for the polls, due before the end of November, it would have been forced to part with Suu Kyi because she is serving a prison term.

The Nobel peace laureate, who has been locked up for 14 of the last 20 years, had already told the party she was opposed to such a move.

Suu Kyi also supported the party’s apology Tuesday for failing in its struggle for democracy and national reconciliation, Nyan Win said.

In that statement, the NLD blamed the authorities’ crackdown and promised to continue peacefully in its fight for democracy.

“We will firmly stand by our decision. We have our future tasks. But we cannot reveal them at this moment because of our country’s situation,” Nyan Win told reporters, adding that the party would work within the law.

Burma’s election law nullifies the result of the last polls held in 1990 that were won by the NLD by a landslide but never recognised by the junta, which has ruled the country since 1962.

The United States, which has led international criticism of the new election law, blamed the junta for the opposition’s decision to boycott, saying the regime had missed an opportunity.

Amnesty International said Wednesday that Burma’s flawed election plans and “appalling” human rights record should dominate a summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) this week in Hanoi.

The London-based group said Burma was violating Asean’s own charter enacted in December 2008 which commits members to ideals of democracy and human rights.



NLD Mandalay office closed – Kyaw Thein Kha
Irrawaddy: Wed 7 Apr 2010

The National League for Democracy (NLD) Mandalay Division office closed on Saturday after local authorities applied pressure on the landlord, a member of the division’s organizing committee said on Wednesday.He told The Irrawaddy that the pressure to close the office began after the March 29 decision by the NLD not to register as a political party, and thereby face dissolution.

“The authorities put pressure on our landlord not to provide her three-story house anymore, and they asked her to comply as soon as possible,” said Myo Naing, a member of the Mandalay organizing committee.

All NLD offices across the country were closed by the authorities after the Depayin massacre in May 2003. The officies were only allowed to reopen on March 10, in preparation for the 2010 election, but only weeks later NLD members voted to not take part in the national election, citing its lack of fairness and inclusiveness, and saying that barring of party leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners from party membership and voting was undemocratic.

Myo Naing said the Mandalay office first opened in 2002 and the contents of the office have been moved to the home of a NLD member, who is also now under pressure from authorities.

On Monday, the NLD executive committee in Rangoon organized a 17-member management committee to handle arrangements for the party’s possessions after it is dissolved, said Tin Oo, the NLD vice-chairman.

According to the new electoral and party registration laws, political parties that fail to register before the 60-day deadline will be dissolved.



Child displacement in Burma documented – Lawi Weng
Democratic Voice of Burma: Wed 7 Apr 2010

In the ongoing military conflict in eastern Burma, children’s lives are scarred by death, destruction, loss and neglect at the hands of Burmese junta troops, according to a joint report by the Free Burma Rangers and Partners released on Wednesday.Based on the Thai-Burmese border, the Free Burma Rangers (FBR) and Partners released its findings in a report titled “Displaced Childhoods,” which chronicles conflict areas in eastern Burma
A displaced family flees from Burmese government forces in Karen State. (Photo: www.partnersworld.org)

According to the report, in 2009 alone there were about 112,000 villages in eastern Burma displaced due to direct or indirect actions by the Burmese regime. Children are particularly at risk in displacement, according to the report.

>From 2002 to the end of 2009, the report said that more than 580,000 civilians including more than 190,000 children have been forcibly displaced from their homes in eastern Burma. An estimated one to three million people live as internally displaced persons (IDPs) throughout Burma. A third of these are children.

The report documents how childhood is disrupted by violence, insecurity and poverty. Children are witnesses of and subject to arbitrary and extrajudicial killings, torture and mistreatment, arbitrary arrest and detention, rape and sexual violence, forced labor and conscription as porters, recruitment as child soldiers and restrictions on basic and fundamental freedoms.

Richard Chilvers, a FBR spokesperson, told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday, “We want to send a strong message that Burma must observe the rights for children because children are venerable in Burma. Particularly, children who are internally displaced.”

He said that the international community must put pressure on the regime and on the United Nations to enforce international standards of human rights inside Burma.

Saw Monkey, a videographer for FBR, said, “There is no peace, freedom and development in Karen State because of oppression.” He said that two children were shot dead and their mother was wounded in March in Ler Doh Township, Nyaunglebin District, in western Karen State.

He said the woman was returning home with her two children when Burmese troops in Light Infantry Battalion 369 shot her 5-year-old daughter at her side and her 5-month-old, who she carried on her back.

“The people live with fear all the time. Their life is always uncertain. Sometimes, when the army comes to a village, they have to run away. For children, they have to abandon their classes.”

The Partners and FBR teams collected information from 200 people affected by displacement in Burma through community-based surveys and border interviews and conducted 82 in-depth interviews along the Thai-Burmese border between June and December 2009.

The interviews included parents and grandparents as well as children from Arakan, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Karenni, Mon, and Shan states while living in junta-designated relocation sites, in cease-fire areas and in hiding. The FBR team surveyed more than 93 people from ethnic Karen and Shan communities, including 38 women and 46 children between July 2009 and January 2010.

David Eubank, the FBR director, said, “The dictators have committed their lives, fortune and honor to keeping power. If we want to be a part of freedom in Burma by resisting the power of hate with love, we can do no less. We love the people of Burma and stand with them, this is our heart. We believed that oppression is morally wrong, this is our mind.”

IDPs are typically forced to leave their villages, homes, farms and livelihoods with little advanced warning. The people find themselves in precariously unstable circumstances, lacking protection from human rights violations committed by the junta troops and in danger of further displacement with little access to the most basic necessities including adequate and sustainable food sources, clean drinking water, stable shelters, schools and healthcare facilities, according to the report.

The Partners and FBR have called for a formal investigation through a UN Commission of inquiry to evaluate all allegations of international crimes committed against the civilian population in Burma, including crimes against humanity and war crimes.

The groups said in a statement that according to the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, national authorities are responsible to prevent and avoid conditions that might lead to displacement of persons. Far from the fulfilling its obligations under international law, the actions of the Burmese regime have led to violent attacks on civilians, irresponsible development projects and widespread human rights abuses which have resulted in new instances of displacement throughout the country, according to the statement.




Burma Army setting up more barriers against Wa – Hseng Khio Fah
Shan Herald Agency for News: Wed 7 Apr 2010

Burma’ ruling military junta has reportedly been erecting barriers more densely than ever against ethnic ceasefire groups, especially in the United Wa State Army (UWSA) as the latest deadline 22 April draws near, according to local sources from the Thai-Burma border.The activities reportedly started on 27 March, Armed Forces Day. Between Tachilek and Monghsat, a distance of 63 miles, there are no less than 20 Burma Army checkpoints, a local source in Monghsat said. “It is to monitor Wa’s movements.”
[Burma Army checkpoint near Tachilek]

At the same time, Tachilek authorities are also vigorously conducting inspection of the people in the town for a week. They have been checking from house to house including hotels and apartments from 22:00 until dawn, said a Tachilek resident.

“They asked many questions. They checked our ID cards and questioned whether our cards are real or not. Some people staying in apartments got thorough inspection including their bedrooms.” she said. “We don’t’ know why they are so serious.”

In addition, rumor is around that Naypyitaw is deploying three more Light Infantry Divisions (LIDs): Kalaw based LID #55, Pegu based LID #77 and Pa-an based LID#22 to the areas very soon. Tachilek area commander Colonel Khin Maung Soe himself was reported to have left the town to oversee the preparations.

The situation seems if the Wa is still standing defiant to the Naypyitaw’s Border Guard Force program, a breakout of hostilities after 28 April is possible, a border watcher said.

The UWSA and other ceasefire groups have been given a 22 April deadline to accept the Burma Army’s demand, and to face the consequences of their continued defiance by 28 April, when they would be declared as illegal organizations.

According to a source close to the UWSA southern military region, the ruling military junta should accept the Wa’s latest counter proposal submitted on 1 April.

“In the past, we said there should be no junta officers at the battalion level,” he said. “But now we are allowing it to have one officer to serve either as a commander or deputy commander at the battalion level.”



ASEAN MPs tell leaders to consider expelling Myanmar
Agence France Presse: Wed 7 Apr 2010

Hanoi – More than 100 ASEAN lawmakers on Wednesday urged leaders meeting in Vietnam this week to impose sanctions on Myanmar and consider its expulsion for ignoring calls for free and fair elections.The legislators said leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) at their annual summit Thursday and Friday should “urgently discuss” the election due to be held in Myanmar later this year.

In a petition to the leaders, the parliamentarians condemned election laws unveiled by Myanmar’s junta which have been criticised as undermining the credibility of the vote, the first to be held in the country for two decades.

Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi’s party, the National League for Demoracy, has boycotted the poll over the laws, which would have forced it to exclude her from the party if it wanted to take part.

“With the promulgation of these apparently biased laws… the regime has forfeited its best opportunity to show willingness to engage in an inclusive process of national reconciliation,” the petition said.

The petition, endorsed by 105 members of parliament from Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore, was sent to leaders by the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC), which lobbies for democratic reforms in the former Burma.

“As Myanmar has thus far ignored ASEAN’s calls to reform… a new and more decisive course of action must be undertaken,” the MPs said.

“ASEAN should immediately enact strict and targetted economic sanctions against Myanmar’s military government.”

Myanmar should also be “immediately suspended from the grouping and its permanent expulsion earnestly considered” because it has failed to adhere to principles enshrined in the new ASEAN Charter, they said.

Myanmar has in the past escaped collective censure by ASEAN because of the group’s policy of non-interference in members’ internal affairs.

However, some ASEAN members have separately criticised Myanmar’s military regime and called for Aung San Suu Kyi’s release.



US agency accused of sanctions busting – Francis Wade
Democratic Voice of Burma :Wed 7 Apr 2010

The US government aid agency USAID has denied charges levelled by a Burma campaign group that it is breaching US sanctions on the military-ruled country.The prominent Washington-based US Campaign for Burma (USCB) said in March that USAID funding of the ASEAN Competitive Enhancement (ACE) project, which looks to promote the tourism and textiles industries of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, was “not in line with US-Burma policy”.

Burma is a member of ASEAN, but is subject to strict US trade and financial sanctions. A campaign to boycott tourism in Burma has received strong backing from various campaign groups, although this has not been factored into the US sanctions package.

But USAID’s funding of the ACE remains a “violation” of US policy and should be challenged by Congress, USCB advocacy director Jennifer Quigley has told TTR Weekly travel website.

“The spirit of [US Burma sanctions] was to keep American dollars out of the hands of the Burmese regime,” she said. “The way the Burmese tourism economy is structured, it is not a stretch to assume the regime would benefit financially.”

USAID communications director, Hal Lipper, defended the charges by saying that ASEAN had requested funding to Southeast Asia “as a region”.

One of the main arguments against tourism in Burma is that, with the majority of property and services owned by the ruling regime, tourist money would eventually find its way into government coffers. Moreover, rights groups have said that many tourist resorts and services were built using forced labour.

Detained Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi had previously urged tourists to stay away from the country whilst it remains under military rule, although this stance appears have softened in line with growing international engagement with the junta.

The pro-tourism lobby argues however that interaction with locals, although often highly restricted by the government, can contribute towards pulling the country out of decades of isolation.

Tourism currently only contributes to around 0.7 percent of Burma’s GDP, meaning that the boycott is largely symbolic and would have little tangible effect on the country’s economy. The impact of sanctions has also been lessened by Burma’s growing trade with ASEAN countries, as well as China and India.



Myanmar party sorry for not bringing democracy
Associated Press: Tue 6 Apr 2010

Yangon – The party of detained Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi said Tuesday it was sorry it could not bring democracy to the country because of repression by the military government but it will continue its nonviolent struggle.The National League for Democracy last week decided to boycott the first scheduled elections in two decades. It said the electoral laws imposed by the ruling junta, which would prevent Suu Kyi from taking part, were undemocratic.

In a statement Tuesday, the NLD said its leaders and the party members had sacrificed and worked relentlessly. The party “earnestly apologizes to the people” for its failure to achieve national reconciliation and democracy, due to arrests, repression, harassment and threats by the authorities.

“However, the League will never turn its back to the people or to its struggle for democracy,” the statement said. “We pledge to continue to achieve our goals for democracy through systematic, peaceful and nonviolent means.”

Myanmar, also known as Burma, which has been ruled by its military for 48 years. The government has touted the polls as part of a “roadmap to democracy.” Critics say the elections are a sham designed to cement the power of the military.

The junta says it will hold the elections this year but has not set a date.

The NLD statement said the electoral laws imposed by the junta for the polls are “unjust’ and “unrealistic.”

The party’s refusal to participate is likely to undermine the vote’s credibility in the eyes of foreign governments and the United Nations, which have urged the diplomatically isolated junta to ensure all groups take part.

Suu Kyi’s party won the last elections held in Myanmar in 1990 by a landslide but was barred by the military from taking power.

Suu Kyi, a Nobel laureate, has spent 14 of the last 20 years in jail or under house arrest.



Many won’t vote without NLD – Khaing Thwe
Irrawaddy: Tue 6 Apr 2010

Rangoon––In an Irrawaddy survey involving more than 500 people in Rangoon, nearly half said they do not intend to vote in the upcoming election if the main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), does not contest it.The Irrawaddy recently asked 520 Rangoon residents, both men and women, between the ages of 20 and 70, if they will vote in the election, even without the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi’s NLD. Two hundred and fifty-two persons (48 percent) said they did not want to, while 198 persons (38 percent) said they will vote even if the NLD does not participate. The remaining 70 declined to answer or said they had not yet made up their minds.
In the photo taken last year, pedestrians walk by wooden barricades with barbed wires in Rangoon. (Photo: AP)

“I only support the NLD,” said a 54-year-old construction engineer. “I voted for the NLD in the last election in 1990. If the NLD doesn’t compete in this year’s election, I won’t have any party to vote for. I am not going to cast my ballot.”

A 30-year-old woman said that she will not vote in an election without an NLD presence as she knows Suu Kyi’s party alone. She said that she does not know any other party and is not interested in them.

“The election will be meaningless without the NLD,” said a student from the Government Technical College. “All other parties contesting the election consist of people favorable to the regime. So, I am not going to vote.”

A majority of those who said they will not vote without the NLD participating thought the party had made the right decision in not registering for the election. Some said they had made the decision not to vote as a means of boycott, because they respect the NLD viewpoint and decision.

“I don’t think the election will be successful if many people, like us, do not vote,” said a 28-year-old taxi driver. “People need to join hands and they shouldn’t go to the polling station.”

Those who said they will still cast their ballots in the election, with or without NLD participation, had different reasons for doing so, according to our survey.

“As a civil servant I have no choice but to vote. I won’t be happy if the NLD doesn’t compete in election and I will have to choose another suitable party and vote for it, but not the USDA [Union Solidarity and Development Association],” said a 53-year-old office worker.

He added that the regime will force civil servants and military personnel to vote in the election, and could also arrange to mark their ballots the way it wanted.

“If I don’t go to vote, the authorities will get the chance to use my ballot,” a female trader said. “I can’t let that happen, so I must vote.”

“We should vote because it is our right,” said a teacher in his 60s. “We must express our opinion. Also, [the election] authorities will convert our votes into theirs if we don’t use them. I have thought about this and that’s why I believe we should all vote.”

Most of those in favor of voting despite the NLD absence said they do not favor the opposition party decision not to register. Many said that people should vote in the election because during the 2008 constitutional referendum the election authorities had transformed unused ballot papers and advanced voting ballots into “Yes” votes.

A 40-year-old businessman told The Irrawaddy he has yet to think about whether he will cast his ballot in the coming election, as there will be no NLD candidate. He said that he will make his decision based on the political situation at that time.

“The political situation is changing all the time,” said an elderly man. “It will keep changing, so I can’t say yet if I am going to vote.”

He said he believes the NLD was right not to register for the election, but that he was also concerned that NLD members would be driven out of politics due to the dissolution of the party, which would be a great loss for the people of Burma.

“The NLD is the party that was elected by the people,” said a retired headmistress. “I don’t like the way the NLD members made the decision not to register for the election by themselves. I think they didn’t pay attention to public opinion. People want the NLD to contest the election and they will vote for them. The NLD would surely win again if genuine elections were held.”



Burmese PM may lead political party
Irrawaddy: Tue 6 Apr 2010

Burmese Prime Minister Gen Thein Sein may leave his current post to head the new political wing of the government-backed Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), according to sources in Naypyidaw. Although Thein Sein reportedly wants to retire and is having heart problems, inside military sources said Snr Gen Than Shwe asked him to remain and head-up the new political party.
Gen. Thein Sein listens through his earphones as he attends a retreat session at the 15th Asean Summit in Thailand last year. (Photo: Reuters)

Several government sources said Thein Sein has been told to hand over his current house and other state-owned properties to the government. The new election laws forbid political parties and their candidates from using state-owned resources, although there is an exemption for resources officially allotted by the government.

The rumor regarding Thein Sein’s future is spreading fast among government servants, dissident circles and observers inside and outside Burma.

Thein Sein, who is known to be a trusted associate of Than Shwe (considered to be the patron of the USDA), was named prime minister in October 2007 and led the National Convention which resulted in the controversial 2008 Constitution. In 2001 he was appointed adjutant-general of the War Office and three years later was promoted to the Secretary-1 in the regime’s ruling council.

Sources said two other high ranking officers and trusted aides of Than Shwe are expected to take leading roles in the future civilian government: Gen. Thura Shwe Mann, the joint chief of staff in the armed forces who is considered the junta’s No 3 in command, and Maj-Gen Htay Oo, the minister of agriculture and irrigation and secretary-general of the USDA.

The 2008 Constitution grants 25 parliamentary seats to the military. It is not known if Thein Sein, Thura Shwe Mann and Htay Oo will run for the junta-sponsored political party as civilian candidates or be appointed to parliament as military representatives.

Sources say two high level officers close to Than Shwe will not enter the political arena. Lt-Gen Myint Swe, head of the Bureau of Special Operations (5), and Maj-Gen Tin Ngwe, chairman of Mandalay Division, will reportedly remain in the military.

The USDA was formed in 1993, and according to official documents has 24 million members, almost half the population of Burma.

USDA members held 633 seats, or 58 percent, at the National Convention convened in 1993 to prepare guidelines for the new constitution. The guidelines were finally approved in 2007 and the Constitution was enacted in 2008.

Opposition group observers say most USDA members are civil servants who were recruited by harassment and intimidation. It also includes teachers, students, business people and political activists.

Many Burmese view the USDA as principally an instrument of the regime that carries out violent acts against opposition activists and civilians. The group has paramilitary members who perform surveillance and search for dissidents in hiding.

USDA members played a key role in the bloody crackdowns during the 2007 uprising and in a deadly attack on Aung San Suu Kyi’s motorcade in 2003, in which 100 people were killed.

In November 2005, Htay Oo publicly told USDA members that if necessary the association will be turned into a political party.



Myanmar to escape censure at ASEAN summit: observers
Agence France Presse: Tue 6 Apr 2010

Hanoi – Myanmar’s widely condemned election plans will loom large at this week’s ASEAN summit, but criticism is unlikely from regional nations with their own flawed records on rights and democracy, observers say.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit is being chaired by communist Vietnam, a one-party state that is accused of overseeing deteriorating human rights.

Laos and Cambodia are other members worried about setting a precedent that would make discussion of human rights more acceptable within the bloc, said Christopher Roberts, from the University of Canberra, Australia.

“I think that’s a central concern,” said Roberts, a lecturer in Asian politics and security.

Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo has said he will urge members at the talks to call for a reversal of Myanmar’s electoral laws, which he said contravene the junta’s promises to embark on a “roadmap to democracy.”

Myanmar’s opposition, the National League for Democracy, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, said last week it would boycott the ballot — the first in two decades — expected to be held later this year.

Under the new electoral laws, the party would have to expel Suu Kyi if it wanted to participate because she is serving a prison term. The Nobel peace laureate has been detained for 14 of the last 20 years.

Without her, the vote cannot be free and fair, say Japan, Australia and Britain. The United States blamed the ruling junta for the opposition boycott, saying the regime had missed an opportunity to move forward.

Leaders of ASEAN’s 10 members are to hold their talks, a twice-yearly event, on Thursday and Friday.

Myanmar has always escaped formal censure from the grouping in the past and observers see virtually no chance of this meeting producing a joint statement criticising the Myanmar vote.

“They are holding an election. Why are you complaining? This is the mentality of a lot of the ASEAN,” said Pavin Chachavalpongpun, a fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore (ISEAS).

Although a big question mark surrounds the legitimacy of Myanmar’s next government, “not every regime in ASEAN is legitimate anyway,” he said.

Thailand’s army-backed government, for example, is under pressure from street protesters demanding snap polls to replace an administration they say is undemocratic after coming to power in a 2008 parliamentary vote.

The ASEAN summit comes just a few days after its host, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung, held talks in Myanmar with junta leaders.

An Asian diplomat said he expected Dung would have told the ruling generals that the elections will be under global scrutiny and “need to be credible”.

But Dung would not have pushed the regime to allow Suu Kyi to run in the polls because Myanmar could then ask Vietnam to release its own prominent detainees, said the diplomat, who requested anonymity.

Human rights activists say ASEAN’s longstanding principle of non-interference in members’ internal affairs also restricts its ability to criticise Myanmar.

Phil Robertson, deputy director of Human Rights Watch’s Asia division, said Vietnam “has consistently resisted efforts to raise human rights issues within ASEAN.”

The bloc’s diverse membership ranges from Communist Laos, one of Asia’s poorest nations, to the Westernised city-state of Singapore, the absolute monarchy of Brunei and the vibrant democracy of Indonesia.

“I see a growing gap in the values within the ASEAN states”, which are divided between conservatives and those — often led by Indonesia — seeking change, said University of Canberra’s Roberts.

The region is at a crossroads, said Yap Swee Seng, executive director of Forum-Asia, an umbrella for regional rights groups.

Rapid economic development and rising education levels have created a strong middle class that is helping to push many countries — including Vietnam, but not Myanmar — from authoritarian-style rule towards more democratic systems, said Yap.

“The people are demanding more and more participation in the decision-making,” he said, adding the issue is whether regimes will be able to adapt to those demands.



An election in name only – Editorial
Bangkok Post: Tue 6 Apr 2010

Burma’s military regime has thrown aside all appearances of democracy and conciliation. Its new election law bans the opposition from participating in the coming polls. It gives special privileges to the military elite and their supporters.The junta has snuffed out an appeal against the illegal imprisonment of democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi, and announced airily that she will be locked up for the duration of the election.

For these egregious actions, and for its general violence towards its citizens, Burma’s rulers should be ostracised worldwide, and punished if they step outside their country.

Only a Burmese dictatorship could come up with an illogical plan that bars political detainees from the political process. Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya said Thailand intends to lobby Burmese authorities to make the elections more fair.

Thailand hopes all Burmese can participate, and that the junta will come to its senses regarding the incarceration of Mrs Suu Kyi and other political prisoners.

The abhorrent state of politics in Burma is difficult to overstate. Last month the special United Nations envoy charged with investigating the country, said that charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity should be considered. Envoy Tomas Ojea Quintana issued a signed report that the entire Burmese junta, from Senior General Than Shwe on down, was guilty of “systematic violations of human rights”.

One must never forget that Burma is, in fact, fully capable of conducting a civilised and democratic election. The army, under some of the very men who still hold power today, permitted free polls and a nationwide vote in 1990. Mrs Suu Kyi was locked up in the immediate lead-up and on polling day, but her National League for Democracy (NLD) won an overwhelming victory.

That election proved that democracy is more than just one day at the polls. The NLD was never permitted to take its place in parliament, the army launched a brutal and often violent crackdown to divide and conquer the election winners, and hundreds were jailed as political prisoners. Having lost the election, the junta simply stayed in power.

It is now trying to make its despotism legitimate with another election. The rules, of course, have changed. The army must win so no anti-military candidates can run, no dissidents can campaign, ward chiefs will keep track of just how each citizen votes.

By the sham constitution, the farcical vote results will mandate that the army must always have a deciding voice in the government. To cap it off, any soldier or member of the regime who may break any political rules or laws will receive amnesty automatically.

This is the election law which caught in Mr Kasit’s throat, as it should repel anyone who favours democracy. The election laws forbid participation and bring huge penalties including still more prison time for political dissidents. The regime members, however, are automatically off the hook. This is almost a dictionary definition of tyranny.

The world cannot intervene in the internal affairs of Burma, but every nation and group can display its abhorrence of the Burmese dictatorship. Mrs Suu Kyi, the NLD political party and all non-violent political opponents of the government deserve full support.

Right-thinking people must take sides. They can show support for the opposition and make it clear to the Burmese junta that the election or its result cannot be respected under current circumstances.



UK favors sending Myanmar to ICC, China says it’s sovereign, UN’s Ban defers – Matthew Russell Lee
Inner City Press: Tue 6 Apr 2010

United Nations — Amid calls to refer the military government of Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, like Sudan was referred, UK Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant told the Press on Wednesday that his country would support such a referral. But, he said, the Security Council lacks the unanimity necessary for such a referral. Inner City Press asked China’s new Ambassador to the UN Li Baodong what his country thinks of the Council discussing Myanmar’s election laws. “General elections in a country is a matter of sovereign states,” he replied, “and should be respected.” This principle, he said, applies to Myanmar.

When Lyall Grant emerged to speak about Myanmar, or Burma, Inner City Press asked him about China position. We disagree, he said, noting that Myanmar is on the agenda of the Security Council, that it can instability that is a threat to international peace and security.

But when Secretary General Ban Ki-moon addressed the media, Inner City Press asked him about Aung San Suu Kyi’s call on her National League for Democracy to not register for the upcoming elections, given how flawed the election laws are.

“Let me answer tomorrow afternoon,” Ban Ki-moon told Inner City Press. Video here from Minute 7:34, UN transcript below. There will be a meeting of Ban’s Group of Friends on Myanmar, to be addressed by Ban’s chief of staff Vijay Nambiar. We’ll be there.

Footnotes: On March 23, Inner City Press asked Ban’s spokesman to confirm or deny that Ban proposed a former Indonesian foreign minister to replace Ibrahim Gambari as his envoy to Myanmar, but that Than Shwe vetoed it. Nesirky said, “that’s the first I hear of it,” despite the report being included in an article Nesirky said was the only story alleging that Nambiar secretly traveled to Myanmar earlier this year.

Inner City Press asked the UK’s Lyall Grant if the UK believe that a permanent replaced for Gambari should be named. His reply noted that Nambiar is only in the position on an “interim” basis. As Inner City Press has previously reported, the U.S. has said it prefers not naming a permanent replacement until after the elections, so that the person is “not stained” by the elections.

From the March 24 UN transcript:

Inner City Press: I wanted to ask in the run-up to this meeting with the Group of Friends of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi has said that her party, the NLD [National League for Democracy], and other opposition parties, shouldn’t even register for the poll, that the election laws are flawed. I’m wondering; you convened the meeting, what’s your thinking of what the UN can do, given that the main opponent now wants to boycott it?

SG Ban: let me answer tomorrow afternoon after I have convened the meeting of the Group of Friends of Myanmar. I need to discuss this matter with the ambassadors participating in that meeting. I will have a clearer answer, if you excuse me.



Elections in Burma – Editorial
Irish Times: Tue 6 Apr 2010

THE DECISION this week by Burma’s National League for Democracy (NLD), the party of imprisoned Aung San Suu Kyi, to boycott the country’s forthcoming elections was both inevitable and understandable. To do otherwise would have been to give political credibility to a profoundly flawed election and equally dubious parliament, and to repudiate both its own leader and its many jailed activists. The NLD decisively won the last election in Burma in 1990 – 60 per cent of the vote and 80 per cent of seats – but was prevented by the military from assuming power.Some of the opposition in Burma have until recently leaned towards participating, arguing that doing so would give them a platform, however limited. But the election, the date of which is expected to be announced any day, will be no exercise in accountability. In truth it is only a crude and implausible attempt to legitimise the continued rule of a brutal military regime.

The parameters for the election are set by the 2008 constitution which entrenches military power by reserving 25 per cent of seats for the army, creating a strong new national defence and security council on which the military retains a majority, and vesting extraordinary powers in the commander-in-chief. It grants immunity to all members of the current regime for acts committed in the course of their duties and gives the military a veto on constitutional change. Reinforced by March 9th electoral rules, it also bans candidates who are or were in jail for political offences, requiring parties to exclude them from their ranks or face dissolution.

Aung San Suu Kyi, who has spent 15 of the last 21 years in detention, has indicated she “would not dream” of entering the elections. And the respected International Crisis Group reports that “the main reaction of the populace to it and the forthcoming elections is indifference, rooted in a belief that nothing much will change”.

Internationally the campaign to isolate the junta has been strengthened by a report and welcome recommendations by the UN Special Rapporteur Tomas Ojea Quintana, who describes “a pattern of gross and systematic violation of human rights” of civilians. The abuses, including killings, rape, torture, ethnic cleansing and forced labour, were the result of long-standing state policy, he said. He has rightly urged the UN to establish a commission of inquiry to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity in Burma and to bring charges against members of the regime.



A message to the people of Burma (unofficial translation)
National League for Democracy: Tue 6 Apr 2010

1. The National League for Democracy (NLD) was formed with a commitment to establish democratic system in Burma, which the people of Burma demanded unanimously during the 1988 nationwide pro-democracy uprising.Since its inception, NLD has consistently tried to; (1) Establish a true democratic government in Burma (2) Fully achieve fundamental human rights (3) Firmly lay the foundation of democracy to prevent the re-emergence of a dictatorial regime in the future (4) Perpetuate the Union with equality among all ethnic nationalities (5) Contribute for the peace in the world by improving the lives and development of the people and stability in the country of Burma

To achieve these afore-mentioned aims, the NLD leaders and members have tried to achieve national reconciliation, a necessary and fundamental requirement of democracy, through a great deal of sacrifices. 2. In the 1990 multi-party general election, NLD won 392 seats out of 485 contested seats. This was a mandate given by the people of Burma for the NLD to lead them toward a democratic society. Therefore, the Members of Parliament-elect of the NLD aimed to achieve national reconciliation, convene the Parliament, and solve the problems in Burma peacefully. Hoping to realize meaningful political dialogue with the regime, NLD leaders and its MPs attended the National Convention, held by then State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), now called the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). NLD MPs had participated in the National Convention process and tried hard to draft a democratic constitution. However, these attempts were not successful. SPDC refused to convene the Parliament with the elected MPs, and the rightful Parliament was never allowed to emerge.

3. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of NLD, is deeply committed to solving the problems by peaceful means through meaningful dialogue. She has tried hard repeatedly to have a dialogue with the leaders of the military. She continues to call for a dialogue with the military regime while under house arrest. As soon as she was released from house arrest (in 1995 and 2000), she continued to call for dialogue.

Aung San Suu Kyi escaped an assassination attempt in the Depayin massacre in 2003. Even so, she didn’t consider revenge and continued to call for the military regime to establish a political dialogue. In 2009, she was again given a prison sentence when an American citizen, Mr. John Yettaw, arrived at her house unwelcomed. She still continued to call for the regime to meet and discuss for the interest of the country. In her latest letter to Senior General Than Shwe, Chairman of SPDC, she wrote that “she requests Senior General to grant a meeting to discuss for the lifting of economic sanctions”. To sum up, numerous attempts by the NLD leaders, members, and MPs-elect to establish a system of democracy in Burma and for national reconciliation were obvious, fully recorded, and have been ignored by the SPDC, rendering their attempts unsuccessful.

4. Now, the SPDC issued a set of electoral laws, including the Election Commission Law, Political Parties Registration Law, Peoples’ Parliament Election Law, National Parliament Election Law, Region (or) State Parliaments Election Law, and by-laws, with the aim of holding elections in 2010. These laws are unjust, undemocratic and not in line with the basic characters of the law. Throughout history, peoples have built their associations and societies based on justice. When we compared these laws with the society of the people of Burma, we found that these laws are obviously not free and fair for our society. They are not in line with principles of democracy, such as distributive justice, natural equality, and political equality. These laws also go against universal ethics. Furthermore, forcing parties to pledge to obey and abide the 2008 Constitution is a violation of democracy and human rights. These laws ignore the demands of an all-party inclusive election made by the UN Secretary-General and the international community.

5. Considering these facts, the Central Committee of the NLD met on March 29, 2010, and decided without objection that the NLD shall not re-register the party at the Election Commission, as the electoral laws issued by the SPDC are unfair and unjust.

6. Standing by the people, the NLD has made persevering efforts for the emergence of democracy and national reconciliation while enduring arrests, punishment, intimidation, disturbances and all sorts of restrictions by the authorities. Nevertheless, all these efforts were to no avail as a result of one-sided suppression and annihilation by the authorities. The NLD would like to sincerely and earnestly apologize to the people of Burma for these vain attempts.

7. However, the NLD will never turn its back on the people of Burma or on its struggle for democracy. We pledge to continue to achieve our goals for democracy through systematic, peaceful and nonviolent means, guided by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, who said that “I would like to speak to the people of Burma that I will try as much as I can to continue an effort to achieve democracy in Burma.”

As per decision made by the Central Executive Committee meeting on April 5, 2010
Central Executive Committee National League for Democracy Rangoon
National League for Democracy No 97(B) West Shwegondine Street, Bahan Township, Rangoon

* Translated by US Campaign for Burma



Food imports to Wa state ‘blocked’ – Ko Thet
Democratic Voice of Burma: Mon 5 Apr 2010

Burma’s ruling junta has reportedly blocked the flow of food into the country’s volatile Wa state in a possible sign of looming hostilities against an ethnic army there.Tension has been high recently between the Burmese army and United Wa State Army (UWSA), Burma’s largest ceasefire group. The two are currently in talks over the transformation of the UWSA into a Border Guard Force.

The 30,000-strong Wa army has so far refused to transform, raising concerns about the future of the already tenuous ceasefire it holds with the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). The transformation would see it reduce troop numbers and come under direct government control.

UWSA spokesperson Aung Myint said that the army “would accept” the transformation if certain conditions were altered, although did not elaborate on what these are.

The two sides met on 1 April, where the UWSA was asked by Burma’s military security chief, Ye Myint, to submit a proposal regarding the transformation, to be enacted on 28 April.

“It is hard to say whether there will be fighting right after 29 April or just later,” said Aung Myint. “Now the SPDC has blocked imports of food into the Wa state.”

“There is no food shortage yet in the Wa state but it won’t be good for long if the blockade continues.”

China has expressed concern about possible outbreaks of fighting in the Wa region, which is located in Burma’s northeastern Shan state and borders China. Last year, fighting between Burmese troops and a nearby ethnic Kokang army forced some 37,000 refugees across the border into China.

“China is worried about a refugee influx and weapons smuggling problems on their side if fighting breaks out, and has expressed a wish to maintain peace and stability and see development on the China-Burma border,” Aung Myint said.

The Wa army is predominantly made up of ethnic Chinese and is rumoured to receive financial and military support from Beijing. It is one of nearly 20 ethnic armies to have signed a ceasefire with the Burmese junta, although many of these now look increasingly fragile.

The junta has threatened to use force against the UWSA if it finally rejects the offer, and the Wa told DVB recently that it was “preparing for the worst” should it shun the proposal.




‘The regime is a political rapist’: Win Tin
Irrawaddy: Mon 5 Apr 2010

Win Tin, a leading member of Burma’s main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), likened the country’s ruling regime to “a political rapist” intent on destroying the party that has led the pro-democracy movement for the past two decades.“They want to strip us of our 1990 election victory so that we are like a 20-year-old girl, naked and exposed. We cannot allow ourselves to be raped,” he said in an interview with The Irrawaddy, explaining why the party chose not to contest this year’s election.
Win Tin, a senior leader of NLD, attends the party’s central committee meeting at its headquarters in March 29. (Photo: AP)

The outspoken critic of the junta said that the NLD wanted the regime to re-open a dialogue with detained leader Aung San Suu Kyi and review the Constitution. But he added that the chances of this happening were very slim.

He also admitted that he and several other NLD leaders were naive to believe that the regime would introduce election laws that were flexible enough to allow the party to participate in the new polls.

“The election laws made it very clear that the regime doesn’t want Daw Aung San Suu Kyi or the NLD to have any part in the election,” he said.

The NLD decided last Monday that it would not participate in the election because it was required under a new party registration law to expel Suu Kyi and other members serving prison sentences. The party now faces dissolution for refusing to register for the election.

Win Tin said that the NLD leaders will ponder their next move at a meeting next Monday. He also stressed that the party is counting on the international community to send a strong message to the regime that its handling of the election is unacceptable.

“We know that they have limited power [to influence Burma’s political situation], but we want them to react and show that they know what’s really happening here,” he said.

The US and the UN expressed regret last week that the NLD was forced to make a decision that now jeopardizes the party’s continued existence, but blamed the move on the Burmese regime’s draconian election laws.

Meanwhile, Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya said earlier this week that “[the NLD] have every freedom to decide on their own affairs. So I honor and I respect [their] decision.”

On Wednesday, Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa visited Burma and told his Burmese counterpart in Naypyidaw that Jakarta expected the regime to “uphold its commitment to have an election that allows all parties to take part.”

Win Tin said that NLD leaders wanted to see more reaction from the region and beyond. “We want China, India and the European nations to speak up,” he said.



Ethnic council opposes junta electoral laws – Hseng Khio Fah
Shan Herald Agency for News: Mon 5 Apr 2010

The Ethnic Nationalities Council (ENC-Union of Burma), a coalition of ethnic political organizations, announced yesterday that the council would not accept the Burma’s electoral laws as they were patently one sided laws drawn by the military junta for itself. The announcement was made after its five-day long meeting held from 27 to 31 March at an undisclosed place on the Thai-Burma border. It was attended by 35 representatives from 7 ethnic states: Kachin, Karen, Karenni, Arakan, Chin, Mon and Shan states.

According to the council resolutions, the group will oppose not only the electoral laws, but also the military junta’s 2008 constitution which it says is undemocratic. At the same time, the group expressed its support for the National League for Democracy (NLD) on its decision on 29 March not to re-register as a political party.

On the other hand, the council will not oppose or condemn ethnic organizations and individuals planning to contest in the forthcoming elections, or the people who will vote in the elections even though its position does not support the elections.

The newly elected Chairman Tu Tu Lay urged all state representatives to prevent discord among those who are participating in the elections and those against the elections.

According to a participant at the meeting, there are people, even though they are against the 2008 constitution, who has decided to contest elections.

One of them is veteran Shan politician Shwe Ohn, who formed a new party; Union Democratic Alliance Organization (UDAO), last year saying if there are no opposition parties, the military junta’s candidates will win by acclamation.

A former member of the defunct Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), who also shared the same view, said, “The military’s door is opening a little bit. We must try to pry it open wide with a few seats that we can win.”

A former resistance leader said that ethnic people have been fighting against the junta for more than half a century, but they have yet to win, it is because they are fighting from the exterior lines. “It is high time we fought them in the interior lines.”

The ENC was established in August 2001 as Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee (ENSCC). In 2004 it became ENC, a state based organization. Another ethnic alliance is the National Democratic Front (NDF), formed in 1976, by armed ethnic movements.



Five reasons why Burma’s elections are bogus – Mac McClelland
Mother Jones: Fri 2 Apr 2010

This week, Burma’s National League for Democracy, the party of detained Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, announced that it wouldn’t participate in the country’s first elections in two decades, which are to be held sometime later this year. Than Shwe, the general who heads the Burmese junta, insists that the contest will be “free and fair,” and despite mountains of evidence to the contrary, some outside observers appear to be buying the hype: ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan said that the elections are “a new beginning,” and the New York Times ran a bizarrely rosy story about the country’s future. But the NLD boycott reflects what everybody in Burma already knows—that the elections are a farce.Let’s take a look at the aforementioned mountains of evidence:

1. The government is already cheating. The military’s proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Association, has spent millions currying favor with the populace by paving roads, opening free health clinics, and giving away high school tuition. This started before the junta announced the rules for participating in the election (or even a date; October is the rumor), effectively crippling other parties’ ability to start campaigning. When the government finally did reveal the campaign rules, they were so stacked against the opposition—for example, barring Aung San Suu Kyi from participating—that the NLD sued to have them revised. The case was rejected.

2. Even if the generals don’t win, they could still “win.” In 2008, 92 percent of Burmese voters allegedly said yea to a constitution drafted by the junta. Never mind that the new constitution basically legalized forced labor or that the vote was held in the chaos following a cyclone that killed 140,000 people. Also, the last time the government held multiparty elections, in 1990, and lost to the NLD by a landslide, it simply declared the results void and kept Aung San Suu Kyi incarcerated.

3. Even if the generals admit that they don’t win, they still can’t actually lose. According to the constitution, 25 percent of the seats in parliament are reserved for the military, and the current government picks the candidates for president. And in the event that parliamentarians do start exercising too much power, the military machine could always just reassert control of the state, as it did in the coups of 1962 and 1988. Than Shwe reminded the populace of this possibility last weekend when he made the wholly unveiled threat that the army can step into politics “whenever the need arises.”

4. Bad guys will continue to hold the purse strings. The Times has cited the government’s decision to sell “a raft of state-run factories and assets to cronies in the private sector” as a sign of progress. But the reason the military is hastily selling off hundreds of state-owned properties—buildings, land, oil and hydro projects, ports, an airline—to its leaders and crooked friends is to guarantee that the country’s economy will remain in their grasp no matter what the election outcome.

5. There’s the matter of rampant discrimination and war crimes. Don’t discount, as most Western media does, the millions of ethnic minorities inside Burma’s borders, many of whom will not participate in the elections (the rules of which were published only in Burmese and English) and some of which have armed insurgent groups threatening to come out of retirement in the face of election-related turmoil. Also rarely discussed is the full-on, horribly bloody war in the east of the country. These minorities’ continuing disenfranchisement and targeting for annihilation is hardly a move toward peace and democracy. A UN official and more than 50 US congresspeople have called for an investigation into the regime’s crimes against humanity, but a clause in the wildly popular constitution stipulates that the perpetrators cannot be brought to justice.

ASEAN’s Pitsuwan may have cause for saying that the Burmese government’s decision to hold elections is a “step forward”—after all, that’s not saying much about a government known for its total disregard for political and human rights. But such falsely hopeful messages diminish the gaping distance between Burma’s current state and true democracy. Did the National League for Democracy have any choice but to sacrifice their chance to play along with the charade?




Myanmar tightens formalities with passport application
Xinhua: Thu 1 Apr 2010

Yangon – The Myanmar authorities have tightened formalities for its citizens in applying for a passport by adding more complicated procedures for the applicants to go through, the local weekly Popular News reported Thursday.Quoting Yangon division’s Internal Finance and Revenue Department, the report said a passport applicant is re-set to obtain tax clearance verification not only for himself which was previously required but now also for all other household members with whom he is living together, thus adding burden to the applicant.

The authorities’ move is said to prevent anyone of a household member from tax evasion.

Tax clearance is one of the procedures which requires a passport applicant to go through.

Myanmar has been taking some measures since 2006 to tighten levying of taxes in a bid to raise state revenue, while seeking ways also to expose those evading paying tax.

These measures include denying the biennial renewal of private business licenses on failure to fully settle their outstanding tax payment annually.

There are five categories of tax collected by the government, namely commercial and service tax, income tax, profit tax, tax for sale of state lottery and stamps.

Meanwhile, Myanmar on Thursday started introducing passports of international bar-code OCRB system for its citizens to replace handwritten ones in line with the demand of International Aviation Organization which called for stopping the use of the hand-written passports, according to the passport issuing authority under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Such OCRB passport-readable machines are installed at the Yangon International Airport for the move as well as to facilitate the OCRB passport holders from the international.

Over the period when the new measure is taken, matters related to Myanmar passport extension and renewal in foreign countries, where Myanmar embassies are located, are being suspended for one month from April 1 to 30, according to the ministry.



Inter-Parliamentary Union urges Myanmar to change election laws
Deutsche Presse-Agentur: Thu 1 Apr 2010

Bangkok – The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) on Thursday called on Myanmar’s junta to amend its recently promulgated election laws to ensure polls planned this year are “inclusive, free and fair.”“With the elections drawing to a close, time is running short,” said Philippine Senator Aquilino Pimentel, president of the IPU’s human rights committee.

The IPU, an organization which brings together the national parliaments of 143 countries, wound up its 122nd assembly in Bangkok on Thursday.

Myanmar’s military junta last month passed a series of election-related legislation that appeared designed to force the main opposition party – the National League for Democracy (NLD) – to boycott the polls.

The Party Registration Law, for instance, prohibits people currently serving prison terms from being party members. This would force the NLD to expel party leader Aung San Suu Kyi from their ranks before it is allowed to contest this year’s election, a date for which has not yet been set. Suu Kyi is currently serving an 18-month house arrest sentence.

On Monday, the NLD announced the party would not contest the polls.

The NLD won Myanmar’s last general election in 1990, but has been blocked from power for the past two decades. The party remains the strongest political opponent to the military institution that has ruled Myanmar, also called Burma, since 1962.

The IPU human rights committee also examined the individual situations of 293 parliamentarians in 32 countries including Myanmar, Afghanistan and Malaysia.

Senator Pimentel said that the parliamentary delegation from Afghanistan had agreed to close a case against Afghan member of parliament Malalai Joya for a statement she had made, and would allow her to run in the elections in Afghanistan later this year.

He said he hoped that “in the few months between now and the elections, the Afghan Parliament will reinstate Ms Joya.”

On the controversial case of Malaysian member of parliament and de facto opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim, who faces sodomy charges, Pimentel said, “The investigation and the proceedings seem to suffer from the same flaws as in the previous sodomy case.”

Malaysia’s Federal Court overturned the conviction in his earlier sodomy case and he was released from prison in 2004.



Burma’s opposition boycotts – George Packer
New Yorker: Thu 1 Apr 2010

The Burmese military regime knows how to do one thing well: survive. Twenty years ago, it nullified an election that was massively won by the party of the opposition, the National League for Democracy. It placed the party’s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, under a house arrest that, with a few brief respites, continues to this day. For two decades, the regime has consolidated its power, created an economic oligarchy, ended most of the ethnic insurgencies or fought them to a draw, crushed any democratic tremors among the civilian population, bought off its neighbors, and successfully defied American and world condemnation. Two years ago, in the immediate aftermath of a cyclone that killed one hundred thirty-five thousand people, the government forced Burmese to approve a constitution drafted by the regime itself to perpetuate its hold on power. Elections were scheduled for this year, with the military guaranteed a percentage of seats in parliament and other undemocratic entitlements. The opposition was faced with an excruciating dilemma: whether to join an election that would be its first chance in twenty years to have a share of power, and thereby legitimize the regime’s illegitimate rule, or boycott on principle and accept more years of essentially impotent resistance. For the past two years, this question has preoccupied Burma’s brave, beleaguered political dissidents inside the country, and their supporters on the outside. It was the age-old conundrum of compromise and its limits.

On March 11th, the regime published its election laws. Chapter 2, Section 4(e) of the political party registration law bars any party that participates in the elections from including as members prisoners currently serving sentences. Last year, Aung San Suu Kyi was convicted of violating the terms of her house arrest after a mentally unstable American swam to her house and took refuge there. So under the new law, for the N.L.D. to compete in the elections, Suu Kyi would have to be expelled from the party she has led for twenty years.

On March 29th, the N.L.D. announced that it will boycott the elections. This means that, as of May 6th, Burma’s most important opposition party will be dissolved. The decision by the central committee’s one hundred thirteen members was officially unanimous, but there had been intense debate and division over the question. Apparently, a six-point message released by Aung San Suu Kyi decided matters. And now the opposition’s future is more uncertain than ever.

With its draconian election law, the regime, incompetent in all other matters, shrewdly put the N.L.D. in the position of having to assent to its own destruction. The world will protest, as it always does when the junta shows its barbaric character, but the regime will ignore the protests, secure in the knowledge that it will not have to compete against a party led by the one person it most fears (though the N.L.D. could be reborn under other names). Suu Kyi is almost universally loved and admired in Burma, but her courage is not always distinguishable from inflexibility. Her party is run by elderly men—many of them former political prisoners—who will never defy her. Like many opposition movements under authoritarian rule, it is more democratic in principle than practice. Some respected Burmese voices, such as The Irrawaddy magazine, based in Chiang Mai, Thailand, have not greeted its decision with unalloyed enthusiasm.

It’s almost impossible to know what younger Burmese inside the country think. When I made two visits there in 2008, some of them, who revered Suu Kyi, nonetheless wanted to participate in elections and regarded the N.L.D. as unresponsive to their desires. Others were searching for non-political ways to carve out a margin of freedom. The N.L.D. seemed to be more and more trapped in its own past. The most vibrant parts of Burmese society were not its aging political opposition but its young artists, journalists, humanitarian workers. What will they do now that the main vehicle of political expression is on the verge of dissolving?

As always, the regime has advanced its own short-term interest at the expense of the country it rules. The elections presented a chance for Burma to thaw its frozen relationship with most of the world, and to begin to resolve its own immense conflicts. However flawed, they offered some movement, some way out of a suffocating deadlock. The Obama Administration has been looking for alternatives to the sanctions and isolation that have been American policy toward Burma since 1990, and that have manifestly failed, seeking instead what it calls “pragmatic engagement.” This week, Asia Society released a report (I was a member of the task force) that analyzes the current political and economic landscape in Burma, and proposes how the U.S. might coördinate its policy with Burma’s neighbors in a way that could quickly take advantage of any openings from within the regime. Without giving the junta something for nothing, the report outlines a nuanced strategy over several stages that would mix pressures and incentives in a more flexible and pragmatic fashion than past American policy has allowed.

The launch of the report (including an event in New York on the morning of April 7th) has been overshadowed by the N.L.D.’s dramatic announcement. Once again, Burma and the world are moving in opposite directions. The U.S. might be ready to seek a compromise with the regime, but the regime is still doing what it does best: by its own brutal rigidity, forcing the opposition into a rigid and, perhaps, a self-defeating response.



The same old road to nowhere – Naw May Oo
Irrawaddy: Thu 1 Apr 2010

The 2008 Constitution and the upcoming election guarantee a continuation of Burma’s longest civil war, and the only hope for a peaceful Burma is to constitutionally accommodate ethnic diversity.Beginning with independence, Burma has a history of ignoring critical issues and interests. In 1947, Aung San and his Anti Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) tried to aggressively secure Burma’s national independence from the British by securing the ethnic minorities’ agreement to join a proposed Union of Burma.

As a result, the Panglong Agreement was signed designed to reward Burma with independence. The 1947 Constitution was drafted for an independent Burma and ratified in 1948. In theory, a federal union (Pyidaungsu) and a democratic government was established.

The newly independent Burma, however, was understandably fragile. First, the young country was not prepared to implement democratic principles. Second, the promised democratic union never came to be, and the ethnic groups who agreed to join the non-existent union rebelled.

A decade of constitutionalism and electoralism gave way to the first military coup d’état in 1958 and then to the more permanent military takeover in 1962.

A careful look into the handling of the ethnic discontent would indicate that the government deliberately avoided constitutional discussion which might have helped to reach a peaceful resolution. Instead, the fledgling parliamentary democracy regime turned to the army (Tatmadaw) for help in quelling perceived threats from ethnic groups.

A second Constitution (1974) was ratified to affirm the first military coup of 1962, through which the military government transformed itself to civilian rule by adopting the “Burmese Way of Socialism.” The Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) ruled until the demise of the party in 1988. Now, the third Constitution (2008) paves the way to affirm the second military rule, planning to transform itself to a civilian government through upcoming elections.

What will be the outcome of the 2008 Constitution and attempts to transform the ruling military leadership into a civilian government? While we cannot say for certain, we can point to distinctions between this constitution and prior constitutional efforts. We also can identify key issues, which may present challenges and obstacles for the future based on Burma’s past.

There are substantive differences between the 1947 Constitution and the 2008 Constitution. But, there are also striking similarities between the two documents.

The 1947 and 1974 Constitutions

An inadequate basis for federalism in a multi-ethnic society is one of the factors contributing to the failure of democracy. The government’s consistent refusal to address the question of ethnic diversity constitutionally is the fundamental root-cause of the ongoing civil war in the country.

Generally speaking, ethnic discontent began with the broken promises following the drafting of new constitution in 1947. Minorities joined or agreed to join Pyidaungsu (the Union) based upon the premise that all members of the Union would adhere to the federal principles and thus enjoy full-membership in the Union. Although the word “federal” never appeared in either of the Constitutions, both documents mentioned repeatedly the equivalent Burmese word “Pyidaungsu.”

Some said that the 1947 Constitution established a federal framework by establishing a bicameral national legislature and provisions that spelled out minority rights. The territories of four ethnic groups, the Karen, Karenni, Shan and Kachin, were recognized and each was designated a separate state in the Constitution but with unequal status. For example, while Shan State and Karenni State were constitutionally granted the right to secession, while the other states were not. Moreover, spelling out the right to secession in the Constitution is operationally meaningless.

The 1974 Constitution continued to term Burma as Pyidaungsu or the Union. Some analysts say it also provided a federal theory. For example, ministerial Burma was divided into seven states and seven divisions with little real power and autonomy. But, the same Constitution provided for a unicameral legislature and centralized all powers even further and entrenched the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) as the only legal political party in the country.

The same constitution continued to recognize the Burmese language the only official language, and prohibited the teaching, publishing and printing of any other ethnic languages by law.

The 2008 Constitution

It is normal to expect that the constitution would address the problems of democratization and the recognition of Burma’s ethnic and linguistic plurality, principally by engaging these stakeholders in a dialogue regarding reconciliation. The general understanding is that most civil, armed or unarmed, disputes are about 1) the structure of the state, 2) control over natural resources, and 3) the question of groups’ right to self-determination, or some combination thereof.

These issues are most commonly matters necessarily dealt with in a constitution and constitutional laws governing a country. It is then natural to expect that the coming into effect of a new constitution can mean the end of civil (often armed) conflict. And, a constitution producing this sort of result ought to be comprised of the negotiations and debates between the stakeholders.

However, such a dialogue and collaborative process were largely forsaken by the current regime. The constitutional drafters failed to actively involve the participation of the people governed, throughout the process of deciding and drafting the Constitution. on the contrary, the upcoming 2010 election appears only to affirm two things: first, the hegemony of Burma’s Armed Forces and second, the guaranteed continuation of the current civil war.

The 2008 Constitution acknowledges the multi-ethnic character of Burma. The constitution gives token significance to the separation of power between the branches of government, spheres of government and the military but practically provides little to no mechanism in which this division can occur.

Constitutional law experts observe that the sub-national governments at states and local levels have very little effective powers and almost no self-government as they are subordinated to the Pyidaungsu legislature and especially to the executive. In effect, regardless of the repetitious use of the term Pyidaungsu or the Union, Burma is by no means a federal state under 2008 Constitution.

What should bother all citizens most, regardless of their ethnicity, is the way in which the 2008 Constitution addresses civil rights. The way rights are formulated and the limitations placed upon them are even more problematic. The people of Burma will, if at all, enjoy their most fundamental human rights at the pity of the regime.

The Upcoming Election

Will this attempt at legalizing elections and forsaking the question of minorities succeed? Or will Burma continue to repeat the well-established patterns of its past? The Burmese military regime is moving forward with a plan to legitimize and solidify military rule.

The recent election law released by the Burmese regime is shocking to many, given the regime’s persistent rejection of concerns of the people of Burma and the global community.

As for Burmese expatriates, experience tells us that the military has repeatedly used elections and the constitution as a platform to shepherd in new military leadership under the guise of reform.

As for ethnic minorities, we sense the impact of an unfolding political fiasco. We are haunted by the ghost of our country’s history. Twenty years after staging the coup, the Burmese military once again launched another reform effort through the 2008 Constitution. Bold public proclamations declare the government will now transform itself to a civilian government via an election in 2010. Once again will this be a shuffling of rank, responsibility and fiefdoms?

Burma is at a crossroads, the country could advance, or fall back into the well established pattern of military rule and human rights abuses. How the United States and the United Nations respond to the upcoming election and the Burmese regime could probably impact the course of the election, the Burmese Constitution, and set a precedent for the rest of the world.

The actions taken by the Burmese regime are simply a repeat and repackaging of old tactics and without a new approach, the country could easily fall back into its historic conflict patterns and civil war.

* Naw May Oo is a doctoral student writing her dissertation on constitutional design and federalism for post conflict states with a concentration on Burma at Indiana University Maurer School of Law and a fellow at the Center for Constitutional Democracy.
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#749 From: raihana.diani@...
Date: Thu Apr 8, 2010 7:32 am
Subject: Re: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 8/4/10
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FYI
The earthquake 7,2 SR happened again in Aceh yesterday..

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Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:23:57
To: <readingroom@...>; <dagainfo.burma@...>
Subject: [justpeaceinasia] [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 8/4/10

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#750 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Fri Apr 23, 2010 10:02 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 23/4/10
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  1. Burma’s hip-hop resistance spreads message of freedom
  2. NLD Youth rolls out human rights aims
  3. Khin Maung Swe may run solo after May 6
  4. Wa hosts allies for security talks
  5. Saboi Jum brothers want KIO to accept BGF
  6. India eyes $5.6bn Burma hydropower deal
  7. Sanctions will force Burmese junta to negotiate
  8. Succession strategy
  9. Final days at NLD Party headquarters
  10. NHPC May Build Power Projects in Myanmar
  11. Junta raking candidate backgrounds
  12. KIO holds militia courses ahead of army deadline
  13. Refugees in Burma, Malaysia and Thailand: Rescue for Rohingya
  14. Burma’s ‘forgotten’ Chin people suffer abuse
  15. Leading parties stay away from election
  16. Ethnic group in Myanmar gears up for war, peace
  17. BGF impasse explained to people by Kachin leaders
  18. Elections without rights
  19. Burmese music: Sound of the underground
  20. The UN singles out big oil in Burma, with good reason
  21. Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis in Bangladesh
  22. Weekly business roundup


Burma’s hip-hop resistance spreads message of freedom – Jack Davies
Guardian (UK): Thu 22 Apr 2010

Thxa Soe’s music gives country’s youth a focus for dissatisfaction with the junta despite strict censorship
Taunggyi, Shan state – Burmese hip-hop artist performs in Yangon. ‘Some people in government like me, some people hate me.’

Burmese hip-hop artist performs in Yangon. ‘Some people in government like me, some people hate me.’ Photograph: New York Times/Redux/eyevine

They know every word. Boys, bare-chested and sweating in the April heat. Girls clutching digital cameras, their faces streaked with paste to protect them from the sun. They answer the call-and-response lines with increasing excitement. By the time Thxa Soe reaches the chorus, the crowd have taken over. With fists pumping the air, they roar his words back at him.

This is a summer music festival, soaked in alcohol and drenched in sweat, the same as anywhere. But this is Burma, and nothing is the same here.

The barricades keeping the audience from the stage are ordinarily used to control rioters. They are ringed with razor wire. At the very front of the crowd, two novice monks, wrapped in the maroon robes that have come to symbolise defiance in Burma, dance and play air guitar. And everywhere, the Tatmadaw – Burmese military officers – armed and helmeted, watch over all.

Everything is watched in Burma, everything is scrutinised, and everything is controlled. Books cannot be published without government approval, song lyrics are vetted by a censorship board for anti-government sentiment before they can be recorded. Anything even vaguely critical of the ruling military junta is swiftly outlawed, any attempt to circumvent the regime brutally repressed.

But an imported art form – hip-hop – is providing a subterranean vehicle for quiet, yet significant, dissent among Burmese youth.

Burma has a history of revolutionary music. Traditional protest songs, known as thangyat, were once used to air grievances, both small, against neighbours, and large, against authority. Following the 1988 student uprising, however, the music was banned outright by the ruling military junta.

But hip-hop’s fluid lyrics wrapped in rhymes and youthful argot make it a perfect modern format for subtly spreading an anti-authoritarian message.

Thxa Soe is one of Burma’s leading hip-hop stars, and one of its most outspoken. He first heard hip-hop as a student at the SAE Institute in London, instantly admiring the quicksilver rhymes and daring lyrics of Dr Dre and Snoop Dogg.

But he also had an interest in the traditional music of his homeland, and began researching the hundreds of documents held in the UK. “In the British Library, I discovered these traditional songs, [with] original Burmese-language lyrics, that nobody had performed for hundreds of years. They were taken from Burma in the 1780s. Many songs that people had never heard.”

He began combining the two art forms, meshing the ancient melodies with computer-generated beats, and near-forgotten Burmese-language words with his own modern lyrics.

“I like, and people like, the freedom of hip-hop. There is not much freedom in rock, but in hip-hop you have freedom to express, express your ideas. And this is our hip-hop, for Burmese.

“I have too many words, not only me, too many teenagers have too much to say. Because our country is a very closed country, and the older people have a closed mind, a concentrated mind.”

The Burmese people have been promised elections this year, the first in two decades. No one at this concert has ever cast a ballot. But even before a date has been set, the poll has been written off by the international community as a sham. The main opposition party, the National League for Democracy, which won 80% of seats in the last election in 1990 but was never allowed to take office, will not contest it.

It opposes new election rules laid down by the junta which forbid the participation of its leader, the Nobel peace prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, because she is serving a prison term. Aung San Suu Kyi has spent 15 of the past 21 years under house arrest, put there by the same military generals now legislating to keep her from taking part.

There will be no campaign in Burma this year, no discussion of policies, opposition and government, and no international oversight to ensure the polls are “free and fair”.

More than 2,000 political prisoners remain in Burmese jails, and rebel armies in several eastern provinces, including in this state, the Shan, run a fierce resistance against the military’s brutal rule.

“The election will not bring democracy,” the Guardian hears more than once in Taunggyi. But through music, there is opportunity for expression.

Meeting foreign journalists is dangerous, so Thxa Soe speaks to the Guardian several days after the concert at a house 500km south, in Burma’s capital, Rangoon.

The 29-year-old flew under the junta’s radar with his first album, but he is now a victim of its success. Its popularity has meant he is closely watched by the government censors.

Outright criticism of the government is forbidden, but he skates close to the edge of what is acceptable in the junta’s eyes, and his songs are regularly banned.

On a recent album, fully three-quarters of the tracks were forbidden, fearful of reprisals from the junta, fled Burma.

“[I said to him:] ‘Hey man, you can’t be paranoid, but you don’t want to face [this] kind of problems, you need to get out from this country.’ So he decided he want to get out, so I helped him go to America.”

But even the seemingly anodyne can land musicians in trouble in Burma. One of Thxa’s songs recently banned had as its only lyrics: “Hey hey, how are you?”

Famously paranoid, tThe Burmese government is undoubtedly aware its young people are pushing the boundaries of what it will tolerate.

The regime’s mouthpiece, state-run newspaper, the New Light of Myanmar, regularly rails against foreign art forms and entertainment.

Police regularly seize from street vendors bootleg copies of albums and live performances they have banned, but, cheap and quick to reproduce, they are never off the streets long.

Thxa Soe says he has chosen to stay in Burma, despite the risks, because he sees his voice as important in his homeland. “It is very difficult being a musician in Myanmar. You are not free. You are always being watched, for what you say, and you are being told what you can say and what you cannot. [But] I believe music can change a country, not only our country, but the whole world.”

And there are others in Burma finding an outlet for dissent in music. A group known as Generation Wave, its exact membership unknown, secretly records and distributes anti-government albums across the country, dropping them at the tea shops that are the social hubs for Burma’s underground political network.

They write songs such as Wake Up, a call for young people to join the pro-democracy movement, and Khwin Pyu Dot May (Please Excuse Me), the story of a young man asking his mother’s permission to join the struggle.

Most of its members keep their identities a secret, after high-profile member Zayar Thaw was jailed for six years for forming an illegal organisation.

But the threat of prison has not stopped Burma’s young flocking to the group, as fans and as members.

“We welcome young people to participate in our movement against the regime,” a performer known only as YG says. “Our songs honour mothers and revolutionists. We want young people to be active and interested in politics. Every youngster can be an activist.”

As the grinning teenagers leave the Taunggyi concert, steam rising from their sweat-soaked bodies in the now cool midnight mountain air, a young man yells out to the Guardian Thxa Soe’s banned song lyric: “Hey, hey, how are you?”

Innocent enough, but in Burma, everything has meaning.
Censored by the state

Thxa Soe’s record with Burma’s notorious censorship board, run by the ruling military junta, is patchy. On his most recent album, nine of 12 songs were banned.

One song titled Hey, We Have No Money was allowed but another, Water, Electricity, Please Come Back, an obvious comment on Rangoon’s inconsistent power supply, was forbidden.

The titles of Thxa Soe’s albums – Blend Of Music, Mix Or Don’t Mix If You Want To – reflect his musical style, which combines traditional Burmese songs and lyrics with hip hop-style beats and words.

He has been criticised by the censorship board for “ruining” traditional Myanmar music, and the Myanmar Theatre Association has forbidden musicians in traditional orchestras from using their instruments to play contemporary music.



NLD Youth rolls out human rights aims – Khai Suu
Mizzima News: Thu 22 Apr 2010

New Delhi – Human rights issues will be the focus of National League for Democracy (Youth) activities once the party ceases to exist as a legal entity, a party spokesman said yesterday.
Electoral law provisions published last month by the military regime were causing the party to expire, – Rangoon Division Hlaing Tharyar Township National League for Democracy (NLD) Youth information department joint chief Khai Soe said.

“After the NLD took the decision not to stand for election, our party programmes and activities will be more clearly directed on human rights issues and activities … Because we think, under the 2008 constitution, the human rights situation will worsen before and after the election”, Khai Soe told Mizzima.

“I have experience in this issue as I am the former political prisoner. I fully comprehend the dangers that lie ahead … But we cannot be afraid …” he said. “We must face this situation and do what we should. We will work on these activities for the development of rights in Burma and to put our work back on a democratic track.”

The policy will be put to work within the legal framework by starting in Pegu, Irrawaddy and Magwe divisions, he said. Among the activities, the group will expose oppression by local authorities, land-grabbing, extrajudicial killings, forced recruitment of child soldiers and forced voting in the forthcoming elections.

“We will support the families of political prisoners by visiting their homes for counselling. And we will encourage them and discuss with them their right to choose whether or not to vote and that no force should be exerted. We will tell them to inform us when they experience these kinds of oppression and we will convey these violations to the people who deserved to be informed”, Khai Soe said.

He also said that he will start this activity alone but that he has many supporters. He has to fill the vacuum left by rights activist Suu Suu New, who is serving a prison sentence for her work.

Khai Soe was sentenced to a seven-year jail term in 1998 by the Insein Special Tribunal after being charged under sections 5(j) of the 1950 Emergency Provisions Act and 17(1) of the 1908 Unlawful Associations Act.

(Section 5(j): to affect the morality or conduct of the public or a group of people in a way that would undermine the security of the Union or the restoration of law and order; Section 17(1): Whoever is member of an unlawful association, or takes part in meetings of any such association, or contributes or receives or solicits any contribution for the purpose of any such association, or in any way assists the operations of any such association, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term [which shall not be less two years and more than three years and shall also be liable to fine].)

After his release from prison, he has engaged in social work and became an NLD member in 2007. “I gave vocational training to children in abject poverty and school dropouts by finding donors. And also I provided training in hairdressing to young prostitutes who had been pushed into the flesh trade because of economic hardship and poverty. I organised them to get back on track,” he said.


Khin Maung Swe may run solo after May 6
Mizzima News: Thu 22 Apr 2010

New Delhi – Fissures in the National League for Democracy have deepened over the re-registration issue, with party Central Executive Committee member Khin Maung Swe leaning towards going it alone after the May 6 deadline for registration, when the group will cease to exist as a political entity.
Khin Maung Swe has however let it be known he would continue to be loyal to National League for Democracy (NLD) founder Aung San Suu Kyi and the party until the deadline. He is among the few leaders likely to form a party or contest as independents, yet they are averse to being branded disloyal to the NLD and Aung San Suu Kyi, analysts believe.

The main opposition party had unanimously chosen against re-registration with the Election Commission after deciding against contesting the polls. It had said its decision was based on its view that the electoral laws were “unjust and unfair”. Khin Maung Swe was among the few who disagreed with the party on the issue.

“I shall do nothing until the last date for registration, which is May 6 in keeping with my loyalty to both NLD and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,” he said.

May 6 is the last date for registration with the Election Commission in accordance with this year’s Political Parties Registration Law. Soon after Khin Maung Swe was publicly critical of the NLD over its decision not to run, a rumour spread that he would join the race anyway. He denied the claim, citing his indecision on the matter.

“It’s not true that I will contest the elections. I have not yet decided to contest as an individual. It is just speculation by some people. I have no intention to do anything for the time being for I am in a wait-and-see mode,” the NLD Information Department member and Central Executive Committee (CEC) member told Mizzima.

If political parties, which won in the 1990 general elections like the NLD, do not re-register with the commission, their legal status will automatically be void.

Fellow CEC member Dr. Than Nyein, Rangoon Division Vice-Chairman, who nurses a similar opinion on re-registration, also said he would continue to be loyal to the NLD until the cut-off date.

“We are members of NLD as long as NLD exists until May 6. We have not yet taken any decision on electoral issues,” he said.

But both declined to say what they would do after the May 6 deadline.


Wa hosts allies for security talks – Wai Moe
Irrawaddy: Thu 22 Apr 2010

As the junta’s deadline for the Border Guard Force (BGF) plan passes on Thursday, the largest of Burma’s armed ethnic groups, the United Wa State Army (UWSA), which has upward of 20,000 troops, met this week with its allies to discuss the potential threats they face in the near future, sources close to the groups told The Irrawaddy.
“The ethnic groups have learned a lesson from the failure of their Kokang allies, and are preparing a united front against any threats to the development and stability of their territories,” said a source who spoke on condition of anonymity.

Since Naypyidaw first proposed transforming the various ethnic cease-fire groups into BGFs one year ago, groups such as the UWSA, the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), the Kokang army (officially called the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army), the Mongla-based National Democratic Alliance Army and the Shan State Army-North, have formed alliances with each other.

Following the Burmese army’s seizure of the Kokang headquarters in Laogai, near the Chinese border, in August last year, the cease-fire groups have reportedly pledged to stand alongside one another if one group is attacked.

The Burmese army knows that with the UWSA involved, any conflict with the ethnic groups could potentially involve a lengthy and bloody campaign. A couple of days before the deadline, the UWSA sent a letter to the junta saying it rejects the BGF proposal.

According to sources, the Wa leadership reportedly said in the letter that their stance had not changed since their previous letter to Naypyidaw on April 3. It also said that the Burmese regime, or any other party, is welcome in the Wa region if they want to help create development and stability. However, anyone who “seeks to destroy” the region’s peace and development would be considered an enemy, they said.

Contrary to Naypyidaw’s demands, the Wa leaders insisted that any BGF unit stationed in Wa territory must be headed by Wa commanders with Burmese army officers assigned to deputy commander positions. Furthermore, the UWSA proposed that general staff officers could be assigned from the Burmese army, but that all deputy staff officers must come from the UWSA. The Wa said it would allow six lower-ranking Burmese officers in each battalion, whereas the junta demanded 27 rank and file military personnel.

The junta rejected the Wa’s terms on April 9 during a meeting between Wa leaders and a government delegation led by Lt. Col. Than Htut Thein, who is a general staff officer in the Triangle Regional Military Command, according to The Shan Herald Agency for News, which monitors affairs in Shan State.

Saengjuen Sarawin of The Shan Herald Agency for News said that both the Wa and the Burmese army are preparing for conflict. He said the Burmese have reinforced troops and military facilities in northern and southern Shan State, while the UWSA has done similarly in their own territory.

Another major ethnic cease-fire group, the KIO, based in northernmost Burma, was due to hold BGF negotiations with government officials on Thursday in Myitkyina, the capital of Kachin State. Burmese Prime Minister Gen Thein Sein and the chief of the Military Affairs Security, Lt-Gen Ye Myint, who is the chief negotiator with the cease-fire groups, are scheduled to attend the meeting.

The KIO is yet to announce its acceptance or rejection of the BGF proposal. The group proposed that Kachin troops join a “Union Defense Forces,” in the “spirit of Panglong,” referring to a 1947 agreement that granted the Kachin and other ethnic groups full autonomy and internal administration of frontier areas.

Kachin sources said KIO associates in Myitkyina could face retaliatory measures after the deadline passes, noting that a Kachin official was recently arrested in Myitkyina because he traveled to his family home without travel documents.

Analysts have said the BGF issue is posing a dilemma for the Burmese army as the generals’ proposal has failed to bear fruit.

Meanwhile, Chinese premier Wen Jaibao postponed his trip to Burma, Brunei and Indonesia, from April 22 to 25, due to the deathly earthquake in northwestern Qinghai Province, according to the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Web site.

As the Chinese are traditionally and geographically close to the Wa, Beijing has repeatedly called for peaceful solutions on ethnic issues in Burma.


Saboi Jum brothers want KIO to accept BGF
Kachin News Group: Thu 22 Apr 2010

In what might lead to fresh fissures in the Kachin community, prominent peace mediators Rev. Dr. Saboi Jum and his younger brother Hkun Myat are seriously suggesting that the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) accepts the Border Guard Force proposed by junta supremo Snr-Gen Than Shwe.
The Saboi Jum brothers have told the KIO, the last remaining Kachin armed group refusing to accept the BGF that “It (BGF) is the key and the door can be opened by only a key”. It means the relation between the junta and the KIO will end if the latter rejects the BGF, said a KIO official in Laiza headquarters.

Saboi Jum and Hkun Myat attended the latest KIO’s public meeting explaining its stance and the “lack of positive result on BGF negotiations with the junta after 15 times”, in Laiza headquarters in east Kachin State on April 16. But the two brothers had to go back home in Myitkyina without getting a chance to talk to KIO leaders, said participants.

Earlier this month, three other Kachin leaders who sided with the junta were— Dr. Tu Ja, former Vice-president No. 2 of KIO, Zahkung Ting Ying leader of New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K) transformed to BGF and Col. Lasang Awng Wa leader of KIO split Lasang Awng Wa Peace Group transformed to a militia group. They also suggested that the KIO accept BGF —or else it will have trouble in terms of existence.

Saboi Jum is the former general secretary of Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC) and founder and director of Shalom Foundation (also called Nyein Foundation), one of the largest national NGOs in Burma. His brother Hkun Myat is a businessman.

The two brothers, a pastor and a businessman mediated in a big way and successfully helped sign a ceasefire agreement between the junta and the KIO on 24 February, 1994.

The 16 year-old ceasefire has not helped usher in democracy and ethnic Kachin rights, so criticism by Kachin people of the two brothers has only mounted. The criticism revolves around the duo creating personal wealth through business, given their proximity to the ruling junta. They are not for the Kachin people.

Saboi Jum was general secretary of KBC during 1993 to 2000 and Kachin Baptist followers expected him to be a saviour of the Kachin people. However he did not fulfill the Kachin people’s aspirations.

In 2007, Saboi Jum was pressured to join the signature campaign in an appeal letter to junta supremo Snr-Gen Than Shwe to halt the Irrawaddy Myitsone dam project by the Kachin Nationals Consultative Assembly. But he refused to sign.

In December, last year, Saboi Jum visited Washington D.C and suggested to U.S. officials to withdraw the economic sanctions on Burma and support the junta’s general elections in 2010.

KIO delegates led by Chairman Lanyaw Zawng Hra will meet the junta’s Northern Regional Commander Maj-Gen Soe Win today in Myitkyina but the KIO will refrain from providing the junta-demanded answer— on whether it will accept the BGF, said KIO officials.


India eyes $5.6bn Burma hydropower deal – Joseph Allchin
Democratic Voice of Burma: Thu 22 Apr 2010

India’s state-owned National Hydro Power Company Limited (NHPC) will increase its investment in Burma to the tune of an extra $US5.6 billion as Burma aggressively expands its energy sector.
The head of the NHPC, S K Garg, told the Wall Street Journal the company was “inching towards Myanmar [Burma]. We have already sent our team to Myanmar for further survey and investigation for two projects.”

Little is known of the location of the projects, but the Wall Street Journal suggests that they could be two new 510-megawatt and 520-megawatt dams.

The NHPC already has a major presence in the country, primarily at the Tamanthi dam on the Chindwin river in Burma’s northern Sagaing division. The project has a capability of providing 1200 megawatts of electricity, 80 percent of which it is believed will go straight to India.

As of 2007, according to research by the Burma Rivers Network (BRN), over 380 families had been displaced by the Tamanthi dam and none had reportedly received compensation. It is estimated that the dam will eventually displace some 30,000 people in 35 different Kuki ethnic villages.

Sai Sai from BRN said that these people have absolutely no input or “right to participate” in the decision-making process for the dam, a fact that is clearly against the first recommendation of the World Commission on Dams: “Development needs and objectives should be clearly formulated through an open and participatory process, before various project options are identified,” it says.

Added to this, the Chindwin river is the only known habitat of the Burmese Roofed Turtle, a species that will be lost forever by the construction of the dam.

The Wall Street Journal further notes that within India “progress on hydroelectric power capacity addition has been slow due to environmental concerns and issues related to resettlement of people displaced because of the construction of dams”.

This would suggest a strong incentive for India investing in Burma’s hydropower sector, given BRN’s concerns about a lack of accountability in the process.

The Tamanthi dam is being constructed by the NHPC in collaboration with Swiss company Colenco Power Engineering Ltd. According to Garg, quoted in the Indian press, the NHPC is also involved in the 642-megawatt Shwezaye dam.

BRN believes that construction of the Tamanthi dam had been suspended after it began in 2007, suggesting that renewed investment of the sort mentioned by Garg may be needed to finish it, although at present details are not available.

It is believed however that consultants had been engaged by NHPC, but their findings had not yet been put to the government in Naypyidaw.

China is without doubt the leading investor in Burma’s hydropower sector, with numerous projects on rivers across the country, many of which have attracted international controversy and condemnation.

The drying of the Mekong river is partly blamed on Chinese dam construction, whilst Kachin organisations and individuals have strongly petitioned against forthcoming dam projects on the Irrawaddy river, including the Myitsone dam.


Sanctions will force Burmese junta to negotiate – Eva Sundari
Sydney Morning Herald: Thu 22 Apr 2010

The past 20 years has seen massive foreign investments in Burma and a policy of unconditional engagement pursued by neighbouring countries, including my own, Indonesia. This practice of unprincipled engagement, which ASEAN has been guilty of, has failed to bring positive change to my Burmese neighbours who show so much courage and hope.
The benefits of foreign investment and trade have not reached the ordinary people of Burma. Instead poverty has increased and health spending has fallen, while the human rights crisis has peaked and so has sexual violence, torture and murder of women by military forces armed with newer weapons. Burma’s humanitarian crisis continues to worsen with tragic consequences. One in 10 children die before their fifth birthday, a figure that doubles in eastern Burma where the military is attacking civilians. Children are still being forcibly recruited into the armed forces despite the regime’s pledges to stop. The cost of unconditional engagement has also implicated Indonesia and ASEAN in the tragedy of the Rohingya boatpeople. There has not been one single political democratic reform, and it is unlikely that Burma’s scheduled 2010 election will bring about any significant change.

Income from foreign investment projects enables the military dictatorship to continue abusing human rights. These abuses, including slavery, torture, extrajudicial executions, rape, forced displacement have been well documented across Burma. The International Labour Organisations and International Tribunal into Crimes against Women in Burma have both named Burma’s oil and gas industry as being linked to human rights violations.

Foreign trade and investment channels money to the military, who continue their brutal repression, and to individual generals to shore up their own financial situations and security. This leaves no reason to engage with anyone who advocates for political change; foreign investment in Burma brings no one to the negotiating table.

Last year we saw Aung San Suu Kyi successfully use existing sanctions as leverage to enter into talks with Burma’s junta for the first time in nearly two years and to meet diplomats from the US, UK and Australia for the first time in six years.

Despite what has been reported in the media, Suu Kyi has not indicated any drastic change to her position on sanctions nor has she called for the lifting of existing sanctions. Not unless, of course one would think, if the regime themselves show concessions in the lifting of its arbitrary control over laws, land and citizens.

New targeted trade and investment sanctions, especially if they include Burma’s oil and gas industry, will strengthen Suu Kyi’s and Burma’s democracy movements bargaining position.

In addition to providing Suu Kyi with more leverage, new targeted trade and investment sanctions will play a role in:
  • Protecting national resources, such as oil and gas reserves, from being exploited by the military junta for their sole benefit.
  • Preventing human rights violations from occurring along project sites and by denying the military regime billions in revenues; and
  • Ensuring foreign companies are not complicit in or linked to the violation of human rights abuses in Burma.

A multilateral approach to sanctions against Burma already exists. The US, EU and Canada have adopted trade and investment sanctions and private companies and individuals have voluntarily enacted sanctions. The introduction of targeted trade and investments sanctions by individual countries would strengthen this multilateral approach. This is especially important given the direct channel of oil and gas profits into the military’s pockets, an industry that Australia’s Twinza Oil is beginning to invest in.

ASEAN has had to accept our responsibility for Burma’s crisis, because we continue to contribute to the military junta’s political and economic strength. By not using all available tools to bring about change in Burma, such as imposing targeted trade and investment sanctions, other nations are doing the same, and thus must join ASEAN in assuming blame for the situation in Burma.

Australia has a strong reputation as a defender of democracy and regional security. This reputation may be in jeopardy, should the necessary steps to stop Australian companies funding human rights abuses in Burma not be taken. This year is going to be a defining one for Burma. Let us work together to send a clear message to the military junta, ASEAN governments, the international community and to our brave neighbours, in the form of Burma’s multi-ethnic community who are united in calls for democracy, that Australia is committed to pinpointing pressure in order to bring key players to the negotiating table.

* Eva Sundari is a Member of Parliament in Indonesia and a member of Indonesia Democratic Party for Struggle (PDIP). She is ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus regional vice-president and Indonesia’s National Burma Caucus chairwoman.



Succession strategy – Ashley South
The World Today (UK): Thu 22 Apr 2010

The Burmese people are probably about to get their first chance to vote in twenty years. Things did not go well last time; the military prevented the winners taking power. Now, new groups are emerging to try to take advantage of the limited opportunities on offer.
The Burmese military government issued five laws on March 8, providing a framework for elections which are likely to be held later this year. While a number of opposition activists and politicians will boycott the polls, others are preparing to participate in the first opportunity to vote since 1990.

The elections are the brainchild of junta supremo, Senior General Than Shwe, and represent his ‘succession strategy’ – a way of easing himself out of the day-to-day running of the country, while ensuring that no single person can consolidate power, and represent a threat to his continued pre-eminence behind-the-scenes. The polls could still be cancelled, if Than Shwe and his inner grouping feel they are losing control of the process. In this scenario, the most likely pretext would be to fabricate some kind of national emergency, perhaps by provoking a resumption of conflict with armed ethnic groups, most of which have agreed ceasefires with the military government over the past twenty years.

Assuming that they do go ahead, the elections are likely to result in a consolidation and legitimisation of continued military control in Burma/Myanmar. For this reason, many opposition activists are opposed to the process. These include Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, whose National League for Democracy (NLD), won the last elections in 1990, only to be denied the opportunity of forming a government by the military. The NLD has recently announced it will not register to contest the elections.

However, some non-military-controlled actors, including groups which are outright opposed to the government, are nevertheless preparing to participate. These include representatives of Burma’s ethnic nationality – or minority – communities, which make up about a third of the population.

ANY CHANGE WILL HELP

Why are independent candidates interested in contesting the polls? Not because of any great enthusiasmfor the process, which will be tightly controlled by themilitary regime, but rather
because they see little alternative but to go along with the government’s plans, and in some cases, even glimpse a few potential opportunities. The elections are likely to result in the creation of more political space; a relative concept in such a repressive country. Certainly, they will introduce opportunities for a broader range of economic actors to make their interests felt, including many closely associated with the military.

To many activists and observers, any change is better than the status quo; constitutional
rule-of-law, however problematic, being preferable to continued rule by military fiat. Indeed, to the extent that the elections are Than Shwe’s ‘exit strategy’, many proponents of change in Burma argue that the process should be encouraged.

Most observers of the Burmese political scene are familiar with two main branches of the opposition: the urban-based, pro-democracy movement, led by Suu Kyi, who has spent most of the last two decades under house arrest; and a loose alliance of ethnicnationalist insurgents, who once operated across large swathes of the country, but in recent years have been restricted to a few jungle enclaves along the Thai border. The Burma Army continues its brutal counter-insurgency campaigns in these border areas, which have displaced hundreds of thousands of civilians.

THIRD FORCES

There are however, other important sectors of the political scene. These include armed ethnic ceasefire groups which have ended outright hostilities with the central government, and political elites who have not taken up arms, but rather seek to work for change from within military-controlledMyanmar. Among the former, probably the best prepared are Kachin nationalists, including a number of senior officials recently retired from the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) – which agreed a ceasefire in 1994 – who are preparing to compete in the polls through a new vehicle, the Kachin State Progressive Party.

This group is likely to appeal to large numbers of the Kachin population in northern Burma. However, it may yet be denied the chance, if the military government insists on trying to bring the armed wings of the KIO and other ceasefire groups under the direct control of the Burmese army, before the election. Such a development might be designed to provide a resumption of armed conflict – not just in Kachin State, but in other restive border areas.

Another interesting set of alliances is emerging in the Karen ethnic community. Two Karen parties are likely to participate in the elections, one in Karen State, adjoining Thailand, and another in the old capital of Rangoon, and further to the west, in the Irrawaddy Delta, including areas affected by
Cyclone Nargis two years ago. The latter party will attempt to appeal beyond a purely Karen constituency, to members of other ethnic groups, including Burmans, whose villages are often interspersed with those of the Karen. An important set of emergent players is associated with the ‘third force’ in Burmese politics, which is seeking to mobilise support primarily among the Burman majority.

This mostly civilian network is positioning itself as an alternative to military-backed parties, which is nevertheless independent of the NLD and its ‘politics of dissent’. After sixty years of armed ethnic conflict, the elections are a rare opportunity for ethnic nationalist and other elite groupings to outline their political objectives, and compete on the national political stage. Having said this, most ethnic parties are focusing on winning seats in provincial legislatures, rather than the two national-level assemblies. They are hoping to gain enough seats to leverage at least some concessions on the issues which have structured ethnic and state-society conflict for over half a century.

In particular, ethnic nationalist politicians hope to begin using minority languages in schools and local government departments, in areas where their populations live, and to have some say over the proceeds of natural resource extraction, and the use of government funds.

They also hope to promote the creation of greater political ‘space’, within which civil society-based approaches to community development can flourish, and provide a vehicle for long-term, bottom-up democratisation. The main risk of participation in the elections is that this will legitimise the process, and support the consolidation of militarised rule.

Those taking part may also undermine their own standing in disgruntled ethnic communities. Their attempts to promote incremental change in this way are therefore quite principled, and in many cases decidedly brave.

INTERNATIONAL AGEMDAS

Regarding the international aspect of the elections, the China angle is of considerable importance. Burma’s giant neighbour to the north is its main geo-strategic patron.
It offers cover for the generals’ misrule and human rights abuses – for example
in the United Nations Security Council – in exchange for access to the country’s natural
resources. Less influential, but still of some note, are the various Association
of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries which border Burma to the south
and east, and are looking for stability and investment opportunities.

Despite – or perhaps, even because of – the lofty rhetoric of western actors, European and North American countries have very little influence on the political situation. Regardless of whether the British or United States governments – or the European Union – like it or not, the elections
will take place, and if they do not, this will not be because of western pressure. To think otherwise is to misunderstand the nature of Burmese politics, in an era of declining western influence globally.

Those inside the country seeking to participate in the elections, are hoping to make the best of a poor set of options. They are surely better placed than exiled politicians and their sympathisers to judge the opportunities and constraints locally.

* Ashley South is an independent writer and consultant, specializing in politics and humanitarian issues in Burma/Myanmar and Southeast Asia.



Final days at NLD Party headquarters – Kyi Wai
Irrawaddy: Wed 21 Apr 2010

RANGOON—The red and white sign in front of Burma’s main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), headquarters in Rangoon will disappear in the next 15 days.As a political party, the NLD gained the support of many people from different walks of life for more than 20 years. However, the party will be dissolved in May because of its decision on March 29 not to register as a political party and compete in the election this year.

For now, the ground floor of the headquarters is as lively and busy as before. Tables are occupied by members. Some have come to the office regularly for 20 years, working without a salary. Some of the workers have been imprisoned by the regime only to return upon their release.

A skinny young man and woman said they were waiting for Phyu Phyu Thin, an NLD member who works with HIV/AIDs and TB patients, providing medicine and shelter.

An man from Arakan State who has provided money to help support political prisoners is working at one of the tables. He said the wife of a political prisoner recently asked him if the NLD would continue to provide assistance to political prisoners.

“I had to tell her that I still didn’t know, since we haven’t said anything about it yet,” said the man.

The party has contributed 5,000 to 8,000 kyat (about US $5-8) to each political prisoner every month for 10 years. Currently, there are more than 2,100 political prisoners in prisons throughout the country.

Other current party activities include cleaning water wells damaged by Cyclone Nargis in areas where people still have difficulty finding access to drinkable water. Such projects will be harder to undertake in the future, he said.

“But despite the dissolution of our party, we will continue in our struggle for democracy and there will be political activities,” he said.

In the office, members also work on such issues as how to keep office equipment, records and other assets belonging to the party. In the future, said one member, it will be difficult for a group of former members to meet together.

“Even if the NLD existed as a legal political party, we could be arrested. So, if there’s no NLD and we meet somewhere even for social purposes, do you think we can avoid being harassed? How are we going to meet?” said a member from Mandalay Division.

A MP-elect from Pegu Division in the 1990 election said military intelligence officers constantly pressured him and others to resign from the NLD, saying that they would be paid as much as 10 million kyat (about $10,000).

He said that MP-elects in Pegu Division refused the offer, saying “We won’t leave the NLD, you can jail us,” and many ended up in prison or what the regime called “government guesthouses.”

He said many MP-elects were able to focus on politics only because of the support from their family.

“My wife has taken care of my family throughout my time in politics,” he said. “She is not in favor of the NLD’s dissolution.”

MP-elect Sein Hla Oo said during the NLD meeting on March 29 that if the party was dissolved, he would feel as if half of his heart was taken away.

“I am not happy with the fact that our decision will lead to the end of our organization,” said Tin Oo, the NLD vice chairman. “On the other hand, I am proud of others and myself for making such a dignified decision.”

Quoting Aung San Suu Kyi, who said the NLD would not be destroyed even if it was dissolved, he said it would continue its activities and struggle for democracy.

Veteran NLD leader Win Tin also said that the party has a future.

“Some say the NLD may become an underground organization if it doesn’t re-register,” he said. “We will continue our activities in peaceful and non-violent ways.”

In a letter to the public, the party affirmed that under the leadership of Suu Kyi it would continue its aims and objectives.

It’s clear the party’s social work will go on.

“We have decided to offer food to monks in front of our office until May 4,” said Dr. May Win Myint, a leader of the NLD women’s wing. “We will continue to do so after that, but it may not be here.”

“We also think about the continuation of our prayer every Tuesday for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and all political prisoners,” she said.


NHPC May Build Power Projects in Myanmar – Eric Yep
Wall Street Journal: Wed 21 Apr 2010

Mumbai — India’s state-run NHPC Ltd. is considering building two hydroelectric power projects in Myanmar at an investment of 250 billion rupees ($5.6 billion) as it seeks to expand, its chairman said Wednesday.“We are inching towards Myanmar. We have already sent our team to Myanmar for further survey and investigation for two projects,” S.K. Garg told reporters on the sidelines of an industry conference.

NHPC has been looking at neighboring countries for expansion partly because of slow progress in projects in India. The company, which raised 40 billion rupees ($899 million) through its initial public offering last year, is also planning to set up power projects in Bhutan.

The hydroelectric power producer has an installed generation capacity of 5,175 megawatts, accounting for a little more than 3% of India’s total generation capacity from all fuel sources. India has an estimated hydroelectric potential of 148,701 MW, junior Power Minister Bharatsinh Solanki told Parliament in December.

However, progress on hydroelectric power capacity addition has been slow due to environmental concerns and issues related to resettlement of people displaced because of the construction of dams. Mr. Solanki said in December that 15 hydroelectric projects that could add more than 12,000 megawatt capacity were awaiting environment and forest-related approvals.

Mr. Garg said also that NHPC is looking to build a 510 MW plant and another project with a capacity of 520 MW in Myanmar. NHPC is yet to decide on whether it will tie up with any other company for the projects, he said.

The company aims to produce 18 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in the financial year that started April 1. It produced 17 billion KWh in the previous year, lower than the targeted 17.2 billion KWh, Mr. Garg said.


Junta raking candidate backgrounds – Ahunt Phone Myat
Democratic Voice of Burma: Tue 20 Apr 2010

Burmese authorities are reportedly collecting information on the backgrounds of candidates looking to contest elections this year, the head of a registered party has said.The 19 parties that have so far registered for Burma’s first elections in 20 years, rumoured to be in October, are yet to receive an approval.

But, according to Aye Lwin, chairperson of the Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics (UMFNP), one of the more prominent parties looking to run this year, the group learnt recently that checks were being carried out on the histories of party members.

“[The authorities] are officially collecting background information on about 27 or 28 [Central Executive Committee candidates],” he said. Fifteen of those belong to the UMFNP, while the rest are members of the closely-allied 88 Generation Students (Union of Myanmar), a party led by his younger brother, Ye Htun.

Aye Lwin, known to have close ties with the ruling junta, was a student activist in the 1988 uprising against military rule before switching sides and campaigning against international sanctions on Burma.

The deadline for parties to register expires in the second week of May. Ohn Lwin, communications officer for the National Political Alliances, speculated that the approvals would be given by the Election Commission (EC) once the deadline is up.

“It is likely that the [EC] is waiting until they get [applications] from everyone,” he said. “We are waiting to be informed and will not yet start our [campaign] activities, such as releasing statements; we are worried that we will be seen as crossing boundaries if we start now.”

Out of the 19 parties registered, 16 have been formed in the past few months. The majority of these are either outwardly pro-junta or part of the so-called ‘third force’ in Burmese politics that are allied to neither incumbent nor opposition.

It is unclear what role these parties will play in a post-election Burma: observers have said that the polls are little more than a show of legitimacy for the ruling junta, which will continue its hold on power under the guise of a civilian government.

One of the registered parties, the Kachin State Progressive Party, is comprised of members of three Kachin ceasefire groups, including the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO).

The KIO is now at loggerheads with the ruling junta following its refusal to transform into a Border Guard Force (BFG), and military analysts have warned that fighting may break out.

The BGF issue is seen as a means for the junta to shore up support and bolster its army size in the run-up to elections, with border units ostensibly coming under the command of Naypyidaw.


KIO holds militia courses ahead of army deadline – Phanida
Mizzima News: Tue 20 Apr 2010

Chiang Mai– Kachin Independence Organisation troops are providing military training to people from the ethnic minority after the group refused to join the Burma Army’s Border Guard Force, local residents and group officers said.This compulsory training will start today and will last 18 days. It will be attended by former Kachin Independence Army (KIA) soldiers from the KIO Third Brigade based in Mai Jayan and nearby villages, along with the persons who had already attended similar military trainings in the past.

A Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) officer said the training includes courses on self-defence, basic military tactics and small arms. “We train them how to shoot a gun, how to take cover and how to avoid being shot”, he said.

A local resident from Mai Jayan said more than 100 people were attending the courses and trainees’ were aged in their 40s to more than 50. “The training started today at the school in Mai Jayan”, he said.

Training will also be held at Inn Bapa village, where the KIA First Battalion under the command of the Third Brigade is based, 32 kilometres east of Mai Jayan. A witness said one person from each household was being collected as a trainee.

Similar short-term courses military training have been conducted in villages in Sadone Village tract, Wai Maw Township, east of Myitkyina, the capital of Kachin State.

KIO departmental staff had attended such training in Laiza in August last year.

Junta Military Affairs Security Chief Lieutenant General Ye Myint gave tomorrow as the deadline for the KIO to reply on whether it would bring its troops into line with the Border Guard Force.

According to a KIO Central Committee member, its nine-member delegation led by chairman Zau Hara will leave Laiza this evening to meet the junta’s Northern Command chief Soe Win on Thursday in Myitkyina.

The KIO’s vice-chief of staff, Major General Guan Mau, and General Secretary Dr. Laja held a debriefing on April 16 this month at Manau ground in Laiza, with 2,500 participants comprising Kachin people and staff of grass-roots groups. The group’s leaders explained its stance on the ceasefire period and the border force issue.

They said the group would reject the junta’s offer to join the force and that the group would like to join the Federal Army as Kachin Battalions, another KIO central committee member, who asked not to be named, said.

In a meeting held on April 4 at Northern Command headquarters in Myitkyina, the KIO had presented that position, but Lieutenant General Ye Myint refused the offer.

A day after the debriefing session, a series of bombs exploded at Myitsone hydropower dam project site. KIO has denied involvement.


Refugees in Burma, Malaysia and Thailand: Rescue for Rohingya – Brad Blitz
The World Today (UK): Tue 20 Apr 2010

For months monitors have reported on the crackdown against stateless Rohingya refugees in south eastern Bangladesh and allegations that the Thai Navy is pushing back boatloads of them in the Andaman Sea. As Burma, Bangladesh and Thailand all gear up for elections, these practices seem more common. One fear is that anticipated changes in Burma following polling there will send more unwanted Muslim migrants to seek refuge in neighbouring states.In March, physicians for human rights documented the effects of overcrowding, denial of access to food, health, and work among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The Thai newspaper Phuketwan reported the disappearance of boats filled with Rohingya following naval activity near Phuket and suggested they had been intercepted and set adrift by the Thai Navy. Then, CNN and other media published claims that 92 Rohingya boatpeople had been chased out of Thai waters, only to wash up in Malaysia where they were detained.

Approximately 725,000 Rohingya are concentrated in North Arakan, also known as Rakhine state, a region of Burma that borders Bangladesh. No country will accept them as citizens, and they have suffered rape, forced labour and killings. Several hundred thousand have fled to Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, and elsewhere in South Asia where they have received only very limited protection from nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Hundreds of thousands were expelled in the 1960s by the military-socialist regime of General Ne Win during the Burmese Way to Socialism nationalisation programme. Subsequent expulsions include the murderous ethnic cleansing campaign Operation Dragon King (Naga Min), which drove more than two hundred thousand Rohingya into Bangladesh in 1978, where an estimated ten thousand died from starvation and disease.

The source of the latest tragedy lies in the disenfranchisement of the Rohingya in Burma by a 1982 Citizenship Law which legalised their exclusion. Denied citizenship inside Burma, further discriminatory policies and an increasingly brutal regime, precipitated a series of refugee crises.

In 1991, the Burmese army expelled more than 250,000 Rohingya, destroying villages and buildings on its way, and forcing them into towns in southern Bangladesh, primarily around Teknaf and Cox’s Bazar. Three decades later, the Bangladeshi response has hardened with the government accused of withholding food aid, frustrating NGO access to camps, and with the exception of a small minority of Rohingya, generally refusing to recognise their rights as refugees.

THREAT OF REMOVAL

As documented by Physicians for Human Rights, thousands of Rohingya refugees are now crammed in squalid settlements and only two, Kutupalong and Nayapara in Cox’s Bazar district, have been designated by the government as official UNHCR assisted refugee camps where there is food, healthcare and education for the children. Just 29,000 of the estimated two hundred to four hundred thousand Rohingya in Bangladesh have been given refugee status. And this number of displaced people is growing as new refugee movements continue, fuelled by systematic repression in Burma.

Arriving migrants face a challenging reception in Bangladesh. Denied access to UNHCR supported refugee camps because the authorities describe them as economic migrants, new arrivals are immediately faced with the threat of removal. The government of Bangladesh has stepped up efforts to return large numbers of Rohingya to Burma after new conflicts erupted over the two countries’ 320 kilometres maritime border.

One of these conflicts was exacerbated following an agreement between the government of Burma and South Korea’s Daewoo International Corporation, which was granted oil and gas exploration rights in contested waters. Since then, increasing numbers of Rohingya living in the border area have been expelled by Bangladeshi forces.

Tensions worsened throughout 2008 and in March last year Rohingya labourers in Burma were forced to start construction of a two hundred-kilometre fence to prevent future ‘push backs’ of Rohingya into Burma.

One consequence of the tensions between Burma and Bangladesh has been the increased presence of Bangladeshi troops in the border region. Fearing arrest and abuse, thousands of Rohingya have flooded into makeshift camps, putting a strain on resources and the local community and threatening thousands with starvation.

UNWELCOME VOTERS

In addition, developments in Burma have thrown up a new wildcard: the promise of elections. In a contradictory move, Burmese authorities have permitted Rohingya non-citizens to vote in the planned elections and started issuing temporary identity cards. The prospect of thousands of Rohingya voters in Arakan is not welcome to xenophobic and parochial interests, giving rise to fears of further destablisation. Bangladesh has responded to the anticipated tensions by continuing the forced removals of Rohingya before Burmese authorities complete the fence that is intended to seal off the area.

The Thai authorities have been equally inhospitable to the arrivals of refugees from Burma and Bangladesh. In 2008, the then Prime Minster Samak Sundaravej was reported as saying that Thailand would relocate Rohingya refugees to a deserted island.

Phuketwan journalists and the Arakan Project, a Bangkok based monitoring organisation, later raised the alarm about Thai security forces’ alleged practice of detaining Rohingya refugees on the remote Ko Sai Deang, before towing them out to shark-infested waters and abandoning them. Though challenged by the Thai government, recent press reports suggest that some of these practices have continued.

While Burma remains isolated, western and donor governments should call on the governments of Bangladesh and Thailand to stop the push backs on land and at sea. All receiving states in the region should ask the UNHCR to help determine the status of migrants from Burma and ensure that their human rights are respected, including access to aid and assistance. It is time for a regional plan for the Rohingya which addresses both the geo-political and domestic sources of their persecution.

* Brad Blitz, Professor of Political Geography at Kingston University London, Director of the International Observatory on Statelessness. www.nationalityforall.org


Burma’s ‘forgotten’ Chin people suffer abuse – Sam Bagnall
BBC News: Mon 19 Apr 2010

With elections being held in Burma later this year the country’s “forgotten people” are appealing to the rest of the world for help.The Chin people, who number roughly 1.5m and live mainly in the hilly west of the country near the Indian border, are one of the most persecuted minority groups in Burma.

Yet their plight is little known in the rest of the world.

Filming for the series Tropic of Cancer, presenter Simon Reeve and a two-man BBC crew managed to visit the area.

Risking capture and arrest at the hands of the Burmese army, who have around 50 bases in Chin State, they trekked through the jungle to a remote village.

“It was an extraordinary journey,” said Reeve. “The villagers I met gave me horrifying accounts of the abuses they suffer at the hands of Burmese troops.”

These stories appear to confirm recent research by US organisation Human Rights Watch.

After interviewing Chin refugees in neighbouring India their report concluded that the Chin are subjected to forced labour, torture, rape, arbitrary arrest and extra-judicial killings as part of a Burmese government policy to suppress the Chin people and their ethnic identity.

The BBC team was taken into Burma by Chin human rights activist Cheery Zahau.

Despite being on a Burmese army wanted list, Ms Zahau was prepared to run the risk of working with the BBC, which, like other western media organisations, is banned from entering Burma.

“If we don’t speak up, if we don’t tell the stories of the people under this repressive military regime, then no-one will know what’s happening, and if they don’t know they will not do anything,” she said.

Christian persecution

The Chin are mainly Christians, having converted to the faith when the British ruled the area before independence after World War II.

The persecution of the Chin dates back to the military takeover of Burma in the 1960s.

According to the US State Department, Burmese troops and officials have tried to forcibly convert the Chin from Christianity to Buddhism.

They have also destroyed churches, and arrested and even killed Christian Chin clergy, who now often work undercover.

The Chin also suffer from acute food shortages.

The United Nation’s World Food Programme believes that food consumption in Chin State is the lowest in Burma. In recent years food shortages have been further exacerbated by a plague of rats, which have devastated Chin crops.

There is little in the way of medical facilities in Chin State. The villagers said that they had not seen a doctor for 10 years.

The Christian NGO Free Burma Rangers is one of the few sources of medical aid.

They give training to local volunteers who take basic drugs and medical equipment to the remote villages. The danger of running into a Burmese army patrol is ever present.

“If they catch us they will kill us,” one volunteer inside Burma said.

In the neighbouring Indian state of Mizoram, Chin refugees receive little help from the Indian authorities or aid agencies.

Instead they face discrimination and hostility, and are often forcibly repatriated to Burma.

“The Chin are unsafe in Burma and unprotected in India, but just because these abuses happen far from Delhi and Rangoon does not mean the Chin should remain ‘forgotten people’,” said Human Rights Watch in its report.

Burmese refugees from other persecuted ethnic groups who can flee from the south and east of the country into neighbouring Thailand receive international help and assistance.

Human Rights Watch has called for better treatment for the Chin and for Chin refugees who arrive in India.
Map

Burma’s military rulers intend to hold an election later this year, but most opposition leaders are banned from taking part.

The most famous is Aun Sang Suu Kyi, whose National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory in the elections of 1990.

Burma’s military leaders refused to accept the results and she has spent most of the last two decades in detention. The NLD says it will boycott these elections.

Amnesty International has warned that ethnic groups, like the Chin, face increased repression at the hands of the Burmese military.

The Burmese regime has previously denied repressing ethnic groups.


Leading parties stay away from election – Ko Htwe
Irrawaddy: Mon 19 Apr 2010

Nineteen political parties to date have submitted applications to the Union Election Commission to take part in the Burmese general election later this year. However, most of the leading parties from the previous election, in 1990, have said they will not compete.Of the 19 political parties that have registered, 16 are new parties, while only three are existing parties—the Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO); the National Unity Party (NUP); and the Union Karen League (UKL).
Members of the National League for Democracy wave in the direction of the home of Aung San Suu Kyi on the banks of Inya Lake in Rangoon on April 17. According to tradition, on the first day of Burmese New Year, activists of NLD release fish into the lake and pray for the freedom of Suu Kyi who has been in detention without trial for more than 15 of the past 21 years. (Photo: Reuters)

The seven other existing parties—including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD)— have either not registered to date or have announced that they will not compete in the election due to the recent election law and the 2008 Constitution, both of which are regarded by observers as serving only to entrench military rule in Burma.

The notable exception is the NUP, formerly known as the Burma Socialist Programme Party, led by late dictator Gen Ne Win. In the 1990 election, the NUP came fourth with 10 seats and to date is the only major party to register.

In 1990, the MKNSO won one seat; the UKL won none.

The leading parties ahead of the NUP in 1990 were the NLD with a landslide 392 seats, the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) with 23 seats, and the Arakan League for Democracy (ALD), which won 11 seats. None are expected to register before the deadline on May 6.

Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Monday, Aye Thar Aung, the secretary of the ALD, said, “Most of the existing parties have not registered because they cannot accept the 2008 Constitution. The election will go ahead, I’m sure, but I don’t think it will be free, fair and inclusive.”

Aung Naing Oo, a Burmese political commentator living in exile, said that the existing political parties did not register with the Election Commission because most are allied with the NLD. Some parties, such as the SNLD, have had their leader arrested and so will not compete. Others believe the election will not be free and fair, he said.

“The parties that have registered to date are not allied with the NLD,” he added.

Of the 16 newly formed parties that have applied for registration, seven are ethnic minority-based parties: the Kachin State Progressive Party, led by Dr. Tu Ja; the Kayin People’s Party, which is headed by well-known Rangoon physician Dr. Simon Tha; the Shan Nationals Democratic Party, led by Sai Ai Pao Eik Paung; the Pa-O National Organization, led by Aung Kham Hti, a former monk and a politician who had a close relationship with former premier Gen Khin Nyunt; the Chin National Party; the Wa Democratic Party; and the Taaung (Palaung) National Party.

Rangoon-based parties to register include: the Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics, headed by Aye Lwin, a former university student leader who took part in the 1988 uprising; and the 88 Generation Students Union of Myanmar (GSUM)?, led by Ye Htun, the brother of Aye Lwin.

The GSUM is distinct from the original 88 Students Generation group, led by prominent former students—including Min Ko Naing and Ko Ko Gyi—who are now in prison.

Aye Lwin, a 46-year-old former political prisoner, started his own political group in 2005. His close contacts with regime officials (he had a meeting with Rangoon’s mayor, Maj-Gen Aung Thein Lin, five months ago) have made him unpopular with young activists, who accuse him of accepting substantial financial support from them.

The remaining registered parties include the Democratic Party, which is led by Thu Wai, a former political prisoner. After the 1990 election, the Democratic Party was abolished.

Also registered are: the Union Democratic Party, headed by Shan leader Shwe Ohn; the Difference and Peace Party, led by Nyo Min Lwin; the New Era People Party, which is led by Tun Aung Kyaw; the National Political Alliance Party, led by Ohn Lwin; the Wunthanu NLD (the Union of Myanmar) party; and the Myanmar New Society Democratic Party.


Ethnic group in Myanmar gears up for war, peace – Tini Tran
Associated Press: Mon 19 Apr 2010

Laiza, Myanmar – Crawling on their bellies, the recruits inch through a field, dragging wooden rifles. A whistle blows, and they scramble to their knees, pulling the pins from imaginary grenades before lobbing them. Dropping flat, they yell “Boom!”At a camp alongside a river, the next generation of soldiers in the Kachin Independence Army, one of Myanmar’s largest armed ethnic groups, is training with a new urgency. A cease-fire is in peril, and the Kachin do not want to patrol the border for the ruling junta.

“I don’t want to kill anyone but being a soldier is the best way to change the conditions in Burma,” said 23-year-old cadet La Ran, who joined four months ago. “I am ready to fight if I have to.”

The possibility of armed conflict in Myanmar, also known as Burma, is rising because a series of cease-fire agreements between the military government and more than a dozen armed ethnic groups are dissolving as the regime seeks to press those groups into becoming a border militia under government control.

The government has set a deadline of April 28 for the armed groups to merge or disarm as the junta tightens its grip on the country ahead of this year’s nationwide elections the first in two decades. Their demands have largely been met with resistance during negotiations over the past year with the country’s largest armed ethnic groups, including the 8,000-member Kachin army.

Myanmar’s government, run by ethnic Burmese who make up the majority, is well known for repressing its own people. Considered among the world’s most brutal, the regime brooks no dissent and has been accused of large-scale violations of human rights, including the yearslong detention of Nobel Peace laureate and democracy icon, Aung San Suu Kyi.

In the country’s hinterlands home to a variety of ethnic minority groups the junta has also faced bitter opposition from the Wa, the Shan, the Karen and the Kachin, who are united in their resentment against historical domination by the Burmese. The Karen and the Shan, who have refused to sign truces, are engaged in intense fighting with government troops.

These groups control large territories along the northern and eastern borders along with the valuable trade in logging, jade, gems, gold, and, in some cases, illegal drugs, that have helped finance their insurgencies.

The Kachin, predominantly Christian hill tribes in the northernmost part of Myanmar, have been engaged in a decades-long struggle against the government for autonomy.

Since a cease-fire was signed in 1994, they have enjoyed de-facto self-rule: In the rebel-controlled area, the Kachin army powers the electric grid and runs hospitals while soldiers in green uniforms adorned with the Kachin flag monitor both the border with China and the frontier with government-controlled Myanmar.

But Kachin leaders are still hoping for a permanent solution. In the interim, they have rebuilt their army and their strength.

Over the weekend, the Kachin army and its political arm, the Kachin Independence Organization, adamantly rejected the government’s border guard proposal at a mass public meeting held in the small town of Laiza, a rebel stronghold near the Chinese border.

“From the very beginning, the public didn’t want the KIA to join the (border guard force),” said Gen. S. Gun Maw, vice chief of staff for the rebels, citing letters from thousands of people opposing the idea. “If they (the government) take the military way, it will be a big mistake for them.”

Pulling up in trucks, motorbikes, buses and cars, more than 1,000 Kachin many dressed in traditional headscarves and sarong-like longyi packed into a large assembly hall. An overflow crowd watched intently on television monitors set up in a second room.

>From the start, the rebel leaders were careful to say their stand reflects the views of the majority of Kachin people, estimated at 1 million in Myanmar. Many in the audience nodded in agreement as their leaders outlined the political stalemate after more than a dozen talks with government leaders over the past 12 months.

“We’ve had the cease-fire for more than 10 years now. It’s a friendly peaceful society now, and I want to keep this. But (the government) violates our rights and takes our land,” said Zing Hang Khawn Hpang, 45, a local trader who attended the weekend meeting.

The gathering was also intended to make a rare appeal for international attention and a small group of foreign journalists, including The Associated Press, were invited to attend. The remote and mountainous Kachin region has largely been off-limits to foreigners for years.

“Not many outsiders know very well what’s happening in Burma and our region … We hope that if they know, if they understand the situation in our region, they may be able to find a way to help us,” Gun Maw said.

In Laiza, a border town of 10,000 nestled in a valley between green hills, the standard of living is better than in other impoverished areas of Myanmar.

Control over two small hydroelectric dams, built with Chinese help, provide the area with 24-hour electricity by comparison, residents in the largest Burmese city, Yangon, only get a few hours of power every third day. Chinese telecommunications towers just over the border ensure steady cell phone service, while brisk commercial trade means a steady supply of Chinese goods, clothing and motorbikes displayed in storefronts on the main boulevard.

On the streets, people talk openly about politics another marked difference from the tightly controlled regions of government-run Myanmar.

The stability has allowed Christianity, brought by missionaries in the 1800s, to flourish a rare display in an otherwise heavily Buddhist nation.

Standing outside the doors of the white-tiled Laiza Kachin Baptist Church, resident Dau Lum, 36, expressed faith that a political compromise can be reached before fighting erupts.

“I try not to worry too much because the world is watching Burma so the Burmese government doesn’t want to start the fight. Even if conflict happens, it will not be like those in the past. I believe that God will guide us to a good future,” he said.

Though Kachin leaders are still pushing for a political solution that includes protection of ethnic rights and government-recognized self-rule, their commanders are preparing for the worst. From the Kachin army’s headquarters, perched high up on the mountainside overlooking the town, they have launched a new push for training and recruitment.

More ominously, the Burmese side has also stepped up its military activities. Kachin residents report army convoys rumbling through the northern countryside in recent weeks near the regional capital of Myitkyina, which is under government control.

But any fighting in northern Myanmar would surely provoke China, the junta’s biggest political ally, which has warned the Burmese government to guard against instability on its borders. Last summer, heavy fighting between troops and the Kokang ethnic group sent some 30,000 refugees across the border into China, prompting a rare reprimand from Beijing.

The Chinese leadership is in a bind, caught between its dislike of border instability and its access to the oil, natural gas, and timber that the junta provides. That makes it hard to divine how deeply Beijing will involve itself.

“We know the Chinese government has influence over the (Burmese government). We want them to use this to make change in Burma, but we’re not sure whether the Chinese government will,” said the Kachin army’s Gun Maw.

Lamai Tang Gun, 59, a Baptist pastor from Myitkyina, notes the Kachin have lived with an uneasy peace for decades: “They (the junta) are always threatening us. We can’t tell if there’s a possibility of fighting. We can only pray to God.”


BGF impasse explained to people by Kachin leaders
Kachin News Group: Fri 16 Apr 2010

Ethnic Kachin leaders in northern Burma today took pains to explain to the people the impasse on the Border Guard Force (BGF) issue with the country’s ruling junta. The public meeting comes before the crucial junta-set deadline of April 22 for transforming the Kachin armed forces.
The public meeting was organized in Laiza, the headquarters of the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) in east Kachin State, near the China border. Over 2400 KIO members and members of the public from two states—Kachin and Shan were the audience. Two senior KIO officers took on the onerous task of explaining to the people, said participants.

Dr. Lahkyen La Ja, KIO general secretary detailed all the discussions with the junta on transforming the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the armed-wing of the KIO to the junta-proposed BGF.

According to Dr. La Ja, the two sides met 15 times on the contentious BGF issue in Myitkyina, the capital of Kachin State since April 28, last year. The issue could not be negotiated because the junta kept pressing the KIA to transform to BGF.

He quoted Burmese military officials as saying that the BGF proposal was the brainchild of junta supremo Snr-Gen Than Shwe and is a goodwill gesture by the military leader.

Brig-Gen Sumlut Gun Maw, Vice Chief of Staff of KIA said that the KIO was told to come up with a clear response on the BGF regarding acceptance by Lt-Gen Ye Myint, Chief of the junta’s Military Affairs Security (MAS) when the KIO delegates met him in Myitkyina on April 4.

In the last meeting, Lt-Gen Ye Myint made it abundantly clear that the KIO has to provide a clear answer on the BGF issue on April 22. Following, which the armed-wing must be transformed within two weeks from April 28, said Brig-Gen Gun Maw.

Lt-Gen Ye Myint also cautioned about the cancellation of the ceasefire agreement saying “If the KIO does not abide by the latest instructions, the relations will revert to the period before the 1994 ceasefire agreement,” the KIA’s Vice Chief of Staff added.

Meanwhile, the latest KIO proposal was sent to Snr-Gen Than Shwe yesterday.

The proposal states that the KIO would like to resolve the BGF issue by peaceful alternative means, not militarily. It wants to convert the KIA to the Union Defence Force under the Burmese Army, maintaining its current status, said Dr. La Ja.

The KIO reiterated to the junta that it would like to convert the KIA after the political imbroglio is resolved through dialogue.

The KIO delegates will meet Burmese military officials again on April 22 and it is expected to explain its latest proposal instead of coming up with a clear response on the BGF issue as sought by the junta, said KIO officials in Laiza.

Till now, there is no sign of impending civil war between the KIO and the ruling junta, said local military observers.


Elections without rights
Asian Human Rights Commission: Thu 15 Apr 2010

The government of Burma has set down conditions for the forming of political parties that would have people associate in order to participate in anticipated elections, but nowhere is the right to associate guaranteed. While parties are required to have at least a thousand members to enlist for the national election–500 for regional assemblies–a host of extant security laws circumscribe how, when and in what numbers persons can associate. The allowance of association without the right to associate is manifest in the Political Parties Registration Law 2010, which contains references to some preexisting laws that prohibit free association. According to section 12, as translated by the Asian Human Rights Commission,

“A party that infringes any of the following will cease to have authorization to be a political party: … (3) Direct or indirect communication with, or support for, armed insurgent organisations and individuals opposing the state; or organisations and individuals that the state has designated as having committed terrorist acts; or associations that have been declared unlawful; or these organisations’ members.”

As in present-day Burma–or Myanmar as it is now officially known–anybody can be found guilty of having supported insurgents, of having been involved in terrorist acts, and above all, of having contacted unlawful associations, the law effectively allows the authorities to de-register any political party at any time.

The case of U Myint Aye is indicative. For founding a local group of human rights defenders and speaking on overseas radio broadcasts about what he saw after Cyclone Nargis, Myint Aye was arrested and accused of a fabricated bombing plot. The military tried and convicted him and two other accused in a press conference during September 2008; in November a court followed suit, handing down a sentence of life imprisonment (AHRC-UAU-018-2009).

More recently, the AHRC has issued appeals on evidence-free cases in which people have been tried and convicted to long terms of imprisonment for having allegedly had contact with unlawful groups outside the country. These include the case of Dr. Wint Thu and eight others in Mandalay (AHRC-UAC-011-2010), and the case of Myint Myint San and two others in Rangoon who were convicted for allegedly receiving money from abroad that was for the welfare of families with imprisoned relatives (AHRC-UAC-137-2009).

The new party registration law is hostile to democratic government because it envisages the arbitrary use of draconian provisions to prevent people from associating freely. It is a law to ensure that only persons and parties palatable to the military regime will be able to run for and obtain office.

But it also points to a far deeper problem. The very concept of a right, in terms of international standards, is neither recognized nor understood by the government of Burma. That the right to associate does not exist is not merely a consequence of a law designed to deny it. It is a consequence of a political and legal regime that does not contain rights within its conceptual framework at all.

This was not always the case. In 1950s Burma, rights were a central part of how national leaders sought to shape government and society. The courts also strongly supported citizens’ rights against the state through a robust constitutional framework. But after the military took full power in a second coup, during 1962, rights became “socialist”.

According to this notion of rights, the interests of the people and the state were aligned against the capitalists. Under “socialist rights” the very idea that a citizen might have a right to claim against the state was absurd. Individual agents of the state could violate citizens’ rights, but the state itself could never do wrong. The right to associate in this time was therefore always a “right” to associate with and through the organs of the state, not apart from them.

After 1988 the socialist concept of rights also ceased to exist, but it was not replaced with anything else. The new state in Burma was right-less, constitution-less, and also law-less in the sense that all laws in the last two decades have been issued as executive decrees rather than through any legislative process. Anything described as a right in this time has in the official view been no more than an entitlement bestowed upon all or part of the population, even if it may be described otherwise.

The 2008 Constitution has confirmed the absence of rights from the normative frame of the new state. At every point it negates and qualifies so-called statements of rights, including the right to associate. Under section 354, citizens have a “right” to form associations that do not contravene statutory law on national security and public morality: which as shown above can be construed to mean literally anything.

The military regime in Burma evidently expects the new constitution and new elections together to be taken as indicators of social and political change. But the passing of a constitution does not signify that rights exist, and nor does the holding of elections signify democratic renewal.

After 52 years of almost unbroken army rule, Burma is today not only without a judiciary, but also without the conceptual frame of rights that are requisite for a fair electoral process. Lacking these, what remains can only be characterized as the politics of despair.


Burmese music: Sound of the underground
The Independent (UK): Wed 14 Apr 2010

When the junta banned traditional protest songs, its leading exponents chose a life of exile rather than fall silent. Andrew Buncombe meets them in Delhi.First comes the sound of hand drums, followed by a voice that is steady and persistent. As Ngwe Toe leans back and angles his words towards the microphone, his lines are met by a chanting group which takes up his theme and sings back at him, as a call and response.

“The religion in our country,” sings Toe, as the group answers for him, “is Theravada Buddhism”. The activist continues: “The colour saffron is growing everywhere.”

The group responds: “The monks are very graceful, but now their power has been drained. They are hiding in the remote areas.”

As the drums continue in a dreamy loop, Toe implores: “Tell me why.” The chanters tell him: “The military devil is rising up.”

This is a traditional Burmese protest song with a modern twist. For generations, the people of Burma marked their new year by performing Thangyat – songs and skits that gave voice to local grievances.

In 1988, the year in which the military authorities violently crushed a series of democracy demonstrations with the death of at least 3,000 people, the junta decided it had endured enough protest and banned the tradition, threatening jail for anyone who dared to disobey.

But the generals could not stop Thangyat, merely drive it overseas. Now, communities of exiled Burmese around the world put together their own collections of protest songs, which are sold on CDs and even broadcast back into Burma where residents listen secretly on their radios.

One of the most famous and popular groups, of which Ngwe Toe is a member, is based in the west of Delhi. Ahead of the traditional four-day new year celebrations, or water festival, which begins today, the activists recorded and released a new collection of songs, music and poetry entitled Gaining Victory for Us and Defeat for Them.

“During the festival, it is a tradition that if there is something the people do not like, it will be criticised – be it politics, social affairs or food,” said Zin Naing, who escaped to India from Burma after the 1988 uprising and who helped produce the recording.

“Now, inside Burma, Thangyat is not allowed, so ours has become one of the only ones that people can get. We produce it on CD as well as cassettes, which are smuggled into Burma.”

There are an estimated 6,000 Burmese exiles in Delhi, most of them from Chin state, on India’s north-eastern border. Many of them took part in the 1988 uprisings and came to India, which at the time was critical of the military authorities and welcomed the refugees. Most have never dared to even visit their home country since.

Ngwe Toe, the 40-year-old lead singer, fled when he was just 19, leaving behind all his relatives. His father died in 2003, but he dreams of returning to the country with his wife and young son, and of being able to show his child to his mother.

In the meantime, he takes some measure of comfort from imagining his family furtively listening to the songs of protest that he and his friends have recorded. “It’s like a rap,” he said. “I say the first line and then the others respond with the second. It’s a call and response, and when I am singing, I am shouting these slogans with emotion. I am very focused on the song. I would be happy if my mother hears it, and would then be able to give the message that her son is involved in the politics.”

The lyrics for the song performed by Ngwe Toe were written by a Buddhist monk, forced to escape to India after taking part in the so-called Saffron Revolution of September 2007, when tens of thousands of monks and citizens took to the streets of Rangoon and other major cities, demanding democratic reforms.

The monk, U Dhamma, a smiling, round-faced 23-year-old, fled after he and several other monks from his monastery joined the demonstrations in the northern city of Mandalay. “I took part in the marches. I thought there would be a revolution. I believed in democratic rule for Burma,” said the monk, who crossed into north-eastern India in January 2008 and now lives in the same dusty Delhi neighbourhood as many other exiles. “After the marches, I stayed at the monastery for some months, but then a minister came to give food. We were very angry and refused to accept this. The minister put pressure on the abbot to expel us, and the next day our names were put in the newspaper, saying that we were to be expelled. We had no chance to stay in Burma.”

Those who wrote the collection of protest songs have had no shortage of material to inspire them over the past 12 months. Last year, the junta extended the house arrest of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi for 18 months, after she was convicted of breaching the terms of her detention when an uninvited US tourist swam to her lakeside home.

Then, last month, the regime announced new rules governing the controversial election due to be held later this year. The rules effectively bar Ms Suu Kyi from standing and say that her party, the National League for Democracy, (NLD), would have to oust her if it wished to field candidates. The NLD has announced it is boycotting the election.

It is not just the junta that comes in for criticism in the Thangyat. While the songs indeed condemn the regime’s alleged nuclear ambitions, the election and the country’s poverty, the NLD and even politicians in exile are also subjects of satire.

Such humour has long been a tradition of subtle dissent in Burma. One of the country’s best-known comics, Zarganar, spent many years making barbed puns about the regime. Eventually, in 2008, the junta ran out of patience with him and seized on an interview he had given to the BBC criticising the authorities’ response of the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis. He was jailed for 59 years, a sentence reduced to 35 on appeal.

Likewise, in Mandalay, members of a famous comic troupe known as the Moustache Brothers have been in and out of jail as a result of their performances making fun of the junta.

The Burmese exiles who put together the protest album remain confident that change can come. The song performed by Ngwe Toe says the monks will lead the transformation.

Its last lines, sung as call-and-response, conclude: “If the monks unite – the military becomes afraid. If the monks unite – the religion will be glowing. If the monks take to the front lines – we will escape from poverty. If the monks speak the truth – they will speak to the whole world.”


The UN singles out big oil in Burma, with good reason – Matthew Smith
Huffington Post (US): Tue 13 Apr 2010

In a surprising report last month to the UN Human Rights Council, UN Special Rapporteur (UNSR) on human rights Tomás Quintana recommended an official “commission of inquiry” into possible crimes against humanity and war crimes in military-ruled Burma (Myanmar).Although the call for such a commission was widely covered in media and policy circles, a critical section of the report went completely overlooked and unreported: Quintana actually became the first UNSR to take specific aim at the ruling State Peace and Development Council’s corporate partners, singling out problematic foreign oil companies operating in the country.

Coming after a 5-day mission to Burma, the report pulls no punches. It notes “rampant forced labor” connected to the country’s four main natural gas projects, including the transnational Yadana gas pipeline to Thailand and the Shwe gas pipeline to China.

Confirming what’s long been documented, the report notes the Yadana and Shwe companies “rely on the Myanmar military to provide security for their projects.”

Mentioning by name only South Korea’s Daewoo International and Thailand’s PTTEP, Quintana in effect implicated a who’s who of Big Oil: The Yadana project, meaning “treasure,” is operated by Total (France), Chevron (US), and PTTEP; and Shwe, meaning “gold,” is operated by Daewoo International, state-owned companies from India and South Korea, and the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

While this is the UNSR’s first mention of the human rights impacts of foreign-led energy projects in Burma, at EarthRights International (ERI), we’ve documented for years how overland gas pipelines and other billion-dollar installations in the country are physically secured by the Tatmadaw — the Burmese Army — resulting in forced labor, killings in cold blood, rape, torture, and other abuses against local residents.

The Tatmadaw is a decentralized, complicated organization of hundreds of thousands of poor, uneducated, predominantly ethnic Burman soldiers. It’s the most powerful political actor in the ethnically diverse country, and the most brutal. It also happens to include thousands of impressionable children, forced from their families, trained to be soldiers, and taught in the way of indiscriminate violence.

In 2009, one former child soldier explained to ERI how he was taken by the Tatmadaw from his family at age 15, and how his craven superiors ruthlessly burned the feet of children who tried to escape their clutches. This particular soldier “graduated” to provide security for Total and Chevron’s pipeline, where he in turn conscripted local villagers for forced labor.

For years, Total and Chevron’s pipeline has resulted in abuses like this: forced labor, killings, rape, torture. In recent weeks we documented two extrajudicial killings and numerous instances of forced labor committed by battalion #282, known locally as “Total’s battalion,” a notorious regiment that’s been securing the project since the 1990s.

This is a grave problem. The burgeoning and controversial corporate social responsibility agenda hasn’t effectively addressed it, regardless of what some companies and analysts claim, and victims of corporate human rights abuses still lack access to justice, despite lawsuits brought by Burmese villagers against Total and Unocal (now Chevron) in the companies’ home states.

What’s more, there’s another batch of problems with Burma’s gas sector. These involve cold hard cash, and were also noted by Quintana: For years, lucrative gas exports have lined the camouflaged pockets of the ruling military regime while the ailing country has sunk deeper into poverty. That’s inherently problematic. In 2009, ERI calculated how Total and Chevron’s pipeline generated over US$7.5 billion dollars from 2000-2008, the lion’s share going to the ruling junta.

This cash influx has only complicated the already deep military-politico complex in the country, not least of all by contributing to high-level corruption. Last September, we exposed how gas revenues from Total and Chevron’s pipeline were being siphoned by the Burmese elite into offshore bank accounts in Singapore, rather than to the national economy or development.

Now, the same junta managing this cash is orchestrating the country’s first elections in 20 years, controversially excluding over 2,100 political prisoners (by virtue of keeping them behind bars), including Nobel laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, whose National League for Democracy party just recently decided to boycott the elections.

In this context, the decision was made by the junta and its partners to simultaneously move forward with the construction of yet another pipeline: the Shwe gas pipeline to China, operated by Daewoo and CNPC. Costing nearly US$2 billion to construct, it’ll be almost 20 times longer than Yadana, moving gas valued at a whopping US$30 billion, according to the Shwe Gas Movement.

The pipeline comes amidst a palpable threat of civil war between the Tatmadaw and non-state ethnic armies near the northern end of the project, in Shan State, where there’s a danger of thousands of refugee out-flows to China.

Villagers in some areas of the project aren’t thinking about elections as much as the risk they’ll lose their land and have to do forced labor. Where construction has already begun, so too have land confiscations and persecutions against the pipeline’s dissenters.

In a politically unstable “election year,” when the world’s attention will focus on Burma, one would think that risky transnational mega-development projects would be approached with caution, by both the junta and its corporate partners.

Apparently, that’s not the case.

Rather than move full speed ahead, Daewoo International, its partners, and CNPC should instead listen to the Shwe Gas Movement and EarthRights International: the companies should postpone the Shwe pipeline and any work on offshore installations until there’s no risk the project will contribute to human rights violations — that would be good business. In the meantime, the companies should promote public participation in development decisions; conduct transparent, inclusive third-party environmental and human rights impact assessments according to international standards; and practice complete revenue transparency, including publishing taxes, fees, royalties, bonuses, and social benefits paid to the Burmese authorities.

For companies who’ve ignored the risks and already made the mistake of being involved in a fully operational oil and gas project in Burma — like Total, Chevron, and PTTEP — they ought to take immediate steps to mitigate their harmful impacts. At a bare minimum, they should:
  1. Practice complete revenue transparency.
  2. Facilitate complaints of forced labor to the International Labour Organization.
  3. Acknowledge an accurate sphere-of-responsibility, determined by actual social and political impacts, and take steps to mitigate the local harms caused by Tatmadaw forces securing the project.
  4. Commission ongoing human rights and environmental impact assessments according to international standards, including the safe participation of local communities.

 



Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis in Bangladesh – Dr. Habib Siddiqui and Dr. Nora Rowley
Kaladan Press: Tue 13 Apr 2010

When a widely circulated newspaper like the New York Times picks up the matter of ill-treatment of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, it is no small matter. It is a matter of grievous concern and shame to tens of thousands of Bangladeshi-Americans who live in and around the Big Apple state. In its February 20 publication the headline read, “Burmese Refugees Persecuted in Bangladesh.” It said, “Stateless refugees from Myanmar are suffering beatings and deportation in Bangladesh, according to aid workers and rights groups who say thousands are crowding into a squalid camp where they face starvation and disease.” It described the situation as a humanitarian crisis.The NY Times report should come as no surprise to many of us who have been following the inhuman condition of the Rohingyas around the world for a number of years. In its Special Report, dated February 18, “Bangladesh: Violent Crackdown Fuels Humanitarian Crisis for Unrecognized Rohingya Refugees,” the Doctors Without Borders (MSF) criticized the Bangladesh government for violent crackdown against the stateless Rohingyas in Bangladesh. It was a chastising report in which the MSF called for an immediate end to the violence, along with urgent measures by the Government of Bangladesh and the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to increase protection to Rohingya refugees seeking asylum in the country.

Last month the Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) issued an emergency report, “Stateless and Starving: Persecuted Rohingya Flee Burma and Starve in Bangladesh”. This report reveals a PHR emergency assessment of 18.3% acute malnutrition in children. This level of child malnutrition is “considered “critical” by the World Health Organization (WHO), which recommends in such crises that adequate food aid be delivered to the entire population to avoid high numbers of preventable deaths.” The extreme food insecurity causing this critical level of malnutrition is the direct consequence of Bangladesh government authorities’ restricting movement and, therefore, income generation of the Rohingya, and actively obstructing the amount of international humanitarian aid to this population.

Last week, the American Muslim Taskforce (AMT), an umbrella organization that includes the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) and the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA), amongst other Muslim organizations in the USA, hosted a press conference in the National Press Club, Washington D.C. to discuss human rights abuses in Bangladesh. In his inaugural statement, Mr. Wright Mahdi Bray of the AMT brought up the squalid living conditions of the Rohingya refugees inside Bangladesh. In the last few years we have raised the Rohingya issue a few times with Bangladesh government, but have failed to improve the deplorable condition.

Denied citizenship rights and subjected to repeated abuse and forced slave labor in their ancestral homes in the Arakan/Rakhine state of Burma by a xenophobic Buddhist government, where they cannot travel, marry or practice their religion freely, and betrayed and battered by their Magh Rakhine co-residents, many Rohingya Muslims have hardly any option left for them to survive with dignity other than seeking refuge outside. The neighboring Bangladesh to the north-west with her huge Muslim population and historical ties with Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar, dating back centuries earlier during the Arakanese rule of those districts (1538-1666), provides a natural setting for seeking shelter. Thus, when the Burmese genocidal campaigns – Naga Min ( King Dragon) Operation (1978-79) and Pyi Thaya Operation (1991-92) – forced eviction of some 300,000 and 268,000 Rohingya refugees, respectively, to seek shelter outside it was Bangladesh where they ended up.

With the assistance of the UNHCR, Bangladesh repatriated most of those refugees back to Arakan. Still, however, tens of thousands of Rohingyas never returned, especially from the second batch of major exodus in 1991-92. The on-going Nasaka operation and targeted violence by the Rakhine Maghs inside the Rakhine state have also forced many Rohingyas to leave their ancestral land and return again to Bangladesh. Many of those refugees have often used Bangladesh as a transit point to seek better shelters elsewhere. Many of the Rohingyas have ended up in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states, and also in Pakistan.

As noted recently by Syed Neaz Ahmad in a New Age article, the late King Faisal’s kind gesture to offer the fleeing Rohingyas a permanent abode in Saudi Arabia is no longer respected by the new rulers who have restricted their employment and movement within the Kingdom. According to him some three thousand Rohingya families are in Makkah and Jeddah prisons awaiting their deportation. It is good to hear that the Pakistan government has agreed to take these unwanted refugees. (Islamabad can also do a noble job, albeit a delayed one for the past four decades, in taking some 300,000 stranded Pakistanis – living a miserable life in camps in Bangladesh.)

There are some 13,600 Rohingyas registered with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Malaysia, an estimated 3,000 in Thailand, and unknown numbers in India. Small number of Rohingya refugees also lives in Japan, Australia and the USA. The total number of Rohingya refugees living inside Bangladesh today is not known. The UNHCR stopped documenting the Rohingyas after 1991 as they shifted their focus to Africa and Eastern Europe. From my contacts within the Rohingya leadership, the estimate is around 400,000. Of these refugees, only 28,000 are recognized as prima facie refugees by the Government of Bangladesh and live in official camps under the supervision of the UNHCR. The official camp has everything: primary schools, a computer learning centre funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, health care centers, adult literacy centers, supplementary food centers for children and pregnant women.

Except a handful of wealthy Rohingyas who have been able to settle comfortably within the big cities, the rest of the refugees struggle to survive unrecognized and largely unassisted and unprotected, living in dire humanitarian condition with food insecurity, poor water and appalling sanitation. They live mostly in and around Cox’s Bazar and the Hilly districts of Chittagong. Some of the unfortunate refugees have also ended up living in slums of big cities like Dhaka and Chittagong. As reported by the MSF and the Amnesty International, these Rohingya refugees are treated as unwanted folks and have faced repeated beatings and harassment, including forcible repatriation to Myanmar. Many refugees, who had been repatriated to their country in the past, had entered Bangladesh again as they did not find any development and change in the attitude of the Myanmar authorities.

Some Rohingya refugees live at a makeshift camp in Kutupalong, south of Cox’s Bazar. Last June and July the local authorities destroyed 259 homes in that makeshift camp to clear space around the perimeter of the official UNHCR camp at Kutupalong. There was a crackdown in October in Bandarban District, east of Cox’s Bazar, forcing many Rohigyas to take shelter in the makeshift camp in Kutupalong. In January 2010, another crackdown followed the refugees living in Cox’s Bazar District. To add to the brutality of the authorities, the Rohingyas also suffer at the hands of the local population, whose anti-Rohingya sentiment is fuelled by local leaders and the media.

This was not the first time that this kind of problem emerged for the fleeing Rohingyas. In 2002 during the police action “Operation Clean Heart” many Rohingyas were violently forced from their homes, which led to the establishment of the original Tal makeshift camp on a swamp-like patch of ground. This camp relocated, and in the spring of 2006 MSF started a medical program at the new site, where at the time around 5,700 unregistered Rohingya lived in awful, unsanitary conditions on a small strip of flood land in Teknaf in the Cox’s Bazar District. After two years of providing humanitarian assistance, and following strong advocacy by MSF, which ultimately gained the support of UNHCR and the international community, the Government of Bangladesh allocated new land in Leda Bazar for around 10,000 people in mid-2008. Less than one year later, nearly 13,000 people were living in Leda Bazar Camp, their fundamental living conditions having changed little. According to the MSF, these people continue to struggle to survive without recognition and opportunities to provide for themselves inside an increasingly hostile environment.

With a total population of over 28,400, the unregistered Rohingya at Kutupalong makeshift camp now outnumber the total registered refugee population supported by the UNHCR in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government has repeatedly stopped registration of those unfortunate refugees living outside the official camps. Without official recognition these people are forced to live in overcrowded squalor, unprotected and largely unassisted. Prevented from supporting themselves, they also do not qualify for the UNHCR-supported food relief. And sadly, the UNHCR, which is mandated to protect refugees worldwide, makes little or no visible protest at the injustice of this situation.

According to the MSF, the UNHCR is guilty of not taking the return of the Rohingyas as a priority issue. The Office of the UNHCR must take greater steps to protect the unregistered Rohingya seeking asylum in Bangladesh. The UNHCR must not allow the terms of its agreement with the government to undermine its role as international protector of the Rohingyas who have lost the protection of their own state – Myanmar, and have no state to turn to. Any failure to protect the Rohingyas inside and outside Myanmar is simply not acceptable.

We are told that as a poor country, Bangladesh faces a dilemma about the Rohingya refugees. If she shows too much flexibility a huge influx may occur, while being harsh creates concern among international community. Nevertheless, Bangladesh government’s forced repatriation of the refugees against their wishes is simply inhuman and violates international humanitarian laws. It must be immediately stopped, failing which its international image may suffer terribly. It must also stop all harassment against the Rohingyas. Temporary residency permits should be provided to the refugees so that they can earn their livelihood like any other Bangladeshi. There is nothing worse than a forced poverty which leads to crime and other serious problems. Should the refugees choose to leave Bangladesh for a third country the government should not hinder that process either. It must also make all diplomatic efforts to find shelters for these stranded refugees in sparsely populated and prosperous countries of Europe and North America, and the Gulf states.

The Rohingya refugees remain trapped in a desperate situation with no future in Bangladesh. These unfortunate people are caught between a crocodile and a snake: neither the xenophobic SPDC regime wants them back in Myanmar, nor does the Bangladesh government want them to stay because they are largely perceived as a burden on already scant resources. Outside China, none of the neighboring countries of Burma has ratified the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, its 1967 Protocol, the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. This must change by ratifying those conventions.

As the Thai boat crisis of 2009 made clear, regional comprehensive solutions are needed to the situation of the stateless Rohingya. The international community must support the Government of Bangladesh and UNHCR to adopt measures to guarantee the unregistered Rohingya’s lasting dignity and well-being in Bangladesh.

[About the authors: Dr. Siddiqui is a human rights activist who has written and co-edited three books on the Rohingyas of Burma. Dr. Rowley is a medical doctor who as part of MSF worked with the Rohingya people inside Arakan. She is currently affiliated with the US Campaign for Burma.]


Weekly business roundup – William Boot
Irrawaddy: Mon 12 Apr 2010

Belarus Bids to Bypass Arms Boycott with Burma Sales

The East European country of Belarus is bidding to develop military weapons sales to Burma following a week-long visit by a high-ranking delegation.

A team from the Belarusian state military and technical committee met Burmese army representatives to discuss military and technical cooperation, a European report said this week.

It was the second meeting between the two countries. A Burmese delegation went to Belarus last June.

Although foreign currency revenues from contracts with this state [Burma] remain insignificant, there are certain prospects for the development of cooperation in the military and technical sphere, delegation official Uladzimir Lawranyuk told the Belarus news agency Belapan on April 7.

Belarus is on a United States™ government restricted list because of its arms sales to unstable countries, such as North Korea and Sudan.

The US report lists Belarus as the 11th largest arms exporter in the world, with sales of at least US $1 billion between 1999 and 2006.

Western countries have called for a total weapons embargo on Burma, which buys military equipment from a number of countries, including China, India, Russia, Ukraine and Serbia.

Vietnam: Much Remains To Be Done on Asean Economic Union

Asean is a harmonious organization which has made enormous progress in becoming a œclosely-integrated political and economic entity, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung claimed on April 8.

His welcoming speech to the 16th summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) made no mention of conflicts in Burma, the military confrontations in a border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, or the severe political crisis within Thailand which has forced the Thai prime minister to cancel his participation in the summit.

The Hanoi meeting, in the rotating chairmanship of Asean held by Vietnam, is aimed at solidifying ambitions for the 10-country association to become a European Union-like organization by 2015—seen by most observers as an impossible target.

In a sign that Asean leaders might now be recognizing this, Nguyen Tan Dung warned that œmuch remains to be done to actually imitate the European Union.

It is now imperative to make stronger efforts to really bring the Asean Charter into life, accelerate Asean economic integration and work out a suitable model for sustainable economic development, he said.

Thais Fund Road to South Burma for Bangkok Link

Thailand is spending US $11 million to expand trade and port links into southern Burma.

The Thai government, via the commerce ministry, will use the funding to build a road linking the Thai town of Kanchanaburi with the Burma port of Tavoy, and to create a new permanent border crossing for trade further south near Prachuap Khiri Khan.

The Thai ministry said the developments were agreed at trade talks in the Thai resort town of Hua Hin, on the sidelines of the Mekong Rivers Commission conference.

The aim of the two links is to cut the cost and time of transporting farm and sea produce from Burma into Thailand.

Bangkok is about 300 kilometers from Tavoy in a direct line via Kanchanaburi.

The developments are forecast to be completed some time in 2013, said the Thai commerce ministry.

Australian Trade with Burma Grows Despite Sanctions

Trade between Australia and Burma has grown 160 percent over the last year despite sanctions imposed by the Australian government since 2007, a human rights campaign group has alleged.

The increased trade is mainly in textiles such as women’s clothes, communications and technical equipment, and fish, but does not include investment in Burma’s state-controlled oil and gas industry, said the Burma Campaign Australia (BCA) this week.

Trade between Australia and Burma has grown significantly over the past five years. In the last year alone, it increased 160 per cent, said BCA spokeswoman Zetty Brake.

No detailed breakdown of the increase has been disclosed.

Blanket sanctions are not imposed by Australia against Burma, but the government has been enforcing so-called targeted sanctions on Burmese financial institutions and regime leaders since October 2007.

The BCA said it seeks an extension of government-imposed targeted sanctions and government support for a total trade ban until there is regime change.


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#751 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Tue Apr 27, 2010 8:29 am
Subject: The real enemy
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The real enemy

To solve external conflicts, we must start at their root cause, in our hearts

The violence that occurred on April 10 on Ratchadamnoen Klang Avenue was a great loss for all parties involved — be they the government, the UDD — and all Thais. Every one of us lost. If the destruction on that day was called a victory, then it was a victory for anger and hatred.

After the violence, everyone is pointing fingers at the other side, overlooking the crux of the problem. It is the anger and hatred which pushes us into being vindictive enemies. The more we feel angry and hateful, the more vigorous our finger-pointing gets, and the louder our condemnation becomes. So much so we have forgotten it is the anger and hatred in our hearts that has driven us to be part of the violence, directly and indirectly.

Anger and hatred does not hurt others only, it also hurts us. Whenever we let anger and hatred dominate us, it affects our mind, our disposition, our behaviour.

It is hate and anger which has turned people who used to have goodwill towards one another into enemies, ready to jump at each other’s throats, to beat up, even to kill with cold blood. In other words, it has turned us into devils without our realising it.

It might be true that a person we hate is vicious and inhumanely cruel. But treating him in such a fashion will make us similarly inhumane. We view him as sub-human, but our action reduces us to his level, or even lower. We do not see him as human because of our hate and anger, which has driven us to destroy our own humanity.

Just because he or she has a different political ideology or wears a shirt of different colour, we view it as enough to brand him or her evil. This results from our presumption that people of that ideology, of this and that shirt colour, are all bad, unpatriotic, fascists. We may not know them at all, but because they belong to the group or the institution that we despise, it is enough for us to label them as bad.

Rationally, we may understand that a view one holds does not make them a bad person. But emotionally, the fact that he or she subscribes to the ideology which we detest, or belongs to the group that we hate, is enough to make us hate them. It is easy to see the other side as bad people. For when we believe we are on the side of righteousness, the people on the other side must be the evil ones.

But it does not stop there. When we believe they are evil, we feel it is legitimate to deal with them as we deem appropriate. The reasoning is that we should not let such bad people live and create more problems. We are ready to condemn them with the crudest language we could find. We are ready to make accusations, lie, or inflict pain on them. But the more we do that with people we label ‘‘evil’’, the more evil we ourselves become.

When the ‘‘angels’’ are ready to use any means to get rid of the ‘‘devils’’, they become devils themselves.

There is indeed a fine line between ‘‘angels’’ and ‘‘devils’’. Whenever we let hatred and anger dominate our hearts and minds, the angels easily become devils. Take note:

When we fight with the devil, be cautious not to become the devil ourselves. When hate and anger arise, it will push others away from us, particularly the people who are the target of our anger. Strangely, however, the more we grow apart, the more similar we become in dispositions, views and behaviours, which only mirror each other. We similarly believe they are right and the other side is wrong. We are alike in cursing the other side with rude, angry words. Our behaviours, such as making false accusations, are the same.

Isn’t it strange that the more we hate someone, the more we behave like them, although we label them evil? The more we want to hurt others, the more we hurt ourselves because we allow hate and anger to dominate our minds. It does not only put us on fire, it also destroys our image, reduces our humanity, and leads to many actions that we must repay. We plunge ourselves in the deep pit of vengefulness and suffering, which is so difficult to climb out of.

Everyone is human. They love, hate, are happy, and sad — like us. They have dreams and fears — also like us. But we are fixated with the labels we attach to them. For example prai (the oppressed), amataya (the elites), PAD, UDD, police, troops, or any organisations they belong to. So much so that we cannot see their humanity. We are so fixated with the colour of the shirts they wear that we cannot see them as a person. When we hate, we see them as the evil we must eliminate. We condemn and demonise them. The more we see them as less than human, the more righteous and more legitimate we feel to hurt them.

The age of catastrophe, which we call migasanyee, is a time when people can cruelly kill one another because we see the other side as just flesh, or miga, instead of people. We do not have to wait several hundreds of years to enter such an age. We are in the middle of it right now. People no longer see the humanity in others. We will pass this era when we start to see people beyond the labels, ideologies, shirt colours; to see the humanity of one another.

What is important is not to reclaim the street space from the protestors. We must return humanity to the yellow shirts, the red shirts, the police, the soldiers. Only then we can live together in peace.

We can only see others’ humanity when we interact with one another as humans, when we open our hearts to listen to them instead of just acting our roles or insisting on listening selectively to what confirms our prejudices.

One important dharma in time of conflicts is sajja nurak, which is not to be stubbornly attached to the belief that only one’s view is correct. One should constantly remind oneself that the view of the other side may also be correct, so we are more open to other people’s views.

In conflicts, all sides tend to insist they are right and the other side is wrong. Thus, they are not willing to listen to the other side. This applies not only to the conflicts between the government and the protesters, but also to people who love each other, such as husband and wife, father and children. During an argument, is there anyone willing to listen? This is because we are confident that we are right. Because we don’t know how to listen, the quarrel is getting more serious.

Even when it involves people who love each other, listening is difficult. It is then all the more difficult for people we hate. Because we close our heart, we are more convinced that ‘‘we are right and you are wrong’’. But how can we be sure that we are 100 percent right or good, and the other side is 100 percent bad?

How can we know if our information is 100 percent accurate? How can we be certain that what they are demanding is wholly out of selfishness? How can we be sure when we have never opened our hearts to listen to their points of view, for we have concluded right from the start that they are wrong and evil?

The Buddha’s teachings in the Kalamasutra are very important in this time of conflicts. It reminds us not to believe something just because ‘‘we hear it from others, because it is logical, because it agrees with our ideas, because it is plausible, or because the speaker is our teacher [or credible]’’. If it is the case, don’t conclude that what you have heard or what you have been informed, including the opinions based on those information, are wholly correct.

It is difficult to have compassion for the other side, although it is good for our own mind. But at least we should see them the way they really are. When we all desire justice, we should give justice to others and ourselves by viewing them the way they are. But how can we do that when we are full of prejudices? It is only when we can transcend these prejudices and open our hearts to listen to the other side, when we do not believe so easily, that we can see other people accurately as they are.

It is only then that we will realise other people are not our enemy. Our hatred and anger is.


 Edited translation from an article in Thai by Phra Paisal Visalo printed in the ‘Matichon’ newspaper on April 18, 2010.
http://www.bangkokpost.com/leisure/leisurescoop/175963/the-real-enemy


#752 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Wed May 12, 2010 7:08 am
Subject: [ReadingRoom] News on Burma - 12/5/10
piapi
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  1. Indian team to visit Myanmar for expediting power projects
  2. U.S. Diplomat Meets With Myanmar Opposition Leader
  3. US envoy warns Myanmar over NKorea arms
  4. Path of engagement with Burma
  5. Union Election Commission issues Notification No. 41/2010
  6. Faction of Myanmar’s opposition forms new party
  7. NDF Party to ally with pro-democracy, ethnic groups
  8. Military rule in civilian clothing?
  9. Parties aplenty, but can any challenge Myanmar’s junta?
  10. Burma’s imperfect polls offer the best hope for change
  11. Game over? No, not yet
  12. Political parties slam ‘rule-breaking’ PM
  13. No more ‘military government’
  14. Tensions rising between Myanmar’s military junta and the Kachin Independence Army
  15. Call to open Myanmar’s books
  16. Quintana says conditions not present for credible elections
  17. We must deny the military regime in Burma the legitimacy it craves
  18. Tight censorship on reporting USDP
  19. DKBA unlikely to reunite with KNLA
  20. Shan party allowed to register for elections
  21. Myanmar introduces visas on arrival for tourists
  22. Myanmar border trade hits 1.3 bln USD in 2009-10
  23. Than Shwe a predator, says media watchdog
  24. Myanmar junta members go civilian
  25. Japanese companies sign hydropower deal with Myanmar
  26. Breaking Burma’s isolation
  27. Burma’s ‘elections’ should not be recognized


Indian team to visit Myanmar for expediting power projects – Utpal Bhaskar
LiveMint.com: Mon 10 May 2010

Govt plans to revive the 1,200MW Tamanthi hydroelectric power plant and 642MW Shwezaye project
New Delhi – As part of India’s economic diplomacy initiative to engage Myanmar and counter China’s growing influence in that country, an Indian team will be leaving for the eastern neighbour on Tuesday to discuss building power plants and transmitting some of the electricity to India.

India plans to revive the stalled 1,200MW Tamanthi hydroelectric power plant and 642MW Shwezaye project on the Chindwin river, the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy river, Myanmar’s key commercial waterway. The memorandum of association for these projects are expected to be signed by December.

The delegation will comprise officials from state-owned firms NHPC Ltd and Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd (PGCIL), said a government official who did not want to be identified.

The visit is part of the Indian government’s exercise to improve diplomatic and economic ties with a neighbour that has rich deposits of natural gas. Myanmar has natural gas reserves of 89.722 trillion cu. ft (tcf), of which 18.012 tcf are proven recoverable reserves, or gas that can be easily extracted and tapped.

Sudhir Kumar, joint secretary, hydropower, in India’s ministry of power, who is part of this delegation, declined comment. S.K. Garg, chairman and managing director, NHPC, confirmed the impending visit and said: “Survey and investigation work are yet to be completed. No modalities have been worked out so far.”

“A transmission link for the evacuation of power is expected to be set up. We had submitted a report on the transmission of power around one-and-a-half years back,” a PGCIL executive said on condition of anonymity.

Tamanthi is in north Myanmar. Once completed, the project would help control floods and provide water for irrigation in the region. India would receive the bulk of the power generated. Myanmar has hydroelectric power potential of 39,720MW and an installed capacity of 747MW.

A power transmission link with Myanmar would also help towards a power inter-link of countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (Saarc), which groups India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and the Maldives. The Saarc grid envisaged meeting electricity demands and boosting economic and political ties in the region.

The embassy of Myanmar in New Delhi could not be contacted. Questions emailed to it bounced back.

The projects are integral to India for its engagement with Myanmar. India’s ministry of external affairs, or MEA, will underwrite as much as Rs40 crore in expenses to be incurred by NHPC on hydrological studies needed to develop the two power plants in that country. The ministry has funded the cost for additional investigations and the preparation of updated detailed reports for both the projects.

NHPC had earlier submitted reviews of feasibility reports for the Tamanthi and Shwezaye projects to MEA and the power ministry. Subsequently, the reports were accepted by the department of hydropower implementation of the Myanmar government. The feasibility reports of Tamanthi and Shwezaye were prepared by Switzerland’s Colenco Power Engineering Ltd and Japan’s Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., respectively.

Analysts say that since inter-country deals are complex, they are best handled between governments rather than by commercial entities.

“We have similar plans with Nepal and Bhutan. However, in the case of Myanmar, the challenges are many, especially from the evacuation point of view,” said K. Ramanathan, distinguished fellow at The Energy and Resources Institute. “There are also geopolitical and technical challenges.”

 

U.S. Diplomat Meets With Myanmar Opposition Leader – Mark McDonald
New York Times: Mon 10 May 2010

Hong Kong — A senior United States diplomat met with the leader of Myanmar’s principal opposition party on Monday, three days after it was disbanded after refusing to register for an election it considered to be undemocratic.
The envoy, Assistant Secretary of State Kurt M. Campbell, spoke with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi early Monday afternoon, a Western diplomat said. The meeting took place at a government guesthouse near her home in Yangon, Myanmar’s principal city and the former capital.

Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi, the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has been detained for most of the past 20 years, mostly under house arrest at her lakeside home. She turns 65 next month.

In a statement Monday night, Mr. Campbell applauded Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi’s “compassion and tolerance for her captors in the face of repeated indignities.”

“It is simply tragic,” he said, “that Burma’s generals have rebuffed her countless appeals to work together to find a peaceable solution for a more prosperous future.”

Mr. Campbell also conferred Monday with some of the senior leaders of Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi’s party — the “uncles” — including its former deputy chairman, U Tin Oo.

The party, the National League for Democracy, formally shut down last Friday rather than comply with onerous registration requirements and other election protocols set up by the junta. A senior N.L.D. official, Khin Maung Swe, said he has since formed a new party, according to a report in an online news portal, The Irrawaddy.

The government has said it will hold parliamentary elections this year but has not announced the date. The N.L.D. won the last elections, in 1990, but the results were ignored by the military, which has continued to rule ever since.

Mr. Campbell said Monday night that “what we have seen to date leads us to believe that these elections will lack international legitimacy.”

Mr. Campbell landed on Sunday in Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, where he told a news conference that the United States administration was “troubled” by the recent political developments in Myanmar that had led to the dissolution of the N.L.D.

Later on Sunday he proceeded to Naypyidaw, the capital of Myanmar, where he reportedly met with Foreign Minister Nyan Win; Information Minister Kyaw San; and U Thaung, a former ambassador to the United States who now directs Myanmar’s nuclear energy program as minister of science and technology.

Senator Judd Gregg, Republican of New Hampshire, sponsored a resolution that passed the Senate last week that denounced the junta and called for the release of Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners in Myanmar.

“I regret that the military regime in Burma continues to display a complete and total disinterest in positive relations with the United States, and credible and fair elections for the people of Burma,” Mr. Gregg said.

He added that the United States “expects the military regime to dramatically expand political participation and create an environment free from fear and intimidation before we will consider elections in Burma as anything but a farce.”

The United States and other Western nations have established a broad range of sanctions against Myanmar and the ruling generals.



US envoy warns Myanmar over NKorea arms
Associated Press: Mon 10 May 2010

Yangon – A top U.S. official visiting Myanmar warned Monday that its military regime should abide by U.N. sanctions that prohibit buying arms from North Korea, and also said the junta’s election plans lack legitimacy.
Kurt Campbell, assistant secretary of state for East Asia, read a statement to the press as he prepared to leave Myanmar after holding nearly two hours of closed-door talks with detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, whose party was disbanded last week as a result of its refusal to register for the polls, slated for sometime this year.

He did not reveal details of their talks, but praised her nonviolent struggle for democracy.

“She has demonstrated compassion and tolerance for her captors in the face of repeated indignities,” he said. “It is simply tragic that Burma’s generals have rebuffed her countless appeals to work together to find a peaceable solution for a more prosperous future.” Burma is another name for Myanmar.

Campbell earlier held talks with several Cabinet ministers.

The U.S. envoy issued what appeared to be Washington’s strongest warning to date concerning Myanmar’s arms purchases from North Korea, which some analysts suspect includes nuclear technology.

A U.N. Security Council resolution bans all North Korean arms exports, authorizes member states to inspect North Korean sea, air and land cargo and requires them to seize and destroy any goods transported in violation of the sanctions.

Campbell said that Myanmar leadership had agree to abide by the U.N. resolution, but that “recent developments” called into question its commitment. He said he sought the junta’s agreement to “a transparent process to assure the international community that Burma is abiding by its international commitments.”

“Without such a process, the United States maintains the right to take independent action within the relevant frameworks established by the international community,” said Campbell.

He did not explain what the new developments were or what action the U.S. might take, though it has in the past threatened to stop and search ships carrying suspicious cargo from Pyongyang.

Campbell said that in talks with senior officials, the U.S. side had also outlined a proposal “for a credible dialogue” for all concerned parties to agree on how to conduct upcoming polls, the first since 1990. But the junta had instead moved forward unilaterally without consulting opposition and independent voices.

“As a direct result, what we have seen to date leads us to believe that these elections will lack international legitimacy,” he said. “We urge the regime to take immediate steps to open the process in the time remaining before the elections.” The exact date for the polls has not yet been set.

Campbell’s visit, his second in six months, came just days after the dissolution of Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy party, or NLD, which won the 1990 election but was never allowed to take power.

The party considers newly enacted election laws unfair and undemocratic as Suu Kyi and other political prisoners would be barred from taking part in the vote and so declined to reregister as required, which meant it was automatically disbanded last week.

Suu Kyi was driven from her home in a three-car police motorcade to the nearby government guesthouse for the talks with Campbell. The Nobel Peace Prize laureate has been detained, mostly under house arrest, for 14 of the past 20 years. Her freedom has been a long-standing demand of the United States and much of the world community, including the United Nations.

Campbell also voiced concern about the increasing tensions between the government and ethnic minorities that have long been striving for greater autonomy, but face sometime severe repression.

“Burma cannot move forward while the government itself persists in launching attacks against its own people to force compliance with a proposal its ethnic groups cannot accept,” he said. “The very stability the regime seeks will continue to be elusive until a peaceable solution can be found through dialogue.”

Campbell arrived Sunday and met with senior junta officials in the remote administrative capital of Naypyitaw before flying Monday to Yangon, the biggest city. Among the officials he met were Foreign Minister Nyan Win, Information Minister Kyaw San and Science and Technology Minister U Thaung Myanmar’s former envoy in Washington who is the point person for the U.S.-Myanmar engagement.

Relations between Myanmar, also known as Burma, and the U.S. have been strained since its military crushed pro-democracy protests in 1988, killing hundreds, possibly thousands, of demonstrators. Since then, Washington has been Myanmar’s strongest critic, applying political and economic sanctions against the junta for its poor human rights record and failure to hand over power to a democratically elected government.

Campbell, however, said he would continue a dialogue with all sides in Myanmar as part of a new Washington policy of engagement rather than isolation of the ruling generals.

Last year President Barack Obama reversed the Bush administration’s isolation of Myanmar in favor of dialogue with the junta.



Path of engagement with Burma – Wesley K. Clark, Henrietta H. Fore, Suzanne DiMaggio
Japan Times: Mon 10 May 2010

New York — The Obama administration’s decision to seek a new way forward in U.S.-Burma relations recognizes that decades of trying to isolate Burma (aka Myanmar) in order to change the behavior of its government have achieved little. As Burma’s ruling generals prepare to hold elections later this year — for the first time since 1990 — it is time to try something different.
Attempting to engage one of the world’s most authoritarian governments will not be easy. There is no evidence to indicate that Burma’s leaders will respond positively to the Obama administration’s central message, which calls for releasing the estimated 2,100 political prisoners (including Aung San Suu Kyi), engaging in genuine dialogue with the opposition, and allowing fair and inclusive elections.

In fact, the recently enacted electoral laws, which have been met with international condemnation, already point to a process that lacks credibility.

This past fall we convened a task force under the auspices of the Asia Society to consider how the United States can best pursue a path of engagement with Burma. We concluded that the U.S. must ensure that its policies do not inadvertently support or encourage authoritarian and corrupt elements in Burmese society.

At the same time, if the U.S. sets the bar too high at the outset, it will deny itself an effective role in helping to move Burma away from authoritarian rule and into the world community.

During this period of uncertainty, we recommend framing U.S. policy toward Burma on the basis of changes taking place in the country, using both engagement and sanctions to encourage reform. The Obama administration’s decision to maintain trade and investment sanctions on Burma in the absence of meaningful change, particularly with regard to the Burmese government’s intolerance of political opposition, is correct.

Yet there are other measures that should be pursued now. The U.S. should engage not only with Burma’s leaders, but also with a wide range of groups inside the country to encourage the dialogue necessary to bring about national reconciliation of the military, democracy groups, and non-Burmese nationalities.

Removal of some noneconomic sanctions that restrict official bilateral interaction is welcome, and an even greater relaxation in communications, through both official and unofficial channels, should be implemented. Expanding such channels, especially during a period of potential political change, will strengthen U.S. leverage.

To reach the Burmese people directly, the U.S. should continue to develop and scale up assistance programs, while preserving cross-border assistance. Assistance to nongovernmental organizations should be expanded, and U.S. assistance also should be targeted toward small farmers and small- and medium-size businesses.

Educational exchanges under the Fulbright and Humphrey Scholar programs and cultural outreach activities should be increased. These programs produce powerful agents for community development in Burma, and can significantly improve the prospects for better governance.

U.S. policy should shift to a more robust phase if Burmese leaders begin to relax political restrictions, institute economic reforms and advance human rights. If there is no movement on these fronts, there will likely be pressure in the U.S. for tightening sanctions.

If there is no recourse but to pursue stronger sanctions, the U.S. should coordinate with others, including the European Union and the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations, to impose targeted financial and banking measures to ensure that military leaders and their associates cannot evade the impact of what otherwise would be less-effective unilateral sanctions.

If a different scenario emerges, it should open the way for a much more active U.S. role in assisting with capacity building, governance training and international efforts to encourage economic reforms.

One priority should be to develop an appropriate mechanism for ensuring that revenues from the sale of natural gas are properly accounted for, repatriated and allocated to meet urgent national needs.

In adjusting its policy toward Burma, the U.S. must face reality with a clear vision of what its foreign policy can achieve. U.S. influence in Burma is unlikely to outweigh that of increasingly powerful Asian neighbors. Therefore, the U.S. should make collaboration with other key stakeholders, particularly ASEAN, the United Nations and Burma’s neighbors — including China, India and Japan — the centerpiece of its policy.

In every respect, conditions in Burma are among the direst of any country in the world, and it will take decades, if not generations, to reverse current downward trends and create a foundation for a sustainable and viable democratic government and a prosperous society.

The U.S. needs to position itself to respond effectively and flexibly to the twists and turns that a potential transition in Burma may take over time, with an eye toward pressing the Burmese leadership to move in positive directions.

* Wesley K. Clark, a former NATO supreme commander, is a senior fellow at UCLA’s Burkle Center for International Relations. Henrietta H. Fore is a former administrator of USAID. Both are cochairs of the Asia Society-sponsored Task Force on U.S. Policy toward Burma/Myanmar. Suzanne DiMaggio, director of Policy Studies at the Asia Society, is project director. © 2010 Project Syndicate



Union Election Commission issues Notification No. 41/2010
The New Light of Myanmar: Mon 10 May 2010

Nay Pyi Taw, May 7 – The Union Election Commission issued Notification No. 41/2010 today. The translation of the notification is as follows:-
The Union of Myanmar Union
Election Commission Nay Pyi Taw
Notification No. 41/2010
10th Waning of Kason, 1372 ME
7 May 2010

Permission granted to Kokang Democracy and Unity Party to register as political party

The Union Election Commission granted permission to the Kokang Democracy and Unity Party with its headquarters at No. B/6/137 on Dawna Street in Region 6 of Ward 2, Lashio, Shan State to register in accord with the Article 9 of the Political Parties Registration Law as of 7 May 2010.

The registration number of the Kokang Democracy and Unity Party is (4).

By Order,

Sd/Win Ko
Secretary
Union Election Commission



Faction of Myanmar’s opposition forms new party
Associated Press: Fri 7 May 2010

Yangon, Myanmar — A faction of Aung San Suu Kyi’s opposition declared Friday it will form its own political party to contest Myanmar’s first elections in two decades, a day after the democracy icon’s party disbanded to boycott the vote it says will be flawed.
Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy, which won Myanmar’s last election in 1990 but which the army never allowed to take power, declined to reregister for elections planned for this year, as stipulated by a new election law. The League says the laws are undemocratic and unfair, and its non-registration is tantamount to a boycott.

However, a group of League members who had disagreed with the boycott said they would form their own party called the National Democratic Force.

“We will form a new political party to continue our struggle for democracy and human rights,” said Khin Maung Swe, a former senior member of Suu Kyi’s party and a former political prisoner.

Whether Suu Kyi would play any role in the new party was not immediately clear but unlikely. She had previously called the junta’s election laws “undemocratic” and said she would “not even think” of registering her party for the polls.

Swe said he had earlier suggested the idea of forming what he called a “lifeboat party” to enable the League to circumvent the dissolution. “The idea was not accepted,” he said, but the faction decided to form one anyway.

Swe said the new party would register with the Election Commission this month. While existing parties had to reregister by May 6, new parties are given more time.

Roughly 80 percent of the new party’s membership would be from Suu Kyi’s former party, he said.

“We are going to continue our unending democratic struggle within the legal framework,” said Than Nyein, expected to serve as the new party’s chairman.

On Thursday, officials at the National League for Democracy tidied their desks and locked political files at their main office in Yangon, a quiet end to a party founded more than 20 years ago to challenge military rule.

Leaders and several members were seen Friday inside the headquarters. They are barred from holding political meetings there but have said they will continue working as a social movement.

Suu Kyi, who has been under house arrest for 14 of the past 20 years, was convicted last year of illegally harboring a visitor, an eccentric American who swam uninvited to her lakeside home. The conviction bars her from running or even voting in the election.

The government has not yet announced a date for the upcoming elections, saying only they will be held this year. The vote has been widely criticized as a sham designed to cement military rule.



NDF Party to ally with pro-democracy, ethnic groups – Wai Moe
Irrawaddy: Fri 7 May 2010

A former leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD) who plans to form a new political party to contest in the coming election said the party will ally with other pro-democracy and ethnic parties to shape the pro-democracy movement.
“Our unfinished duty is to bring peace, democracy and development to the people of Burma,” said Than Nyein, a former NLD executive member and a leader of the new party. “For the cause, we will work together with other political parties including ethnic parties after we form the National Democratic Force (NDF) party.”

Than Nyein said the NDF would not rush to ally with other political groups until it had studied the nature of the campaign and the political parties.

“Our party would also avoid to contest in ethnic areas in favor of the rights of ethnic political parties to manage their affairs,” Than Nyein told The Irrawaddy on Friday. “Like the democracy issue, ethnic issues are also important for us.”

He said ethnic political issues should be resolved alongside democracy and human rights issues.

People should approach politics pragmatically, he said: “Sometimes when the things that we want can not happen, we need to think about other ways to achieve our main goal—how to contribute to society in a better way.”

Than Nyein and his former NLD colleagues will formally apply to register the new party within one month. The NLD was dissolved as a political party on Thursday after it decided not to re-register, saying the electoral laws are not fair. The laws banned NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other political detainees from running in the election.

As for Suu Kyi’s future political role, Than Nyein said she is still their party’s leader.

“At any time Daw Aung San Suu Kyi can come to lead us,” he said. “We always respect her.”

He said detained activists of the 88 Generation Students group who are now in their forties and thirties, such as Min Ko Naing and Ko Ko Gyi, are also welcome. “They are a new generation,” Than Nyein said.

After the election commission approves the NDF’s application, he said that many former NLD members are likely to join the NDF party, and the party expects to rely heavily on former NLD activists across the country.

Meanwhile, some former NLD leaders expressed caution about the role of the NDF.

Win Tin, a former colleague of Than Nyein who pposed NLD re-gistration, said that Than Nyein and other former NLD members within the new political party must be loyal to the people of Burma and respect Suu Kyi.

Some activist said they were concerned that the NDF could split dissident groups, which could affect the overall pro-democracy movement.

“We could see a big split among the opposition,” said Chan Tun, a veteran Rangoon politician. “I want to suggest that they seek unity and understanding. If you have the same goals, then it’s all right to use different tactics and approaches. I hope all the pro-democracy groups can avoid disunity, which would be the biggest blow for the movement.”

Than Nyein was a former student leader in the late 1950s and early 1960s. During the 1988 uprising, he was a physician in southern Shan State, where he led a pro-democracy movement. After the military coup, he was briefly detained.

In the early 1990s, Than Nyein and other NLD leaders close to Suu Kyi were sideline from the party because of the junta’s pressure. He said a number of his friends have died in prison. He was arrested several times during the past 20 years. His last detention was in 1996 for aiding Suu Kyi. He was released in September 2008 along with other NLD leaders such as Win Tin and Khin Maung Swe.



Military rule in civilian clothing? – Editorial
Voice of America: Fri 7 May 2010

Burma’s top military leaders recently resigned their posts and organized a new political party, a move possibly intended to run candidates in national elections later this year.
Prime Minister of Burma Thein Sein.Burma’s top military leaders recently resigned their posts and organized a new political party, a move possibly intended to run candidates in national elections later this year, the first since 1990.

The international community has been calling consistently for a return to representative, civilian rule in Burma. This action by some of Burma’s top generals, though, follows enactment of a restrictive election law that bars many political activists from running for office. The decision by General Thein Sein and some 20 other members of his cabinet to shed their uniforms raises more questions than it answers about Burma’s future.

Under a controversial new constitution drafted by the military government, a popular vote some time later this year will, Burmese authorities say, restore civilian rule for the first time since 1962. The generals see the election as a way to enhance their credibility at home and deflect criticism on their policies from the international community.

To accomplish this, Burma’s leaders would have to open up the political process. Instead, they restricted it with the new Political Parties Registration law and the constitution, which guarantees 25 percent of the seats in Parliament to the military even before the voting. Now, by leaving their military posts and forming the new Union Solidarity and Development Party, or USDP, Thein Sein and his “former” military colleagues could supplement the military’s 25% quota on parliamentary seats, enabling the military to retain control of the country under the guise of an open election.

The USDP has yet to announce its plans, and it is hoped that its intentions will soon be clear. To be credible, an open, free and fair election is essential, along with a chance to conduct a broad and serious dialogue with leading activists and various ethnic groups who deserve a say in Burma’s future.



Parties aplenty, but can any challenge Myanmar’s junta? – Martin Petty
Reuters: Fri 7 May 2010

Bangkok – Although dismissed by many as a sham to entrench five decades of military rule, Myanmar’s upcoming election is being taken seriously at home, with dozens of political parties queuing up to take part.
But what remains to be seen is whether any real force will emerge to challenge the iron-fisted rule of a military that seems determined to cling on to power.

The party seen as Myanmar’s only real hope for a democratic future was effectively disbanded as of Friday when Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) opted not to register for what it said were “unjust” polls — a move that angered many of its supporters.

A breakaway NLD faction announced just hours after the deadline that it would enter the election under a new political entity called the National Democratic Force (NDF) — assuming the army-appointed Election Commission agrees to allow it.

But if the NDF or any other pro-democracy parties emerge, their leaders will have big shoes to fill now the charismatic, long-detained Suu Kyi, the icon of Myanmar’s democracy struggle, has clearly stated her opposition to the long-awaited polls.

The NLD won the last election, in 1990, by a landslide but was denied the chance to rule by a junta that used unexplained constitutional technicalities to keep the NLD out of office.

Many experts and people on the ground believe the window of opportunity for an opposing force to win the support of Myanmar’s people and replicate the NLD’s 1990 feat is fast closing.

Opposing opposition?

The break-up of the NLD could lead to a fractious and divisive opposition, with those intending to challenge the military and its proxies more likely to face off with each other.

“We’ll have to wait and see how well the real, genuine pro-democracy parties can work together,” said Aung Naing Oo, a Harvard-educated Burmese academic based in Thailand.

“The problem is the NLD wasn’t strategically deconstructed. The hardliners and moderates who have been through thick and thin might undermine each other. Some may go underground and that’s a recipe for confrontation.”

The prospect of a clumsily-formed and bickering opposition plays right into the hands of the generals, who unlike 1990, appear to have hatched a clever plan to retain control of the country at all levels.

The armed forces drafted a constitution in 2008 and ensured it passed a referendum, granting its commander-in-chief more power than an elected president and allocating control of key ministries, like justice, defence and interior, to the military.

And it looks as if it will get its hands on the “civilian” side of the new democratic Myanmar too.

At least 20 ministers from the junta, including Prime Minister Thein Sein, resigned from the military last week to become civilian politicians, although as is typical with Myanmar, their parties remain a mystery.

A party known as the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) has attracted wide attention on state-controlled television, prompting accusations the junta has hijacked a social development organisation to use as its vehicle for parliamentary politics.

The USDA appears to be modelled on Indonesia’s powerful Golkar Party and claims to have 24 million members — about half of Myanmar’s population.

Parliamentary sideshow

A total of 30 groups have applied to become political parties and more may join before the June 6 deadline for new parties to register for the election, a date for which has yet to be set.

Only four of 10 existing parties have applied to run, three, including the National Unity Party (NUP) — the runner-up to the NLD in 1990 — comprise former members of the Socialist Programme Party, the political arm of the military junta that seized power in a 1962 coup before its dissolution in 1998.

Regardless of who wins, most analysts believe parliamentary politics will be a sideshow given the military’s ministerial and budgetary powers and its allocation of 25 percent of the national assembly and a third of senate seats to serving generals.

“The generals don’t want a repeat of the 1990 election and its clear they won’t share power with anyone,” said Aung Zaw, editor of the Thailand-based Irrawaddy magazine.

“Any idea that this election can change the political landscape is wishful thinking. Members of parliament won’t have the power or numbers to go against these military dinosaurs.”

(Additional reporting by Aung Hla Tun in Naypyitaw; Editing by Alex Richardson)



Burma’s imperfect polls offer the best hope for change – Roger Huang
Jakarta Post: Fri 7 May 2010

Burma is at an important juncture this year as its first election in 20 years approaches.
Well known for its charismatic opposition leader, Aung Sang Suu Kyi, and the ruling, military-dominated State Peace and Development Council, it comes as no real surprise that a series of recently announced electoral laws would effectively prevent Suu Kyi and other political dissidents from participating in the upcoming election.

Irrespective of the wave of criticism the electoral laws attracted from pro-democracy forces and foreign governments, it seems clear that the multiparty election will take place with or without the participation of non-junta-supported parties. This includes the main democratic opposition, the Suu Kyi-led National League for Democracy, providing a serious challenge to the NLD and other political stakeholders.

Regardless of the mockery that the 2010 Burma election may make of the democratic process, it would be an even bigger blow for the country if no genuine opposition participates. Under the new laws, NLD will face dissolution as a legal entity if it continues with its current plan to boycott the election.

Despite the undemocratic clauses of the 2008 Constitution on which the 2010 election is based, it will essentially allow a pseudo-civilian government to be formed after the election. This will include the reintroduction of a parliamentary system in Burma, albeit with 25 percent of the seats guaranteed for the military. Despite the unfair practices and challenges any opposition may face, the election also provides an opportunity for opposition groups to challenge the SPDC, by competing for seats against junta-backed proxy parties.

Hundreds of genuine democratic enthusiasts not affiliated with the NLD will still be eager to run in the election. Some may succeed in the polls even in the face of open intimidation and junta manipulation.

By participating in the election, even without Suu Kyi’s approval or the NLD’s involvement, opposition groups may garner enough support to become viable players in the Burmese political landscape. Additionally, from within the SPDC-ascribed framework, opposition politicians will finally have a “legitimate” platform to push for gradual political liberalization, and perhaps even more important, address key pragmatic social and economic concerns of the state when the parliament finally convenes after a hiatus of several decades.

For the last two decades, the NLD and the international community have continued to condemn and dismiss the SPDC. However, continued isolation, Western sanctions and moral condemnation of the generals have done little to sway the junta’s position. Such policies have in fact only strengthened the junta’s resolve to develop the Burmese state at their own pace and on their own terms.

Irrespective of what Suu Kyi stands for, and the noble sacrifices she and others have made in their demand for a democratic Burma, the reality is that Western support and continued focus on Suu Kyi and the NLD, along with their sanctions, have failed to influence the ruling junta.

Participating in the election within the constraints set by the junta may seem like kowtowing to the military regime and falls far short of the international norms in upholding a credible democratic process. However, for a nation that has been plagued by civil war, ethnic tensions, factional politics and bureaucratic inefficiency ever since its independence, participation in the election is perhaps the only viable option at present for any constructive development.

Suu Kyi will remain an important figure for the future of Burma, whether as a living martyr or as a figure for peace and reconciliation in a more politically relaxed Burma. However, the political realities of today’s Burma suggest that pragmatism must prevail over abstract notions of democracy and simplistic moral positions. For the betterment of the Burmese populace, gradual, incremental political changes will be more constructive than continued absolutist positions that insist on vague and unrealistic goals aimed at immediate “democracy” in the Burma state.

As former Burmese UN Secretary-General U Thant reportedly once said, “Governments, systems, ideologies come and go, but it is humanity which remains.” Similarly, in order for Burma to move beyond its current political impasse, strict dogmatism must be abandoned by the NLD and other oppositional stakeholders. As long as the democratic forces survive the 2010 electoral games, hope will remain for Burma.

East Asia Forum

* Roger Huang is research development officer at the Center for Asian Pacific Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong.



Game over? No, not yet – Aung Zaw
Irrawaddy: Fri 7 May 2010

Like it or not, Burma’s politics will remain black and white, with no prospect of becoming “multi-colored,” as in neighboring Thailand.
The decision by Burma’s main opposition party and outright winner of the 1990 election, the National League for Democracy (NLD), not to reregister signaled that political divisions remain deep.
Aung Zaw is founder and editor of the Irrawaddy magazine. He can be reached at aungzaw@....

As the NLD held a final gathering this week at its Rangoon headquarters before its forced dissolution, Burmese people and the dissident community inside and outside the country hotly debated the future of the party, the democracy movement as a whole and, of course, the roles of Aung San Suu Kyi and other party leaders.

Many pragmatists, revolutionary activists and even members of the “pro-election” camp have sympathy for the NLD and Suu Kyi and want them to continue the fight. Some of the criticism of the NLD is based on sympathy because the critics want to see the party adopt a better political strategy and tactics and to become savvy.

Since its foundation in 1988, the NLD has never been able to function as a political party, operating rather like a quasi semi-underground social movement. Many of its leaders, including Suu Kyi, have been detained for long terms of imprisonment or house arrest.

Although the NLD emerged the winner of the 1990 election, the result was not recognized by the regime, which then decapitated the party and imprisoned many of its members.

The regime ruthlessly and brutally played a black and white game, and with the dissolution now of the party the junta may feel it has achieved its objective. But I am not so sure.

Suu Kyi and party leaders have repeatedly said that they would never turn their backs on the people or renounce the struggle for democracy. They have vowed to keep the visible signs of the party—its banners and placards—on view, perhaps provoking a crackdown.

Political and social instability will undoubtedly increase before we see a better Burma.

Suu Kyi will continue to be an influential leader regardless of whether or not she remains under house arrest or heads a political movement. She and other prominent activists now in prison should be released and resume their involvement in the opposition movement.

The new government (a “wolf in sheep’s clothing?”) will have no choice but to continue to face the fundamental challenges presented by a still formidable Suu Kyi and her calls for political dialogue, the embattled democracy movement, radical activists, unpredictable political strife, thorny ethnic issues and the restless, armed ethnic rebels.

International support for Suu Kyi and the pro-democracy movement, while not expected to increase dramatically, will remain strong. The struggle is not over. With or without the NLD, the desire for change in Burma will remain the same.

The upcoming election (apparently more like a selection than an election) is unlikely to change the dynamics of the current civil-military relationship because the regime wields a unilateral and coercive policy instrument. We may see a less evil and more sophisticated government take power but fundamentally meaningful changes are unlikely to come to Burma.

The issues of ethnic minorities, human rights violations, political prisoners, forced labor, internally displaced persons, refugees and the millions of migrants stranded in neighboring countries won’t be solved.

The ethnic issue will continue to confront the new government because the Burman-dominated military regime doesn’t understand the aspirations of the ethnic minorities and why they took up arms in the first place.

Snr-Gen Than Shwe once famously declared at a cabinet meeting: “Let them [the ethnic minority groups] smoke as many 555 cigarettes as possible. Let them drink as many Black Label [whiskies] as possible. As long we have peace it is fine.”

Ethnic leaders aren’t fighting for 555 cigarettes and Black Label whiskey, however. Without a solution of ethnic issues, there can be no political transition in Burma.

Internationally, the military’s absolute control of key areas in the future government indicates that Naypyidaw will remain a pariah, lacking credibility and legitimacy. Burma will continue to be a problem child in the region and beyond.

Sanctions will remain in place, although the West, particularly the US, will find more creative ways to penetrate Burma and the new regime. The clandestine military relationship between Burma and North Korea will continue to draw the attention of the West and neighboring governments.

Of course, there is no lack of wishful thinkers and spin-doctors, saying things they don’t believe in for the sake of maintaining the status quo for their donors or just to undermine Suu Kyi and the democracy movement.

Indeed, some naively believe there will be a new landscape after the election. Any new landscape, however, will be just a facade—even Snr-Gen Than Shwe’s change from military uniform to civilian suit won’t disguise his true clown’s costume.

Than Shwe and his team should not be underestimated, however. They have a raft of “Plan Bs” in order to hold on to power at all cost. They don’t care how many more activists die in prison or in ethnic conflicts. They are unmoved by the plight of refugees and internally displaced people.

Than Shwe and his road map may deceive sections of the foreign community and some regional leaders suffering from “Burma fatigue.” But the people of Burma are not deceived—they’ve had enough of the hell that is Burma today and they want change.



Political parties slam ‘rule-breaking’ PM – Aye Nai
Democratic Voice of Burma: Thu 6 May 2010

A number of parties competing in Burma’s elections this year have said the formation of a new political party by prime minister Thein Sein violates Burma’s own domestic laws.
According to the Political Party Registration Law, unveiled in March, government employees are barred from setting up their own political parties. Thein Sein, who last week stood down from his military post but remains prime minister, has announced that he will head the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), which recently registered for the polls.

The USDP sounds eerily similar to the government-proxy social organisation, the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), although no concrete link has yet been verified.

If there is a link, then the party would be guilty of political corruption because the USDA is financed by the government.

“During the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League era [1945 to 1962], the law prohibited government workers from setting up political parties and standing for the elections,” said Thu Wei, head of the Democracy Party. “However, the prime minister’s position back then was not recognised as a government employee, so we are not yet clear what the law now is.

He added however that it was “completely inappropriate” to use the USDA’s name. “We dislike and do not accept this,” he said. “This is unfair and cunning, and is meant to confuse people during the elections. If such a party becomes the government, lies and wrongdoings will continue.”

Ye Htun, brother of the prominent Burmese politician Aye Lwin and head of Union of Myanmar 88 Generation Student Youths party, said that Burma was dealing in “messy politics”.

“Today’s election laws were written by the current military government who are like the referee on the pitch,” he said. “Now the referee is bringing his own ball into the game, play the game himself, and he will shoot it into the goalpost that he himself positioned. This is quite pointless in politics.”

Khin Maung Swe, spokesperson for the National League for Democracy (NLD), which today marks its termination as a political after refusing to run in the elections, said that if Thein Sein was still receiving a government salary, then his new role as USDP head would be illegal.

Much of the international community has condemned the election laws, which effectively block the NLD from participating and appear to be a ploy aimed at keeping the military government in power. More than 25 parties have so far registered for the elections.



No more ‘military government’ – Nayee Lin Let
Irrawaddy: Thu 6 May 2010

Naypyidaw: The War Office in Napyidaw has issued a directive for state-controlled media not to describe the Burmese government as a “Tatmadaw government,” according to military sources. Tatmadaw, in Burmese, means “military.”
A high ranking officer said that on April 26, state-owned media such as newspapers, radio, television run by the Defense Ministry and Information Ministry were given instructions not to use the term.
Burmese soldiers sit alert in a car escorting Snr-Gen Than Shwe from a military parade marking the country’s 65th Armed Forces Day at a parade ground in Naypyidaw on March 27. (Photo: Getty Images)

“This instruction is aimed at the government led by PM Thein Sein,” said the officer. “Many high-ranking army officer have already resigned from their army positions in order to set up a political party and to become candidates in the upcoming election. In that case, if you continue to use the term ‘Tatmadaw government,’ it won’t be relevant. So, the media must use the term ‘government of the union of Burma.’”

The instruction was issued after the resignation of selected army officers who will join a state-backed political party to stand as candidates for seats in parliament, said the officer.

The term “Tatmadaw government” has been widely used in regime-controlled media after the military coup since 1988.

According to an army veteran, after April 26, there are no army officers in the structure of the current government and the military government has been transformed into a civilian government.

“If you use the term tatmadaw government, it won’t be relevant with the current government. So you are not allowed to use the term,” he said.

Under the current government, there are 38 ministries. In the cabinet, there are 39 ministers and 39 deputy ministers.

It was reported last week that Burmese Prime Minister Thein Sein and other key members of the ruling junta have registered a political party to contest the upcoming general election.

Thein Sein and 26 other leaders had registered the party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), at the Union Election Commission in April. The 26 other party leaders were not identified but are known to be current ministers and deputy ministers.

A list of army officers who resigned:

Ministers:

Gen Htay Oo, agriculture and irrigation minister
Lt-Gen Soe Thein, Industrial (2) minister
Gen Thein Swe, transportation minister

Brig-Gen Lun Thi, energy minister
Gen Aung Min, railway minister
Brig-Gen Tin Naing Thein, economy and trading minister

Gen Soe Naing, hotel and tourism minister
Gen Hla Htun, finance and taxation minister
Brig-Gen Thein Zaw, communication minister

Brig General Thuya Myint Maung, minister for religion
Gen Khin Aung Myint, minister for culture
Gen Tin Htut, minister for cooperative

Col Thein Nyunt, minister for border areas development
Col Zaw Min, minister for electricity (1)
Gen Khin Maung Myint, minister for construction and electricity (2)

Brig-GenThuya Aye Myint, sports minister
Brig-GenKyaw San, information minister
Brig-GenThein Aung, forestry minister

Gen Maung Oo, home and immigration minister
Brig Ohn Myint, minister for mining
Gen Maung Maung Swe, social affairs minister

Brig-Gen Maung Maung Thein, husbandry and fishery minister
Gen Lin Maung, auditor-general
Brig-Gen Aung Thein Lin, mayor of rangoon
Brig Phone Zaw Han, mayor of mandalay

Deputy Ministers:

Lt-Col Khin Maung Kyaw, industrial (2)
Gen Kyaw Swar Khine, industrial (2)
Col Thuyein Zaw, national planning

Col Nyan Htun Aung, transportation
Brig Tin Htun Aung, labor
Brig Aung Myo Min, education

Brig Than Htay, energy
Brig Aung Htun, economy and trading
Brig Aye Myint Kyu, hotel and tourism

Col Hla Thein Swe, finance and taxation
Gen Thein Htun, communication
Brig Thuya Aung Ko, religion

Brig Myint Thein, construction
Brig Win Sein, immigration
Col Tin Ngwe, border area development
Brig Win Myint, electricity (2)
Brig Bhone Swe, interior
Brig Kyaw Myint, social affairs

Col Maung Par, deputy mayor of Rangoon



Tensions rising between Myanmar’s military junta and the Kachin Independence Army
Jane’s Intelligence Weekly: Thu 6 May 2010

Tensions are rising between Myanmar’s military junta and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), as the latter continues to reject transformation into a border guard force.
Not all anniversaries are to be celebrated; 28 April marked a year since Myanmar’s government proposed to integrate some 20 ethnic insurgent ceasefire groups into the Tat­madaw (armed forces). Despite a year of negotia­tions, agreement on the proposal seems no closer.

The border guard force (BGF) initiative coin­cides with the military government’s (State Peace and Development Council: SPDC) efforts to secure the participation of these groups’ political wings in elections designed to formalise the mili­tary’s control over the government.

Weaker ceasefire groups have had little choice but to comply with the Tatmadaw’s demands. However, stronger groups have reacted obsti­nately to the initiative. One of these is the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), which remains a formidable military group. A spokesman for the KIA’s political wing, the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), told Jane’s it boasts 25,000 personnel, including between 7,000 and 8,000 ground troops. These figures may be exaggerated, but the group can also draw on its 7,000-strong militarised youth wing.

Irreconcilable differences
Visiting the KIA’s headquarters in Laiza on 16 April, Jane’s was told why the BGF initiative is seen as unworkable. According to the proposal, each BGF unit would be commanded by three majors, including a commander and vice-com­mander drawn from the ethnic armies and an intelligence-cum-administrative officer from the government’s army, significantly restricting the group’s autonomy. The KIA’s independence would be further compromised by the integration of 29 other officers and non-commissioned officers from the army into each of the 326-strong units. Subordinated to the Tatmadaw’s directorate of militias and border guard forces, the BGF units would be inferior to infantry battalions.

As an incentive, the Tatmadaw promised the KIA salaries, provisions and armaments. How­ever, the proposal would retire soldiers over the age of 50 and sideline senior KIA commanders. The proposal also omits any mention of the KIO, which governs the Kachin State Special Region 2.

In an attempt to resolve the ongoing dispute, 16 meetings between the SPDC and KIO have taken place, but these have achieved little. The KIO’s ini­tial counter-proposal to the BGF was to rename the KIA as the Kachin Regional Guard Force and jointly govern Kachin state with the new govern­ment. The SPDC rejected this on the basis that the BGF was modelled on international practices, and that the creation of autonomous ethnic forces would restore a system of administration that had failed under the previous U Nu government.

In later meetings, the KIO invoked the 1947 Panglong Agreement, which gave ethnic areas on the periphery of the state internal administrative autonomy. In response, the northern commander Major General Soe Win declared: “The age of Panglong has been cancelled and it is gone now.”

Following the last meeting in April, the KIO proposed informally that the entire BGF issue be set aside for resolution under the new govern­ment, and that it neither participate nor interfere in the elections. The SPDC spurned the offer.

Finally, on 15 April, the KIA dispatched a letter to Naypyidaw acknowledging that it would accept a role within the Tatmadaw, but only on the basis of equality as part of a union army. On 23 April, the two sides agreed to continue their dialogue.

Growing tensions
Against this background of uncertainty, a series of recent bomb explosions have highlighted increased military tension. On 15 April, three bombs exploded in downtown Yangon. According to the state-run newspaper New Light of Myanmar, the incident killed 10 people and injured 170. On the same day, a bomb blast also occurred in the town of Muse at the main border trade gate with China. Although no one has claimed responsibility for either blast, several of the ceasefire groups have indicated that if fighting resumes they will wage urban warfare.

Two days later, 27 bombs exploded at a contro­versial hydropower project north of Myitkyina. The project has been a source of tension as it will displace 60 Kachin villages. Government officials are publicly linking the BGF issue and these bombs. On the morning of the explosions, the SPDC-supported Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) reported that unexploded ordnance at the site resembled KIA-manufactured bombs.

The KIA vehemently denied any involvement in the bombings when speaking to Jane’s. How­ever, several weeks before, the USDA revealed that authorities had arrested a man in possession of 32 remote-controlled bombs. According to their account, the man confessed he had attended a two-day training course in explosives organised by the KIA, which had dispatched him and 49 other underground operatives with small stipends and dozens of explosives.

Forecast
Amid growing tensions, the two sides appear to be at loggerheads. The SPDC remains resolute, while the KIA position requires either constitutional redrafting or their exclusion from the process, neither of which the SPDC wants to accept. A resumption of hostilities is possible, but undesirable for all parties. The SPDC is likely to forge ahead with elections and resolve the status of the ceasefire groups later. However, without a settlement the country’s deep-rooted ethnic problems will only fester.



Call to open Myanmar’s books – Brian McCartan
The Asia Times: Thu 6 May 2010

Bangkok – A new international campaign aims to encourage oil and gas giants Total and Chevron to reveal the extent of payments they have made to the Myanmar government over the past 18 years. New oil and gas pipelines are slated to come online in the next few years and rights groups allege Myanmar’s oil and gas industry serves to prop up the rights-abusing military regime.
EarthRights International (ERI), a Washington DC-based human-rights and environmental organization, announced the campaign at a press conference in Bangkok on April 27. A statement for the campaign was signed by more than 160 labor unions, investmentfirms, academics, non-government organizations and policy makers, including former Irish president and head of the United Nations Human Rights Commission, Mary Robinson, as well as former Norwegian prime minister Kjell Magne Bondevik.

The statement calls for France-based Total, Chevron of the United States, and Thai state oil company Petroleum Authority of Thailand Exploration and Production (PTTEP), to reveal the amounts paid to the junta in fees, taxes, royalties and benefits since the start of the Yadana Gas project in 1992. EarthRights says transparency of these payments would set a good example for other oil and gas companies now working in Myanmar.

Total, in response to a report by ERI in September 2009, disclosed in October 2009 that its portion of the Yadana gas project had generated US$254 million for the junta in 2008. Economists say this data will be important for the policies, including taxation, interest rates and exchange rate management, of the government that comes into power after the elections that are expected to be held this year.

Total, Chevron and PTTEP are part of a consortium, together with Myanmar state gas firm Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), in the Yadana gas field in the Andaman sea as well as a gas pipeline that feeds two power plants that provide electricity to Bangkok. Total signed an initial profit-sharing contract with MOGE in 1992 and remains the primary shareholder. Chevron became involved when it bought UNOCAL in 2005. Sales of gas from the pipeline to PTT Public Company Ltd, Thailand’s state-owned oil and gas company, began in 2000.

The project came in for criticism over well-documented human-rights abuses in the area directly related to construction of the pipeline between 1996-1999 and ongoing security measures maintained along its route. A lawsuit brought against UNOCAL in the United States by villagers from the pipeline area was settled for an undisclosed sum in 2005.

Despite this, Total and Chevron – which inherited UNOCAL’s liabilities in the merger – deny responsibility for the negative impacts of the project, including human-rights abuses. They have even made claims that rights abuses have been eradicated in the project area, statements that ERI and other human-rights groups contest.

The Yadana field is the military regime’s single-largest revenue earner. ERI estimates the field earned $1.7 billion in 2008, of which an estimated $1.02 billion went directly to the regime. The group believes that from 2000, when gas sales began, through 2008, the junta earned a total of $7.58 billion in revenues.

Fast cash flows
Another field in the Andaman Sea, the Yetagun, is run by Malaysia’s Petronas, Thai Nippon Steel, PTTEP and MOGE. Petronas took over the stake of a British energy company that pulled out of the project under pressure in 2002 and is now its largest shareholder. A natural gaspipeline from the field joins with the Yadana pipeline at the Thai border. According to ERI’s research, the amount of revenue earned from the Yetagun project is only slightly less than that generated by the Yadana project.

Another much more ambitious oil and gas pipeline project in western Myanmar is projected to at least double these annual earnings. The Shwe Gas project encompasses natural gas extraction from a field off the coast of Arakan Division and a 2,806-kilometer pipeline that will run the length of Myanmar to Kunming in southwestern China and onto Nanning, the capital of Guangxi province.

The consortium involves Daewoo International and Korean Gas of South Korea, Oil and Gas Corporation (ONCG-Videsh) and Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL) and MOGE. Hyundai Heavy Industries of South Korea was contracted by Daewoo in February to construct related offshore and onshore gas production facilities.
China’s state-run China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) secured its place as the sole buyer of the Shwe natural gas reserves in 2008. In June 2009, Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping and Myanmar deputy leader Vice Senior General Maung Aye signed a memorandum of understanding for the development, operation and management of the pipeline, which will have a capacity to transport 12 billion cubic meters of natural gasannually.

Conservative estimates indicate that Myanmar’s government will earn $1 billion per year from the pipeline over the next 30 years, with the first gas transfers expected to begin in 2013. This is in addition to the $2.5 billion to $3 billion already paid to the regime for bonuses and contract exploration rights related to the project.

Supplementing the project is the construction of a deep-sea port and crude oil storage facilities on Maday Island, near the town of Kyaukpyu, on the Arakan coast. The port will allow Chinese oil tankers to unload at the facility and pump the oil through a 771-kilometer pipeline being built alongside the natural gas pipeline to Kunming.

The oil pipeline will have the capacity to transport 22 million tonnes of crude oil annually. The port and pipeline will also allow China to avoid sending oil, by some estimates over 80% of its fuel shipments, from the Middle East and Africa through the pirate-infested and easily blocked Malacca Strait. While the port and storage facilities are scheduled to be completed this year, the pipeline is not expected to be up and running until 2013.

Blacklisted bosses
Contracts for the construction of the port facilities and some of the pipeline infrastructure have been given to Asia World and IGE. Asia World is owned by Steven Law, also known as Tun Myint Hlaing, the son of alleged drug trafficker Lo Hsing Han. Both Law and his father have been on a US visa blacklist since 1996 for suspected drug trafficking and their company is on the US Treasury Department’s sanctions list for their financial connections to the regime.

IGE, which is registered in Singapore, is owned by the sons of Myanmar Minister of Industry-1, Aung Thaung. The company is on a European Union sanctions list against junta members and their associated businesses. Aung Thaung and his sons are barred from entering the European Union and Australia under the sanctions.

The dual pipeline project has come under criticism from rights groups. They claim the deal has contributed to increased militarization along the pipeline route, land confiscation and forced labor. A Myanmar army offensive against the Kokang ethnic group along the border with China last year may have also been connected to the pipeline project. Both the military government in the Myanmar capital in Naypyidaw and officials in Beijing are keen to make sure that continued tensions between the junta and ethnic groups along the border do not cause security problems for the pipeline.

Although India will not receive any of the Shwe Gas field’s output, it is still interested in Myanmar’s offshore oil and gas potential. In February, the Indian government authorized ONCG Videsh and GAIL to move forward with their stakes in the gas pipeline to China. It also authorized a reported $1 billion investment by the companies in continued development of offshore gas fields operated by Daewoo.

Rights groups claim the profits earned by the junta from the Yadana and Yetagun gas projects already provide the means for the regime to ignore international criticism and purchase more weapons and equipment for its military. They claim the $3 billion earned annually from oil and gas projects would be better spent to improve the country’s abysmally underfunded health and education sectors.

The generals have been criticized for under-reporting their earnings from the gas projects, which are believed to make up over 60% of national income. Instead of accurately including gas revenues in its national budget, the cash received is recorded at the 30-year-old fixed exchange rate of six kyat to the dollar; the current black market rate is over 1,000 kyat to the greenback.

In a September 2009 report entitled “Total Impact”, ERI claimed that the funds not recorded went into offshore accounts at two banks in Singapore – the Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC) and the DBS Group. Both banks have officially denied the accusation.

Although oil and gas revenues fell last year due to a decline in global prices, the revenues were still significant. A MOGE representative told the ASEAN Council on Petroleum at a trade fair in November that Myanmar expected to double its output of natural gas in the next 10 years, largely from the Shwe project.

Economist Joseph Stiglitz, a Nobel laureate for economics and former World Bank head, suggested to Myanmar’s leaders in a rare seminar with a foreign expert in December 2009 that oil and gas revenues could, if used wisely, open up a new era for the impoverished country. Sean Turnell, an Australian expert on Myanmar’s economy, has suggested that oil and gas revenues could be used to shore up other parts of the economy, including initiatives that establish credit systems for farmers. So far this foreign advice has fallen on deaf ears.

Oil and gas prices and revenues are a contentious issue in Myanmar. Rapidly rising fuel prices were one of the chief factors that sparked the anti-government street demonstrations in 2007 that later became known around the world as the Buddhist monk-led “Saffron” revolution. As part of a recent move to privatize many of the junta’s business holdings, tycoon and junta favorite Tay Za has moved to secure contracts for state-run gas stations, a move that has apparently provoked anger in some Yangon business circles.

The government announced in February it would sell 256 gas stations to private companies. Tay Za, who is the chairman of the recently formed Fuel Oil Importers and Distributors Association (FOIDA) and already has the contract to operate state-run stations in northern Myanmar, is well placed to buy the stations. The vice chairman of the FOIDA is Aung Thet Mann, son of junta number three and armed forces joint chief of staff General Thura Shwe Mann.

It is unlikely however that the privatizations will extend to the state-owned MOGE and it remains unclear how the oil and gas operations will be operated under the new government that will take over after elections late this year. Analysts believe it is unlikely that the generals would allow a new minister to drastically alter the current revenue arrangements. This will be a problem for any new regime as it bids to manage more effectively – and hopefully transparently – the economy.

* Brian McCartan is a Bangkok-based freelance journalist.



Quintana says conditions not present for credible elections
Irrawaddy: Thu 6 May 2010

The United Nations special rapporteur on human rights in Burma, Tomás Ojea Quintana, said on Wednesday that the Burmese military government has not established the conditions necessary for a credible election and urged the junta to release all political prisoners in advance of the election.
“The Government of Myanmar [Burma] has not yet responded to pleas from inside and outside the country for conditions that allow credible elections,” Quintana said in a UN press release.
Tomas Ojea Quintana from Argentina, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Burma. (Photo: AP)

“These elections are important for the people of Myanmar [Burma] and provide an opportunity for real improvement in the human rights situation. However, the government needs to ensure that these elections are credible—they must be open to full participation, they must be transparent, and they must be conducted in a manner that allows for free and fair choice by the people of Myanmar [Burma],” he said.

One of the main obstacles to a free and fair election with full participation is the fact that more than 2,000 political prisoners—including Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of Burma’s main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), and members of the 88 Generation Students—are held in prisons across Burma, and the election laws forbid all of them from taking part in the election.

Quintana said that the release of prisoners of conscience would allow political parties that have decided against participation to reconsider, and would facilitate the active participation of all citizens in Burma’s first election since 1990.

After his last visit to Burma earlier this year, however, Quintana reported to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva that political prisoners in Burma are not expected to be released ahead of the polls.

Bo Kyi, the joint-secretary of Assistance Association for Political Prisoners in Burma, agreed that prisoners should be released but is not optimistic.

“All the political prisoners should be released so that they can take part in the political process,” Bo Kyi said. “I don’t anticipate general amnesty for the prisoners before the elections. But perhaps only a small number of prisoners who have almost served their terms would be freed just for show.”

Quintana said in the UN press release that the election laws do include some provisions for fair elections, such as the counting of votes in each polling station in the presence of the candidates, or their nominated agents, and members of the public.

But election commission decisions regarding political party activity are unchallengeable in any court of law, and Quintana expressed concern that the absolute powers granted to the election commission could impede the activities of political parties unless the Government guaranteed it would allow full freedom of expression and assembly.

The UN press release came the day before the Burmese election registration deadline, after which any political party that does not register will be dissolved. The NLD has already decided to face party dissolution rather than accept the Burmese regime’s controversial election laws and 2008 Constitution.



We must deny the military regime in Burma the legitimacy it craves – Mitch Mcconnell
Irrawaddy: Thu 6 May 2010

Today I rise to introduce a bill that would renew sanctions against the Burmese junta. As in years past, I am joined in this effort by my good friend, Senator Feinstein. Senators McCain, Durbin, Gregg and Lieberman are original cosponsors of this bipartisan legislation and continue to be leaders on the issue.
Renewing sanctions against the military regime in Burma is as timely and important as ever. Over the past year, the regime has not only made clear that it has no intention of reforming; it is also trying to stand up a new sham constitution and to legitimize itself in the eyes of the world through a sham election. In my view, the US must deny the regime that legitimacy.

By way of background, a little history is in order. For nearly half a century, Burma has been under some kind of military rule and every popular effort to reverse that situation has failed. In 1988, military authorities violently put down a popular uprising. Two years later, the Burmese people went to the polls and handed an overwhelming victory to the pro-democracy opposition, and the junta ignored the results. It never seated these popularly elected candidates. It jailed pro-democracy leaders like Aung San Suu Kyi. And it has maintained its brutal rule ever since.

In response to these events, the United States established on a bipartisan basis various sanctions against the Burmese regime. These include a 1997 executive order; the annual import ban which has been renewed annually since 2003; and restrictions on Burmese jade, which were enacted in 2008.

On a number of occasions since 1990 the U.S. and the UN have attempted to engage Burma diplomatically.

These include, during the Clinton Administration, a delegation led by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Thomas Hubbard; various efforts by former U.S. ambassador to the UN, Madeleine Albright; and two trips to Burma by then Congressman Bill Richardson in the mid-1990s.

Other diplomatic efforts included Assistant Secretary of State Christopher Hill’s “road map” in 2006; and overtures made by the US through China in 2007. And in 2008, Admiral Timothy Keating met with Burmese officials as part of US efforts to provide humanitarian assistance in the wake of Cyclone Nargis.

The UN, for its part, has dispatched a human rights envoy to Burma 15 times and special envoys 26 times over the past two decades. And UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon has visited Burma on two occasions.

None of these efforts has yielded anything in the way of reform. Indeed, when Burmese citizens, led by Buddhist monks, took to the streets in peaceful protest against the government and its policies in the fall of 2007, these pro-democracy protestors, much like their predecessors, were brutally suppressed.

Nonetheless, the regime has sought at various times to save face internationally. In response to this last major challenge to its authority in the fall of 2007, for example, the regime unveiled a proposed constitution.

But a quick look at the document shows that it could scarcely have been less democratic. It precluded Suu Kyi from participating in the electoral process and ensured that the charter may not be amended without the military’s blessing. The noted constitutional law professor, David Williams, of Indiana University, told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last year it was one of the worst constitutions [he has] ever seen.

What’s more, the vote to adopt this constitution took place two years ago in the immediate aftermath of Cyclone Nargis, the worst natural disaster in modern Burmese history, and international election observers were not permitted access to the country during the vote. If the regime was really interested in legitimacy, holding a vote like this in the middle of a natural disaster without election observers is not the way to do it.

So the results of this vote were roundly condemned, and for good reason. Still, despite widespread condemnation of this constitution and the circumstances surrounding its adoption, some held out hope that a subsequent election law might lead to democratic reform. But those hopes were dashed earlier this year when the regime actually issued the long-awaited election law. Among other things, the law would force the Democratic opposition, the National League for Democracy, to expel Suu Kyi if the party chose to enter any of its candidates in the upcoming national election and it forbids political prisoners and Buddhist monks from political participation.

The deadline for registering candidates and political parties under the new law is later this week, and parties that fail to register before then will be deemed illegal. In other words, the law’s practical effect would be to sideline Burma’s most prominent Democratic reformer and force its leading opposition party out of business.

We also get periodic press reports of ties between Burma and North Korea, including a particularly alarming report in recent days about an alleged weapons transfer from Pyongyang.

Now, last year, the Obama Administration initiated a review of US policy with respect to Burma. As a result of that review, the administration decided it was time for the US to take another run at engaging the regime. That’s why last summer, Secretary Clinton reportedly proposed to her Burmese counterpart at an international conference in Southeast Asia that the U.S. remove its investment ban on Burma in exchange for the unconditional release of Suu Kyi. Whatever the merits of this overture, this was a serious offer from a high-ranking US official aimed at improving bilateral relations.

Yet not only was Secretary Clinton’s offer ignored and Suu Kyi not freed, the regime actually extended Suu Kyi’s detention for another year and a half. And several months later the junta denied her appeal. It was shortly after that that the regime released the anti-democratic election law I just referred to. So however well intentioned, the administration’s policy of engagement has unfortunately met with the same fate as earlier engagement efforts, notwithstanding the fig leaves the regime occasionally holds out as supposed proof of its willingness to reform.

Clearly, the regime craves legitimization of its rule. Why else would it suddenly move to finalize the constitution it had been working on intermittently for 14 years after its rule was challenged by the nonviolent Saffron Revolution in the fall of 2007? They did it for the same reason they trotted out a transparently flawed election law earlier this year: they wanted to provide the appearance of reform where there was none. But they can’t have it both ways. If the regime wants legitimization, it must show real progress.

Secretary Clinton’s policy review toward Burma concluded that engagement along with sanctions might produce results where sanctions alone had failed. Although we have yet to see any positive results from engagement, the administration itself concedes that sanctions should remain in place. But the administration, to its credit, has been quite candid about the lack of tangible progress by the regime.

Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell acknowledged as much after the release of the Burmese election law. The US approach, he said, was to try to encourage domestic dialogue between the key stakeholders and the recent promulgation of the election criteria doesn’t leave much room for such a dialogue. It should be noted parenthetically the absence of any tangible result from engagement has nothing to do with work of American diplomats. It has everything to do with the type of regime we’re dealing with in Burma. But again, the fact remains that no progress has been made.

Legitimacy is the one thing the regime cannot impose by force. But if legitimacy is what it wants, a first step would be credible elections. And at this point there is no reason to believe that that’s even possible under the current constitution, under the current election law, and in the current political climate in Burma.

So renewing sanctions is important because it denies the junta the legitimacy it so craves. A sanctions regime says to the junta and the world in no uncertain terms that the United States does not view this government as having the support of its citizenry. It says that the United States will not be a party to recognizing the junta’s attempt to overturn the democratic elections of 1990, the last true expression of the Burmese voters. Sanctions should remain in place against the junta for the same reason the term Burma is used by friends of democracy instead of the junta’s chosen name of Myanmar because Myanmar is the name of a government that has not been chosen by its people.

In short, sanctions should remain in place because lifting sanctions would give the regime precisely what it wants; namely, legitimacy.

I strongly urge my colleagues to support sanctions renewal against the Burmese regime. And I ask unanimous consent that the text of the joint resolution be printed in the Record.



Tight censorship on reporting USDP – Wai Moe
Irrawaddy: Wed 5 May 2010

Burma’s censorship board is keeping a tight control on reporting about the junta’s Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) led by Prime Minister Thein Sein in private journals.
Journalists in Rangoon said the censorship board, the Press Scrutiny and Registration Division under the Ministry of Information, does not allow any questioning on the controversial formation of Thein Sein’s USDP, which was formed directly from the state mass organization, the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA).

Prime Minister Thein Sein with two other USDP leaders who are government officials inspecting a cement plant near Mandalay
(Photo: AP)
“Any critical questions on the formation of the USDP in journals have been removed by the censorship board,” said an editor with a Rangoon journal who requested anonymity, “But all positive writing is allowed.”

“Indirect mention or quotes in journals that contrast the formation of the USDP under Prime Minster Thein Sein with the election law have been taken out,” he said, adding that journals had published news related to the USDP on both front and inside pages this week.

However, journalists in Rangoon said reporting that the USDP is the prime minister’s party was not allowed in front page reporting. The censorship board also removed any comments about the 2008 Constitution clause that bans government officials’ involvement in political parties.

Thein Sein’s formation of a political party is controversial because analysts say he broke the junta’s own Political Party Registration Law’s chapter 4 (D) and chapter 7 (D), which bar government officials from forming political parties and using government property.

Political observers in Rangoon said the junta could practice double standards regardless, and some government sources argue that Thein Sein and other ministers are no longer government officials because they have resigned their military commissions and only play a political role.

Three days before the USDP applied to the Union Election Commission under Thein Sein’s leadership on April 29, the war office announced his retirement and that of 22 other military officials.

Despite the controversy over the junta’s USDP, the election commission approved its application along with nine other parties on Tuesday, according to an announcement in state-run-newspapers on Wednesday.

“Among the groups that submitted applications to set up political parties, the UEC [Union Election Commission] passed the following parties to set up political parties today as they are found to be in accord with Political Parties Registration Law and Rules,” reported The New Light of Myanmar.

The USDP is expected to contest all constituencies amounting to 75 percent of the total 1,158 seats of the union parliament as well as parliaments of states and divisions in Burma in the coming election later this year.

A quarter of Burma’s parliaments will be reserved for military officials appointed by the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Thursday is the deadline for the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and other remaining parties in the 1990 elections to prolong their existence by registering their parties with the current election commission.

The international community and Burmese are waiting to see whether the junta will crackdown on the opposition following the deadline for the NLD led by Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, which decided to avoid party registration in late March.

Officials from the Ministry of Information have called local journalists to a press conference in Naypyidaw on Thursday, which could mainly focus on recent bombings in Burma including the New Year festival blast in Rangoon.

The USDP party issue, the fate of the NLD and the junta’s other steps toward the election may also be on the press conference agenda.



DKBA unlikely to reunite with KNLA – Alex Ellgee
Irrawaddy: Wed 5 May 2010

Mae Sot, Thailand—Despite earlier reports that the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) might reject the Burmese junta’s border guard force (BGF) proposal and reunite with the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), rejection of the BGF proposal is uncertain and reunification with the KNLA appears unlikely.

The DKBA is a Buddhist militia group that broke away from the Karen National Union (KNU), which is mostly Christian, and its KNLA military wing in 1995.

The DKBA is viewed as a proxy army for the Burmese military junta and now controls most of the Thai-Burmese border area that was previously KNU territory. It claims to have 6,000 troops, with a planned increase to 9,000, making it Burma’s second-largest armed ethnic militia.

The Burmese junta has demanded that all armed ethnic militias join the BGF, and there are divisions within the DKBA, both at the leadership and lower levels, about whether to do so.

Col Chit Thu, the commander of DKBA Battalion 999 and the DKBA’s most powerful military commander, is reportedly in favor of joining the BGF. Saw Lar Pwe, the commander of Battalion 907, is reportedly against joining.

Also opposed to joining the BGF is U Thuzana, the DKBA’s spiritual leader and the influential abbot of Myaing Gyi Ngu monastery, who has reportedly persuaded many others to join him in opposition.

The direction the DKBA is leaning seems to change with each passing day.

According to a KNLA source in southern Karen state, the DKBA and KNLA struck a peace deal last week, implying that the DKBA would reject the BGF proposal, but since then nothing has changed.

“It appears the DKBA have gone back to their old ways,” the source said. “It’s very difficult to trust them one-hundred percent when they are still working for the SPDC [State Peace and Development Council], but we can see a part of them wants to leave the DKBA.”

Col Ner Dar, son of the late Karen leader Gen Bo Mya, told The Irrawaddy that there had been a quarrel between the DKBA and the Burmese military, but he had received reports that the dispute was already settled.

Ner Dar did not believe the DKBA would reunite with the KNLA, “because they don’t want to, and even if they did it would be difficult.”

An observer, who wished to remain anonymous for security reasons, said: “While we may see new groups forming within the DKBA, it’s unlikely there will be a reunification with the KNLA. Low level deserters can be expected, but the business interests of the DKBA leaders will keep them on the junta’s path.”

A DKBA official also told The Irrawaddy that the rumors of fighting between Burmese troops and DKBA are not true.

“We are always preparing in case of conflict, but currently nothing has happened. We don’t see fighting against Burmese army is the answer. It will not help Karen people,” he said.

On April 28, a meeting was held by senior DKBA officers, who according to initial reports decided that the DKBA should join the BGF.

But the Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) reports receiving conflicting information from sources within the DKBA, KNLA, Royal Thai Army and villagers in Pa’an District about what the senior DKBA officers based on the Thai-Burma border had agreed to, or rejected, in the meeting.

A recent report by the KHRG said that internal DKBA disagreements over the BGF could increase desertions. Some soldiers and low-ranking officers told the KHRG they oppose the plan, “while others said they will desert if the DKBA refuses [to join the BGF] because such a refusal might mean renewed conflict with the Burmese military.”

But even low-level desertions, for whatever reason, may be problematic for DKBA soldiers. Deserters face extreme retribution both from the junta and the DKBA.

According to a KNLA source in southern Karen State, half the DKBA in one brigade were close to deserting over the BGF proposal, but the junta reportedly threatened to kill the families of those who.

This was confirmed by a DKBA source, which told The Irrawaddy that DKBA soldiers have little choice but to continue under the DKBA, even if it joins the BGF. “Our families are left in SPDC controlled areas. If we choose to fight against the Burmese government, our wives and children will be slaughtered,” he said.

A recent report by the Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) said that DKBA soldiers from Chit Thu’s Battalion 999 crossed into Thailand and burned three huts in a Thai village in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province. The DKBA reportedly believed the villagers were in contact with the KNLA and were withholding information about four DKBA soldiers who recently deserted.

The KHRG report gives examples of soldiers being executed following suspicions of desertion, indicating the difficulties faced by DKBA deserters.

A former DKBA soldier, called Pah G, who was forcibly recruited at age 13, recalled in the report how his commanding officer had explicitly stated that deserters would be executed if recaptured.

“If we couldn’t escape successfully, when they recaptured us we would be killed, because the commander gave an order that if escaping soldiers were recaptured they would be punished with death,” said Pah G.



Shan party allowed to register for elections – Hseng Khio Fah
Shan Herald Agency for News: Wed 5 May 2010

The junta runs media the New Light of Myanmar on 3 May reported that the Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP) is one of the political parties that were permitted to be set up by the Union Elections Commission to contest in the forthcoming general elections.
There are altogether30 political parties that have registered for the elections, among them 24 have already passed so far. The permission depends on each party’s policy, according to UEC.

Meanwhile the Union Democratic Alliance Organization (UDAO) that was formed by the veteran Shan politician Shwe Ohn has yet to know whether its application is being considered by the UEC or not. It had applied for registration months before most of the other parties were formed. But according to CEU, the party applied only on 8 April.

The SNDP was formed in early April and applied for its registration to the Election Commission on the same day. Its party Chairman is Sai Ai Pao, the well to do salt trader from Namkham who has made his home in Rangoon and its Vice Chairman is Sai Saung Si, former elected representative of Kyaukme constituency No#2 in 1990.

The party’s aim is to pave the way for the people in Shan State to have more choices and to represent them in working for their rights and to protect them. In addition, the party is also to comply with the principles that were written in the 2008 constitution, according to its Chairman.

“We are going to contest peacefully in accordance with the constitution. We don’t oppose any party and organizations because we regard all as friends, not enemy,” Sai Ai Pao told SHAN in April.

The party plans to contest in 40 out of 55 townships in Shan State, and other than these, it is going to contest in other states and divisions: Kachin and Karenni states and Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Sagaing divisions where most Shan residents are living as well. In Burma, Shan has the second biggest population after the Burman.

The party is already known by the local people in Shan State North as Kyar Phyu Party (White Tiger Party).

Apart from the SNDP, another party called Northern Shan State Progressive Party (Northern-SSPP) led by Chan Khaw, is also expected to be contesting in Shan State North. It applied for its registration on 23 April. Its headquarters is based in Lashio, the capital town of the Shan State North. But it is yet to be known whether its application will be approved or not.

At present, the SNDP has reportedly selected two candidates for Muse and one for Namkham townships, northern Shan State to compete in the area. The two from Muse are Sai Mawk Kham Soi (aka) Sai Phoe Aung and Sai Phoe Myat, both former chairmen of Muse Shan Literature and Culture Association (Muse-SLCA). The candidate in Namkham is Sai Ohn Kyaw, a veterinary surgeon, according to local residents in Muse. “They have yet to start their campaigns.”

According to reports from the junta, in Shan State East’s Pongpakhem subtownship of Mongton Township, opposite Chiangmai, alone will have 23 polling booths, according to sources from the Thai-Burma border.

Security service for each polling station will be three tiered: the first by the Elections Commission and Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC), the second by the police, Red Cross and fire brigades and the last by militia units and the Burma Army.

At the same time, local businessmen are also being urged by the junta to become members of its Union Solidarity Development Party (USDP).

It had also in April instructed both regional and divisional level commands to carry out census and compile lists of eligible voters within their respective areas, said a source close to the junta officials on the Thai border.



Myanmar introduces visas on arrival for tourists
Reuters: Tue 4 May 2010

Yangon – Myanmar’s military government will offer visas on arrival to boost the country’s nascent tourism sector, a travel industry official said on Tuesday.

Tourist visas, which are normally arranged days in advance at an embassy abroad, will be now be available at international airports in Mandalay and the biggest city, Yangon, said Tin Tun Aung, secretary of the Myanmar Travel Entrepreneurs Association.

“We heartily welcome it,” Tin Tun Aung told Reuters. “I’m sure it will have a strong impact on tourist arrivals to our country.”

The cost of the visa will be $30 and would be valid for 28 days, he added.

Although Myanmar is rich in jungles, beaches and mountains and is dotted with hundreds of golden Buddhist temples, its tourism industry remains largely undeveloped.

Total tourist arrivals in Myanmar during for the fiscal year 2009-2010 stood at 300,000, compared with 255,288 for the same period a year earlier. Some 315,536 people traveled to Myanmar in the 2005-2006 period, official data showed.

Those figures are dwarfed by neighboring Thailand, which drew 14.1 million tourists last year.

Many potential visitors are deterred by the poor reputation of the country and its hardline military rulers, who are accused of corruption, stifling democratic freedoms and presiding over decades of human rights abuses.

Myanmar’s government plans to hold its first election in two decades some time this year and is on a drive to privatize numerous industries, including shipping and air travel, to attract more foreign investment, which has been restricted by Western sanctions on the regime.

(Reporting by Aung Hla Tun; Writing by Martin Petty; Editing by Alex Richardson)



Myanmar border trade hits 1.3 bln USD in 2009-10
Xinhua: Tue 4 May 2010

Yangon — Myanmar’s border trade hit 1.38 billion U.S. dollars in the previous 2009-10 fiscal year which ended in March, representing the highest annual trade of its kind in the past five years, the local Weekly Eleven reported Monday.
Of the total border trade with four neighboring countries of China, Thailand, India and Bangladesh, Myanmar’s export amounted 660 million dollars whereas its import stood over 710 million dollars.

Myanmar has a total of 14 border trade points with these neighboring countries.

The border trade volume during the past consecutive years were registered as 1.34 billion dollars in 2008-09, 1.32 billion dollars in 2007-08, 1.09 billion dollars in 2006-07 and 716 million dollars in 2005-06.

Myanmar mostly exports agricultural, animal, marine, mineral, forestry products and finished goods, whereas the country imports cement, agricultural machinery and its spare parts, computer and electronic devices, motor cars, motorcycles, mobile phones and their accessories.



Than Shwe a predator, says media watchdog – Ko Htwe
Irrawaddy: Tue 4 May 2010

Burmese military government strongman Snr-Gen Than Shwe has made the Top 40—on an annual list of the world’s “Predators of Press Freedom,” which was released by Reporters Without Borders on Monday to mark World Press Freedom Day.
“The general, who began his military career in psychological warfare, can rely on the army to impose order through fear,” an accompanying statement said. “His henchmen continue to hunt down journalists suspected of sending information and video footage abroad that show the disastrous state of the country.”
A policeman reads a newspaper while on duty at the Supreme Court in Rangoon. (Photo: Reuters)

Noting that Than Shwe has decided to hold a general election this year, Reporters Without Borders said that he is nevertheless “refusing to loosen his grip on the media and Internet.”

In its introduction to the press statement, Reporters Without Borders said, “There are 40 names on this year’s list of ‘Predators of Press Freedom’—40 politicians, government officials, religious leaders, militias and criminal organizations that cannot stand the press, treat it as an enemy and directly attack journalists. They are powerful, dangerous, violent and above the law.”

Than Shwe is listed alongside North Korean despot Kim Jong-il, Zimbabwe’s Robert Mugabe, Saudi Arabian Prime Minister Abdallah ibn Abdulaziz Al-Saud and murderous organizations such as ETA from northern Spain, FARC from Colombia and the Israeli Defence Forces.

Meanwhile, in a statement issued on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day, US government included Burma in a group of countries—Belarus, China, Cuba, Eritrea, North Korea, Tunisia, Uzbekistan and Venezuela—where journalists who write articles critical of government leaders and their policies are imprisoned,

Noting that 2009 was a bad year for the freedom of the press worldwide, President Barack Obama said: “While people gained greater access than ever before to information through the Internet, cell phones and other forms of connective technologies, governments like China, Ethiopia, Iran, and Venezuela curtailed freedom of expression by limiting full access to and use of these technologies.”

In Burma, the Press Scrutiny and Registration division (PSRD) routinely inspects and censors books, journals and newspapers. Any media criticism of the military junta is strictly forbidden.

“We are writing under the constant shadow of the government,” a Rangoon-based journalist told The Irrawaddy on Tuesday. “Press freedom is simply not real.”

Recently, the PSRD allowed news journals to publish political sections carrying interviews with newly formed political parties, their leaders and their policies. Rangoon-based The Ray of Light Weekly ran interview with two central executive committee members of the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and published their reasons for not competing in this year’s election.

“The government is interested in party registration and wants to keep tabs on the NLD. That’s why they allowed that interview,” said Maung Wuntha, a well-known journalist in Rangoon.

Several editors in Burma said the military government will only permit articles and commentaries that favor the pro-junta parties.

“I have personal experience that if I write an anti-junta commentary, the government will take it out after it is submitted to the censorship board,” said an editor.

Most editors of news journals in Burma want to publish balanced and unbiased articles pertaining to the election, but some are under the influence of political entities, he added.

Burma’s most prominent journalist, Win Tin, who is also a leading member of the NLD, said that “during the election period, I think there will be no freedom of the press. Sometimes, freedom has to break out, but we will have to struggle all the way.”

Hla Hla Win, a young video reporter for the exiled Democratic Voice of Burma was sentenced to 20 years in prison for sending sensitive images abroad.

Sources said pro-government journals and newspapers, such as The Voice, are allowed more editorial freedom. Its editor, Dr Nay Win Maung, is well-known for his right-wing views and pro-junta stance. He is also publisher of Living Color magazine in Rangoon and the co-founder of Rangoon-based NGO EGRESS, which belongs to the so-called “Third Force” in Burma—a group founded during the International Burma Studies conference in Singapore in mid-2006 that is neither pro-junta nor pro-opposition. They advocate engagement and a business-friendly policy with the junta, and are anti-sanctions.

According to Ohn Kyaing, a former journalist and member of the NLD, press freedom inside Burma is one-sided. “Freedom only exists on one side. I don’t believe freedom is balanced. If they wanted balance in the media, they would dissolve the PSRD,” he said.

* Lalit K Jha from Washington also contributed to this article.



Myanmar junta members go civilian – Seth Mydans
New York Times: Mon 3 May 2010

Bangkok — It is an obvious move when generals in a military junta decide to step aside in favor of civilian rule: shed military ranks and uniforms and transform themselves into civilians.Last week, several cabinet members in Myanmar’s junta did a quick change, resigning from the armed forces, apparently in preparation for parliamentary elections expected later this year.

Under a new Constitution adopted in 2008, the military that has ruled Myanmar, formerly Burma, since 1962 is preparing to replace itself with a civilian government that includes a 440-member House of Representatives.

The new legislature will set aside 25 percent of its seats for serving military officers, a number that could be augmented by former officers in civilian clothes.

Many foreign analysts, as well as Myanmar’s opposition party, the National League for Democracy, have called the elections a false front intended to put a civilian face on the military’s continued grip on power.

According to the official press, the prime minister, Gen. Thein Sein, and 22 cabinet ministers gave up their uniforms on Monday, a move that was not unexpected in advance of the elections. They maintained their cabinet positions, however, perhaps a foretaste of the civilian governments to come.

The addition of those and any other newly resigned officers would ensure an even greater role for the military in the legislature, which in any case is not expected by foreign analysts to be independent of the country’s top leadership. Under the new Constitution, that leadership will also be dominated by serving military officers, with the armed forces chief remaining the country’s most powerful figure.

The Constitution requires a candidate to be a member of a political party, and last week the official press reported that after shedding his uniform, Prime Minister Thein Sein, now a civilian, had applied to form a new party.

On the opposition side, the National League for Democracy, headed by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, has announced that it will not participate in the elections, which it condemned as unfair and undemocratic.

That party won the last elections, in 1990, by a landslide but was prevented from assuming office by the ruling junta, which maintained its grip on power.

Many of the party’s members have been arrested since then, and Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi has spent most of the past 20 years under house arrest. The Constitution bars people with criminal records from running for office.

Analysts say Myanmar’s half-step toward democracy could begin a long, slow process of greater accountability, at least on a local level. In any case, the military so thoroughly permeates the government, bureaucracy and economy of Myanmar that it is likely to retain vast influence in all areas of life, no matter what shape the government takes.

It has been a long-term project for the military junta to seek the legitimacy, at least in form, of an electoral mandate. Its goal is what it calls “discipline flourishing democracy,” which would presumably avoid the undisciplined clash of interests in more open Western-style democracies.

Its neighbors in Southeast Asia present a range of democratic and nondemocratic formulas of government, including the disciplined parliamentary systems of Singapore and Cambodia, with their virtual one-party rule.

But since the overthrow of President Suharto in Indonesia in 1998, none of them have been governed by the military, which analysts say is still likely to be the case in Myanmar despite its civilian format.



Japanese companies sign hydropower deal with Myanmar
Xinhua: Mon 3 May 2010

Two Japanese companies have reached respective contract agreements with Myanmar’s power authorities to provide related services to a hydropower project in the country, an official daily reported yesterday. One agreement on consulting services of in-house engineering services was signed between the NEWJEC Inc of Japan and Myanmar’s Ministry of Electric Power-1, while the other on concrete work of the Upper Yeywa hydropower project was between the High Tech Concrete Technology Co Ltd of Japan and the Myanmar ministry in Nay Pyi Taw on Friday, said the New Light of Myanmar.

The Upper Yeywa hydropower project is a follow-up one of the Yeywa project, which is nearly-completed.

The 790-megawatt (mw) Yeywa hydropower plant is said to mainly distribute electricity to the commercial city of Yangon.

One of its four turbines with 180 mw started its test-run in February to generate power and the full run is expected by this month.

The Yeywa hydropower plant, which lies on the Myitnge River, 50 kilometers southeast of Mandalay, is being implemented by the Ministry of Electric Power-1.

The hydropower plant, which costs 600 million U.S. dollars, will produce 3.55 billion kilowatt-hours (kwh) annually on total completion and its generating capacity represents 70 per cent of about 5 billion kwh being generated by 15 power plants.



Breaking Burma’s isolation – Wesley K. Clark, Henrietta H. Fore and Suzanne DiMaggio
Project Syndicate: Mon 3 May 2010

NEW YORK – The Obama administration’s decision to seek a new way forward in United States-Burma relations recognizes that decades of trying to isolate Burma (Myanmar) in order to change the behavior of its government have achieved little. With Burma’s ruling generals preparing to hold elections later this year – for the first time since 1990 – it is time to try something different.Attempting to engage one of the world’s most authoritarian governments will not be easy. There is no evidence to indicate that Burma’s leaders will respond positively to the Obama administration’s central message, which calls for releasing the estimated 2,100 political prisoners (including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi), engaging in genuine dialogue with the opposition, and allowing fair and inclusive elections. In fact, the recently enacted electoral laws, which have been met with international condemnation, already point to a process that lacks credibility.

This past fall, we convened a task force under the auspices of the Asia Society to consider how the US can best pursue a path of engagement with Burma. We concluded that the US must ensure that its policies do not inadvertently support or encourage authoritarian and corrupt elements in Burmese society. At the same time, if the US sets the bar too high at the outset, it will deny itself an effective role in helping to move Burma away from authoritarian rule and into the world community.

During this period of uncertainty, we recommend framing US policy toward Burma on the basis of changes taking place in the country, using both engagement and sanctions to encourage reform. The Obama administration’s decision to maintain trade and investment sanctions on Burma in the absence of meaningful change, particularly with regard to the Burmese government’s intolerance of political opposition, is correct.

Yet there are other measures that should be pursued now. The US should engage not only with Burma’s leaders, but also with a wide range of groups inside the country to encourage the dialogue necessary to bring about national reconciliation of the military, democracy groups, and non-Burmese nationalities. The removal by the US of some noneconomic sanctions designed to restrict official bilateral interaction is welcome, and an even greater relaxation in communications, through both official and unofficial channels, should be implemented. Expanding such channels, especially during a period of potential political change, will strengthen US leverage.

To reach the Burmese people directly, the US should continue to develop and scale up assistance programs, while preserving cross-border assistance. Assistance to non-governmental organizations should be expanded, and US assistance also should be targeted toward small farmers and small- and medium-sized businesses. Educational exchanges under the Fulbright and Humphrey Scholar programs and cultural outreach activities should be increased. These programs produce powerful agents for community development in Burma, and can significantly improve the prospects for better governance.

US policy should shift to a more robust phase if Burmese leaders begin to relax political restrictions, institute economic reforms, and advance human rights. If there is no movement on these fronts, there will likely be pressure in the US for tightening sanctions. If there is no recourse but to pursue stronger sanctions, the US should coordinate with others, including the European Union and ASEAN, to impose targeted financial and banking measures to ensure that military leaders and their associates cannot evade the impact of what otherwise would be less-effective unilateral sanctions.

If a different scenario emerges, it should open the way for a much more active US role in assisting with capacity building, governance training, and international efforts to encourage economic reforms. One priority should be the development of an appropriate mechanism for ensuring that revenues from the sale of natural gas are properly accounted for, repatriated, and allocated to meet urgent national needs.

In adjusting its policy toward Burma, the US must face reality with a clear vision of what its foreign policy can achieve. US influence in Burma is unlikely to outweigh that of increasingly powerful Asian neighbors. Therefore, the US should make collaboration with other key stakeholders, particularly ASEAN, the United Nations, and Burma’s neighbors – including China, India and Japan – the centerpiece of its policy.

In every respect, conditions in Burma are among the direst of any country in the world, and it will take decades, if not generations, to reverse current downward trends and create a foundation for a sustainable and viable democratic government and a prosperous society. The US needs to position itself to respond effectively and flexibly to the twists and turns that a potential transition in Burma may take over time, with an eye toward pressing the Burmese leadership to move in positive directions.



Burma’s ‘elections’ should not be recognized – Nehginpao Kipgen
Sydney Morning Herald: Mon 3 May 2010

In an annual routine policy review, the European Union extended economic sanctions against the military-ruled Burma for another year on April 26, 2010. With the continued political imbroglio in this South-East Asian nation, the decision was not something unexpected.The sanctions, which include a travel ban and a freeze of assets of enterprises owned by members of the ruling junta and people associated with them, is aimed at bringing the military leadership to the path of dialogue that would eventually lead Burma to democracy.

The European Union wants to see the establishment of a democratically elected civilian government that engages in socio-economic development, and respects human rights while rebuilding relations with the international community.

The European Union renewed its call for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the opposition and general secretary of the National League for Democracy, and also offered to hold dialogue with the junta if it makes a tangible democratic progress.

Given its history of recalcitrance, the military junta is unlikely to give in to the calls of the European Union. Nevertheless, the junta in its own way is seeking recognition, if not endorsement, from the international community.

With years of criticisms and pressures from the international community, the military leaders plan to legitimise their rule by holding a general election. The goal is to transform the dictatorial-type of regime to a civilian form of government, where the ultimate power rests in the hands of military.

There are two important reasons, among others, that concern the military leadership in terms of losing its power to a civilian government – safety and control.

After decades of brutality on its own people, the military leadership is concerned about their own safety under a democratically elected government. The trial and execution of former military leaders in Iraq is something that probably worries the Burmese military leaders.

With the different ethnic nationalities demanding political autonomy, the junta is wary of any decentralisation of the Burmese society. Under the present system, the military controls all branches of the government – legislative, executive and judiciary.

It is symbolically significant, at this juncture, to the Burmese opposition that the European Union has extended sanctions for another year. The move can be construed as support for the democratic movement. However, this initiative will remain unyielding as long as there is economic engagement by countries such as China, India, and members of the Association of South-East Asian Nations.

It is not the European Union that is solely responsible for Burma’s policy failure. It is the conflicting approaches of engagement and sanctions that make the international community’s strategy ineffective.

Beyond economic sanctions, what the European Union can possibly do is to lobby and convince its international partners, at least the Western countries, not to recognise the result of the election if held under the existing restrictive laws.

It could also strive to formulate a co-ordinated international strategy to effectively deal with the military junta.

If the European Union, together with its international partners, decides not to recognise the election result, the Burmese military junta will lack the global legitimacy it pursues.

Regardless of the outcome of general election, Burma’s decades-old conflicts will continue as long as suppression of ethnic minorities is unabated, and their fundamental rights are denied.

* Nehginpao Kipgen is a researcher on the rise of political conflicts in modern Burma (1947-2004) and general secretary of the U.S.-based Kuki International Forum (www.kukiforum.com). He is a regular contributor to The National Times.
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#753 From: Noor Samad <norsam.bcjp@...>
Date: Mon May 17, 2010 9:15 am
Subject: Check out my photos on Facebook
rodinsam16
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facebook
Noor Samad
Noor Samad has:
268 friends
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Check out my photos on Facebook


Hi,

I set up a Facebook profile where I can post my pictures, videos and events and I want to add you as a friend so you can see it. First, you need to join Facebook! Once you join, you can also create your own profile.

Thanks,
Noor

To sign up for Facebook, follow the link below:
http://www.facebook.com/p.php?i=1144480430&k=Z5AX4VW6V5TF6BD1PBVTVPVQTRIB4Z2D3RGPK&r
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#754 From: Max Ediger <ediger.max@...>
Date: Tue Jun 1, 2010 7:06 am
Subject: peace in Palestine and Israel
maxediger
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Friends:  Most of you have surely heard of the attack by Israel on boats brings emergency supplies to Gaza.  The information is still not compltet so we do not know the whole story, but what we do know is that the people in Gaza have been suffering for a very long time already and now their suffering is even greater.
 
A week-long movement for peace in Palestine and Israel started yesterday (Monday) and although it was started by a Christian movement, all people of all faiths are urged to participate.  You can see information about this movement at http://www.oikoumene.org/en/programmes/public-witness-addressing-power-affirming-peace/churches-in-the-middle-east/pief/pief-home.html
 
Peace......max

--
Victory breeds hatred, for the conquered is unhappy. Persons who have given up both victory and defeat, the contented, they are happy. (Buddhist wisdom)
"Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence."
 --  Robert Frost


#755 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Wed Jun 2, 2010 7:24 am
Subject: [FaithPeace] Faith and Peace Newsletter - 31/5/10
piapi
Send Email Send Email
 

May 2010

Doctrine Divides, Action Unites

 
 
 ۩ Home Page
 ۩ School of Peace
 ۩ Faith and Peace Archives
 ۩ Photos and events
 ۩ Who are we

 

Contents


Identity, Resistance and Liberation
Samden Ghale

In this article, a Nepalese participant at the 14-week School of Peace (SOP) conducted by Interfaith Cooperation Forum (ICF) in Bangalore, India, reflects on what she has discovered from the theme of the first module of the 2010 SOP, “Self, the Other and Community.” [Read more]


An Internal Struggle over Caste-Based Discrimination
Kathleen Cecille Martin

A SOP participant from the Philippines courageously confronts the feelings within herself in her reflection on the second SOP module, “Conflict, Violence and War.” [Read more]


Islamic Principles vs. Islamic State in Indonesia
Blake Respini and Herdi Sahrasad

The role of Islam in the ongoing political development of Indonesia and its role in forming the national identity of the country are some of the central topics discussed by the authors in this article. [Read more]


Freedom of Religion in Indonesia: Multiple Choices Not Short Answer

In this article published in Caveat by the Community Legal Aid Institute, or LBH Masyarakat, in Jakarta, the level of religious tolerance in the country is discussed in depth. Of particular concern is the persecution of the Ahmadiyya community and the constitutionality of the 1965 blasphemy law that is currently being reviewed by the Constitutional Court.
http://lbhmasyarakat.org/admin/dataupload/CAVEAT%20-%20Vol%2009%20-%20II%20-%202010.pdf


Indonesia’s Multicultural Islam in Action
Agung Yudhawiranata

Highlighted in this article is the Sekaten Festival on the island of Java that celebrates the birthday of the prophet Muhammad, a festival that weaves together both Islam and the local Javanese culture. [Read more]


Post-presidential Election Realities
A Ray of Hope for Detainees on Security Charges in the Far South?
Pratchaya Toe-e-tae

People in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand—Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala—have lived with violence nearly every day since 2004. The author of this article describes why the people of these provinces also feel that they also must deal with a discriminatory justice system as well. [Read more]


There’s Hope for Peace through Faith
Sanitsuda Ekachai

Respecting the moral responsibility inherent in Islam would lead to a different form of governance in Thailand to resolve both local and national problems in the country, according to this article. [Read more]


Celebrating Extraordinary Muslim Women
Salma Hasan Ali

The author describes the life and work of three Muslim women in Afghanistan, the Middle East and Pakistan as a way not only to recognize their achievements but to also counter the stereotypes often associated with Muslim women. [Read more]


Iranian Women Rally against Polygamy
Sahar Sepehri

Women’s organizations in Iran are fighting against enactment of a law currently being considered by Iran’s Parliament that will expand the ability of Iranian men to marry a second wife. [Read more]


Interfaith Human Rights Workshop Exposed to Moro Struggle
Bruce Van Voorhis

ICF held a workshop in August 2009 in the Philippines to discuss an issue that many ICF activists confront every day—human rights violations. In addition to learning about ways to respond to the ongoing denial of people’s rights in their communities, the setting of the workshop in Mindanao provided the participants with an opportunity to learn more about the decades of struggle of the Moro people—the Muslim community of the country—and to meet some of those whose lives have been impacted by the conflict between the government and the Moros. [Read more]

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#756 From: shreeram chaudhary <chaudhary_srmail@...>
Date: Wed Jun 2, 2010 8:03 am
Subject: Re: [FaithPeace] Faith and Peace Newsletter - 31/5/10
chaudhary_srmail@...
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Dear Sir
Namaste,
Thank you for sending news letter.
Regards
Shreeram
Nepal
--- On Wed, 2/6/10, CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...> wrote:

From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Subject: [justpeaceinasia] [FaithPeace] Faith and Peace Newsletter - 31/5/10
To: faithpeace@...
Date: Wednesday, 2 June, 2010, 8:24 AM

May 2010

Doctrine Divides, Action Unites

 
 
 Ű© Home Page
 Ű© School of Peace
 Ű© Faith and Peace Archives
 Ű© Photos and events
 Ű© Who are we

 

Contents


â–ş Identity, Resistance and Liberation
Samden Ghale

In this article, a Nepalese participant at the 14-week School of Peace (SOP) conducted by Interfaith Cooperation Forum (ICF) in Bangalore, India, reflects on what she has discovered from the theme of the first module of the 2010 SOP, “Self, the Other and Community.” [Read more]


â–ş An Internal Struggle over Caste-Based Discrimination
Kathleen Cecille Martin

A SOP participant from the Philippines courageously confronts the feelings within herself in her reflection on the second SOP module, “Conflict, Violence and War.” [Read more]


â–ş Islamic Principles vs. Islamic State in Indonesia
Blake Respini and Herdi Sahrasad

The role of Islam in the ongoing political development of Indonesia and its role in forming the national identity of the country are some of the central topics discussed by the authors in this article. [Read more]


â–ş Freedom of Religion in Indonesia: Multiple Choices Not Short Answer

In this article published in Caveat by the Community Legal Aid Institute, or LBH Masyarakat, in Jakarta, the level of religious tolerance in the country is discussed in depth. Of particular concern is the persecution of the Ahmadiyya community and the constitutionality of the 1965 blasphemy law that is currently being reviewed by the Constitutional Court.
http://lbhmasyarakat.org/admin/dataupload/CAVEAT%20-%20Vol%2009%20-%20II%20-%202010.pdf


► Indonesia’s Multicultural Islam in Action
Agung Yudhawiranata

Highlighted in this article is the Sekaten Festival on the island of Java that celebrates the birthday of the prophet Muhammad, a festival that weaves together both Islam and the local Javanese culture. [Read more]


â–ş Post-presidential Election Realities
A Ray of Hope for Detainees on Security Charges in the Far South?
Pratchaya Toe-e-tae

People in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand—Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala—have lived with violence nearly every day since 2004. The author of this article describes why the people of these provinces also feel that they also must deal with a discriminatory justice system as well. [Read more]


► There’s Hope for Peace through Faith
Sanitsuda Ekachai

Respecting the moral responsibility inherent in Islam would lead to a different form of governance in Thailand to resolve both local and national problems in the country, according to this article. [Read more]


â–ş Celebrating Extraordinary Muslim Women
Salma Hasan Ali

The author describes the life and work of three Muslim women in Afghanistan, the Middle East and Pakistan as a way not only to recognize their achievements but to also counter the stereotypes often associated with Muslim women. [Read more]


â–ş Iranian Women Rally against Polygamy
Sahar Sepehri

Women’s organizations in Iran are fighting against enactment of a law currently being considered by Iran’s Parliament that will expand the ability of Iranian men to marry a second wife. [Read more]


â–ş Interfaith Human Rights Workshop Exposed to Moro Struggle
Bruce Van Voorhis

ICF held a workshop in August 2009 in the Philippines to discuss an issue that many ICF activists confront every day—human rights violations. In addition to learning about ways to respond to the ongoing denial of people’s rights in their communities, the setting of the workshop in Mindanao provided the participants with an opportunity to learn more about the decades of struggle of the Moro people—the Muslim community of the country—and to meet some of those whose lives have been impacted by the conflict between the government and the Moros. [Read more]

e-mail : forumicf@...

   

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#757 From: CHAN Beng Seng <bengseng@...>
Date: Thu Jun 10, 2010 9:59 am
Subject: [Readingroom] Re-sending: News on Burma - 5/6/10
piapi
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  1. Burma’s military budget to increase significantly
  2. National Library goes in regime’s latest property sale
  3. Desperate plight of Burma’s Rohingya people
  4. Most trafficking victims in Thailand ‘are Burmese’
  5. Burma tops ‘worst of the worst’ list of human rights violators
  6. Report says Burma is taking steps toward nuclear weapons program
  7. Myanmar’s nuclear bombshell
  8. Expert says Burma ‘planning nuclear bomb’
  9. Ethnic leaders dividing community
  10. EU neighbours sign up to Myanmar sanctions
  11. Caught between a vote and a hard place
  12. Myanmar’s military ambitions
  13. The international community’s naive beliefs on Burma
  14. Sanctioning disaster
  15. Depayin masterminds wield power in USDP
  16. Insein court tacks 10 years on to youth’s term
  17. Burma intelligence probes political inmates
  18. Five facts about China-Myanmar relations
  19. The ghost of elections past
  20. Than Shwe’s electronic dream
  21. Transocean drilled in Burmese waters linked to drug lord
  22. North Korea exporting nuke technology to Burma: UN experts

 



Burma’s military budget to increase significantly
Irrawaddy: Fri 4 Jun 2010

At the four-monthly meeting of Burma’s top generals held in Naypyidaw during the last week of May, the junta significantly increased its military budget from last year, according to sources close to the Burmese military. A military source told The Irrawaddy on Thursday that although the amount budgeted to the military is unavailable, it is known to be much larger than last year’s military budget.

“The money allocated to the military was budgeted under the heading ‘Defense Budget’, but there was no specific line items for separate expenses,” he said.

The military source added, however, that it is generally believed that large military equipment purchases will be made within the next six months.

In 2009, Burma signed a contract with Russia for the purchase of 20 MiG-29 jet fighters at a cost of nearly US $570 million.

Analysts believe that many of Burma’s future military purchases may come from North Korea.

According to a report by UN experts obtained by The Associated Press last month, North Korea is exporting nuclear and ballistic missile technology and using multiple intermediaries, shell companies and overseas criminal networks to circumvent UN sanctions.

The UN’s seven-member panel monitoring the implementation of sanctions against North Korea said its research indicates that Pyongyang is involved in banned nuclear and ballistic activities in Iran, Syria and Burma.

In November 2008, Gen Thura Shwe Mann, the regime’s No 3 ranking general, made a secret visit to North Korea and signed a memorandum of understanding, officially formalizing military cooperation between Burma and North Korea with his North Korean counterpart, Gen Kim Kyok-sik.

During his trip to Pyongyang, Shwe Mann also visited sites of secret tunnel complexes built into the sides of mountains to store and shield jet aircraft, missiles, tanks and nuclear and chemical weapons.

In addition, according to Burmese Maj Sai Thein Win, a former deputy commander of a top-secret military factory who defected and brought with him top secret documents and photographs about Burma’s nuclear projects, secret underground bunkers and tunnels have been built at many locations in Burma.

Sai Thein Win, who was trained in Burma as a defense engineer and later in Russia as a missile expert, said that about 10,000 Burmese officials have been sent to Russia thus far to study military technology, including nuclear technology.

Sai Thein Win also said in a report that Burma is trying to build medium-range missiles such as SCUDs under a memorandum of understanding with North Korea. “Burma wants to have rockets and nuclear warheads. Burma wants to be a nuclear power,” Sai Thein Win said.

One reason the regime is able to increase its military budget and import expensive military equipment and technology may be its expected increase in energy revenues.

A study by the Washington-based United States Institute of Peace said that Burma’s export earnings from the country’s growing energy sector will double in the next five years, due mainly to oil and gas transit pipelines now being built from Burma to China. The Institute said the calculation is based on energy exports—mostly gas—accounting for at least 45 percent of the $6.6 billion earnings declared by Burmese interests in 2008.

Burma’s military regime is infamous for spending a large percentage of its national budget on the military, rather than on education, health and other public services. According to Burma military experts, 40 to 60 percent of the national budget is allocated to the military.

In contrast, 0.4 percent of the national budget is spent on healthcare, while 0.5 percent is spent for education, according to a report released in 2007 by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a think-tank based in London.

In other news regarding the four-monthly meeting, according to military sources there was no major military reshuffle in Naypyidaw.



National Library goes in regime’s latest property sale – Nayee Lin Latt
Irrawaddy: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Burma’s National Library and a TV studio complex are among five state-owned buildings sold to private investors, according to informed sources in Rangoon.Apart from the National Library, the regime has shed itself of the MRTV 3 news and studio complex, the People’s Department Store, the Yadanapon Theater and a six-story office building, said sources close to the regime’s Privatization Commission.

The buildings were among more than 20 administered by the regime’s Department of Human Settlement and Housing Department. The buildings that are still unsold belong to the Ministry of Industry No. 1, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Ministry of Health, Rangoon Division Department of Health, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Energy and Ministry of Co-operatives.

A Privatization Commission official said that since late 2009 a total of 147 state-owned buildings, including factories and government ministry offices, had been sold off.

A Rangoon Municipal Committee engineer said the sale was aimed at offering “economic opportunities” not only to business investors but also to the “general public.”

One of the customers in the latest sell out, however, was the Shwe Taung Development Co., Ltd., which enjoys a close relationship with the regime. It paid 130 billion kyat (about US $13 million) for the MRTV 3 complex.

The National Library went for only about 100 million kyat ($100,000), while the Yadanapon Theater, which belonged to the Myanma Motion Picture Enterprise of the Ministry of Information, fetched more than 920 million kyat (nearly $1 million).

One businessman with close contacts to regime officials suggested that state-run property was being sold off to raise funds for the development of the government quarter in Naypyidaw and help finance the upcoming election.

A retired professor from Rangoon’s University of Economics expressed sorrow at the sale of the National Library, saying it contradicted an official statement assuring support for Burmese literature.



Desperate plight of Burma’s Rohingya people
BBC News: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Nasima, 22, is from the Rohingya ethnic group, a Muslim minority that lives in western Burma. Rights groups say it is one of the most persecuted communities in the world – they were made stateless in 1982, and deemed to be illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.Several hundred thousand have since crossed into Bangladesh, where people speak a similar language. This year Dhaka has been accused of arresting hundreds of Rohingya and forcing them over the border – claims the government denies. It says it is too poor to help them. The BBC’s Mark Dummett spoke to Nasima in the Kutupalong makeshift camp, which is now home to more than 30,000 Rohingyas.

“In Burma my people face persecution, so that’s why we come to Bangladesh,” Nasima said.

“In my family’s case, we came under pressure from the government because we had some property.

“One day, the army accused my father of sheltering someone who had just returned from Bangladesh. Anyone who comes back to Burma is sent to jail, so it is illegal to look after them. But that accusation was false.

“They took my father to a military camp and beat him up. After seven days they sent us his blood-stained clothes and said they would kill him.

“So we sold all our cattle and chickens at the market. We sent that money to the camp and they then released him.

“Later, my brother was attacked by some Buddhist people. He was badly injured and after lots of suffering he eventually died.

“As I grew up, my father decided that I wasn’t safe in Burma. The government doesn’t let us marry so he told me to leave for Bangladesh.

“We had a relative who was handicapped and a beggar, and she agreed to look after me.

“We took a boat over the river and it was very dangerous. On the other side we were stopped by the Bangladesh Rifles [BDR].

“They demanded bribes of 100 taka each [$1.50] to let us through, but we only had 100 taka between us.

“‘You must leave the girl with us then,’ the BDR men said. But my relative refused and argued that she could not move without me helping her. So finally they let us through.”

Police raid

Nasima said: “I already had one sister in Bangladesh but I didn’t know where she was living. So we went to Cox’s Bazar and lived as beggars.

“Sometimes people would give us a little rice or a bit of money to survive.

“Finally I met a man who knew my sister. She was living in Alikadam, and her husband came and got me.

“I lived there for two years, working as a farm labourer. Life was fine, and I was able to marry and have a child.

“But five days after the baby was born the police arrived. They came without warning when we were having dinner.

“They rounded up all the Burmese men including my husband and my sister’s husband and put them in a police truck.

“I told the police that I had a newborn and that we could not survive without my husband.

“I begged them to let him stay, but they said that the Rohingya should expect no mercy. So I told them to take me too.

“They put me into the lorry and drove us to the river.

“They found a fishing boat and threatened to beat up the captain if he didn’t take us to the other side – to Burma.

“Once we got there, he told us that he had seen some other Rohingyas being shot by the Nasaka [the Burmese border guards], and he told us how to follow the river upstream and then sneak back into Bangladesh.

“We walked the whole night and then finally in the morning we got back to this side.

“That’s when I noticed there was something wrong with my baby. He had died during the journey and I hadn’t even realised it. We dug a small hole with our bare hands and buried him there.

“We came to a road and waved to a passing jeep. We begged the driver to save our lives and take us away from there. All I had to pay him with was my scarf.

“He had heard about the Kutupalong camp and said that the Rohingya were safe there.

“One week after arriving at the camp my husband said he had to go and find work. He left and I have no idea where he is now.

“I survive by going into the jungle and collecting firewood to sell. If I collect some, I can then eat a little.

“This week I have only had three meals. But I am living alone. It is much worse for some of the families with 10 or 11 mouths to feed.

“Death would be better than this life.”



Most trafficking victims in Thailand ‘are Burmese’ – Usa Pichai
Mizzima News: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Chiang Mai – Burmese workers rank the highest in numbers of human-trafficking victims in Thailand, while a labour shortage in the kingdom’s expanding fisheries industry is set to exacerbate the problem, rights groups say.Sompong Sakaew, director of the Labour Rights Promotion Network, told Mizzima today that human trafficking in Thailand was ranked by the United States as “worrisome” and that the situation had worsened in recent years. The NGO is based in the fish-farming and salt-producing province of Samut Sakhon, on the Gulf of Thailand south of Bangkok.

“The biggest problem is in the fishery industries, where Burmese workers are deceived and forced to work the hardest and longest,” he said.

A recent estimate of the number of migrant workers in Thailand was set at more than three million, but the registered number is 700,000 workers, and they are mainly from Burma.

Sompong said business owners in Thailand still lacked the conscience to employ workers legally. Many wanted cheap labour and ignored the realities of the illicit trade that was supplying and exploiting these workers.

“Thailand is at risk of an international boycott of its seafood products if the human trafficking in this industry remains unresolved,” he warned.

According to the Mirror Foundation anti-human-trafficking centre in Bangkok, up to 138 cases were reported to the foundation last year – three times than in the previous year. The report was released at a press conference yesterday in Bangkok prior to National Anti-human Trafficking Day tomorrow.

Conditions in northern Thailand have also declined. Burmese boys from Mae Sot were deceived and forced to sell roti in Chiang Mai. Traffickers have also persuaded children from Burmese families to work in Thailand, and later forced them to sell flowers in the northern city, according to Duan Wongsa, manager of the Anti-Trafficking Co-ordination Unit Northern Thailand, in Chiang Mai.

“Recently… traffickers brought children from refugee camps along the border in Tak Province to inner provinces of Thailand,” she added. “Children would be brought and forced to work as domestic helpers for pitiful wages.”

Ekkalak Lumchomkae, head of the Mirror Foundation centre, told Mizzima the situation was in crisis, particularly in the fisheries sector.

GreenFacts.org ranked Thailand third in the world in 2006 among its top 10 exporters and importers of fish and fishery products, but the country faces a severe labour shortage, with an estimated deficit of more than 10,000 workers. The shortage provides impetus for the traffickers to tries harder to search workers to serve businesses.

“From our fieldwork in some areas, there are politicians and officials behind the traffickers,” Ekkalak said. “Legal measures to control the fisheries sector are ineffective or local officials are negligent in applying the law.”

The situation in other sectors, such as prostitution, begging and flower-selling remained unchanged in 2008 and last year, the centre’s report said.

Ekkalak said the rate Burmese workers have to pay to middlemen to work in Thailand had increased, from the recent figure of around 20,000 baht (US$606), to 25,000 baht, nearly twice the amount demanded in the previous year. It takes most of them at least a year to repay the brokers.

He added that police have only been able to arrest minor Burmese traffickers after raids on suspected factories, failing to net the masterminds. “Local police were not brave enough to charge them [trafficking kingpins] under the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act 2008, but tend to lay charges for lesser offences.”

The centre blacklisted four seaside provinces with severe trafficking problems: Songkhla, Chonburi, Samut Sakhon and Samut Prakan.

A 14-year-old Muslim girl in Mae Sot, lured into working as a flower-seller in Bangkok, said she went unpaid during two years work for her employers.

“They told me that the money would be paid to my mother but she also never saw it,” the teen said. “They also hit me in the head when I could not bring in enough money.”

She later escaped from her taskmasters with the help of her neighbours and returned to Mae Sot – which along with the fishing town of Ranong on the southwest coast of Thailand near a marine border with Burma, and Chiang Rai in the far north – is a hotspot of activity for human traffickers.

Thai Minister of Social Development and Human Security Issara Somchai said at the opening of anti-human trafficking campaign in Bangkok that recent trafficking has become a more complex process.

Transnational networks put children and young people at high risk because their desire for better livelihoods leaves them open to exploitation, according to a report on Thailand’s Public Relations Department website on Friday.

Thailand’s first anti-trafficking legislation took effect in June, 2008, and was aimed at tackling the ever-increasing problem. The content specified provisions banning trafficking that involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by threats or use of force for the purpose of exploitation.

Exploitation is defined as seeking benefit from prostitution, or production or distribution of pornographic materials. The law also bans other forms of sexual exploitation, slavery, forced begging, other forced labour or provision of services, coerced removal of organs for the purpose of trade, or any other similar practices resulting from forced or harmful work with extortion as the result, regardless of a person’s consent.

However, activists said the problem was not in the law, but in its application. Local police are reluctant to charge traffickers, who are often violent or armed, or employers in their jurisdictions, who usually have considerable social power. Police therefore seek far lesser penalties than the legislation prescribes, rights activists have said.



Burma tops ‘worst of the worst’ list of human rights violators – Howard LaFranchi
Christian Science Monitor: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Washington — The hit parade of the world’s worst human rights violators is out, and it reads like a rap sheet of the usual suspects.The “worst of the worst,” as Washington-based human rights watchdog Freedom House calls them, is comprised of nine countries and one territory: Burma, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tibet (under Chinese jurisdiction).

What Freedom House calls “shameful” is that one of those “worst” – Libya – was just elected to the United Nations’ premier human rights organization, the Human Rights Council. Moreover, three countries on the organization’s expanded list of countries with only slightly better human-rights records – China, Cuba, and Saudi Arabia – are already members.

“It’s a badge of shame that these countries sit on the council, but the shame really goes to the [UN] General Assembly countries that elected these egregious violators of rights in the first place,” says Paula Schriefer, Freedom House’s director of advocacy. She notes that Saudi Arabia, for example, was elected to the council with more than 150 votes out of the 192 General Assembly members.

In all, 20 countries and territories have such appalling human rights records as to be considered the world’s worst. Rounding out the list Freedom House issued Thursday are: Belarus, Chad, Guinea, Laos, Syria, and two territories: South Ossetia and Western Sahara.

The “worst of the worst” list is just one piece of evidence that Freedom House offers to support its conclusion that freedom globally is on the decline, after several decades of general expansion.

“By absolute standards, the world is still freer than it was 30 years ago,” Freedom House Executive Director Jennifer Windsor says in the report’s overview. The less-good news: “The last four years have seen a global decline in freedom,” she adds, including in such specific areas the organization measures globally as multiparty elections, freedom of association, freedom of speech, rights of minorities, and the rule of law.

The report finds that the countries on the “worst” list represent a “narrow range” of political systems with such familiar names as dictatorship, military junta, and one-party rule. Another common factor in many of the countries on the list is corruption.
The Human Rights Council, which sits in Geneva, is dismissed by some rights advocates because of the participation of some “worst” rights violators. The council was snubbed by the Bush administration for that reason, but the Obama administration reversed course and decided to try to reform the body from within.

Ms. Schriefer, who was reached by phone in Geneva where she is representing Freedom House with the council, calls the presence of “egregious” rights violators on the council an “embarrassment,” but adds, “There’s no reason the majority can’t get down to business on the work of promoting and supporting human rights in all corners of the world.”

She notes on the bright side that the council has managed to appoint an independent expert on Sudan, and is about to consider renewing the expert’s mandate. “You can tell issues like this matter to countries [that become the object of rights probes] by the energy and resources they put into avoiding it,” she says.

The council has also registered a number of setbacks. A group of rights-promoting countries attempted to pass a resolution in May 2009 condemning Sri Lanka for repressive actions against its own citizens. But the effort backfired when supporters of the Sri Lankan regime on the council amended the resolution so it ended up praising the government’s steps.

“Now Sri Lanka uses the resolution as part of its propaganda trumpeting the support it has garnered internationally,” Schriefer says. “That was not a positive step for human rights.”



Report says Burma is taking steps toward nuclear weapons program – Joby Warrick
Washington Post: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Burma has begun secretly acquiring key components for a nuclear weapons program, including specialized equipment used to make uranium metal for nuclear bombs, according to a report that cites documents and photos from a Burmese army officer who recently fled the country.The smuggled evidence shows Burma’s military rulers taking concrete steps toward obtaining atomic weapons, according to an analysis co-written by an independent nuclear expert. But it also points to enormous gaps in Burmese technical know-how and suggests that the country is many years from developing an actual bomb.

The analysis, commissioned by the dissident group Democratic Voice of Burma, concludes with “high confidence” that Burma is seeking nuclear technology, and adds: “This technology is only for nuclear weapons and not for civilian use or nuclear power.”

“The intent is clear, and that is a very disturbing matter for international agreements,” said the report, co-authored by Robert E. Kelley, a retired senior U.N. nuclear inspector. Officials for the dissident group provided copies of the analysis to the broadcaster al-Jazeera, The Washington Post and a few other news outlets.

Hours before the report’s release, Sen. James Webb (D-Va.) announced that he was canceling a trip to Burma, also known as Myanmar, to await the details. “It is unclear whether these allegations have substantive merit,” Webb, who chairs a Senate Foreign Relations panel on East Asia, said in a statement released by his office. “[But] until there is further clarification on these matters, I believe it would be unwise and potentially counterproductive for me to visit Burma.”

There have been numerous allegations in the past about secret nuclear activity by Burma’s military rulers, accounts based largely on ambiguous satellite images and uncorroborated stories by defectors. But the new analysis is based on documents and hundreds of photos smuggled out of the country by Sai Thein Win, a Burmese major who says he visited key installations and attended meetings at which the new technology was demonstrated.

The trove of insider material was reviewed by Kelley, a U.S. citizen who served at two of the Energy Department’s nuclear laboratories before becoming a senior inspector for the International Atomic Energy Agency. Kelley co-wrote the opposition group’s report with Democratic Voice of Burma researcher Ali Fowle.

Among the images provided by the major are technical drawings of a device known as a bomb-reduction vessel, which is chiefly used in the making of uranium metal for fuel rods and nuclear-weapons components. The defector also released a document purporting to show a Burmese government official ordering production of the device, as well as photos of the finished vessel.

Other photographs show Burmese military officials and civilians posing beside a device known as a vacuum glove box, which also is used in the production of uranium metal. The defector describes ongoing efforts on various phases of a nuclear-weapons program, from uranium mining to work on advanced lasers used in uranium enrichment. Some of the machinery used in the Burmese program appears to have been of Western origin.

The report notes that the Burmese scientists appear to be struggling to master the technology and that some processes, such as laser enrichment, likely far exceed the capabilities of the impoverished, isolated country.

“Photographs could be faked,” it says, “but there are so many and they are so consistent with other information and within themselves that they lead to a high degree of confidence that Burma is pursuing nuclear technology.”

A Washington-based nuclear weapons analyst who reviewed the report said the conclusions about Burma’s nuclear intentions appeared credible and alarming. “It’s just too easy to hide a program like this,” said Joshua H. Pollack, a consultant to the U.S. government.



Myanmar’s nuclear bombshell – Bertil Lintner
Asia Times: Fri 4 Jun 2010

Bangkok – Myanmar’s ruling generals have started a secret program to develop nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles to deliver them in a high-stakes bid to deter perceived hostile foreign powers, according to an investigative report by the Democratic Voice of Burma that will be aired later on Friday by television news network al-Jazeera.Asia Times Online contributor Bertil Lintner was involved in reviewing materials during extensive authentication processes conducted by international arms experts and others during the report’s five-year production. In the strategic footsteps of North Korea, Myanmar’s leaders are also building a complex network of tunnels, bunkers and other underground installations where they and their military hardware would be hidden against any external aerial attack, including presumably from the United States.
Based on testimonies and photographs supplied by high-ranking military defectors, the documentary will show for the first time how Myanmar has developed the capacity and is now using laser isotope separation, a technique for developing nuclear weapons. It will also show how machinery and equipment has been acquired to develop ballistic missiles.

That Myanmar is now trying to develop nuclear weapons and has become engaged in a military partnership with North Korea will dramatically change the region’s security dynamic. Myanmar is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a 10-nation grouping whose members jointly signed the 1995 Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, also known as the Bangkok Treaty.

The nuclear bid will also put the already diplomatically isolated country on a collision course with the US. US Senator Jim Webb, who has earlier led a diplomatic drive to ”engage” the junta, abruptly canceled his scheduled June 4 trip to Myanmar when he learned about the upcoming documentary. The explosive revelations about Myanmar’s nuclear initiative are expected to freeze Washington’s recent warming towards the generals.

It is possible that the junta’s grandiose schemes could amount to little more than a monumental waste of state resources. According to one international arms expert familiar with the materials on Myanmar’s program, the laser isotope separation method now being employed by Myanmar’s insufficiently trained scientists ”is probably one of the worst that is yet to be invented. The major countries of the world have spent billions of dollars trying to make the process work without success.”

There is thus a risk that the generals will further undermine the country’s already wobbly economic fundamentals on ill-conceived weapons projects, ones that may yield little more than lots of radioactive holes in the ground and some crude Scud-type missiles.

Western military experts assert that any sophisticated bunker-buster bomb could easily penetrate the newly built network of tunnels and other underground facilities, constructed near the new capital of Naypyidaw. In light of the country’s lack of technical know-how, Myanmar’s desired nuclear bomb may also turn out to be a huge white elephant. It is not even certain that its homegrown missiles will fly. At least that is the conclusion of weapons’ experts who have closely examined the materials that will be presented in al-Jazeera’s investigative report.

The program was produced over five-years by the Democratic Voice of Burma, or DVB, a Norway-based radio and TV station run by Myanmar exiles. They have made their case based on leaked photographs, documents and testimonies from key military defectors. The documentary was directed by London-based Australian journalist Evan Williams.

Nuclear turncoat

The report’s main source, Sai Thein Win, is a former Myanmar army major who recently defected to the West, bringing with him a trove of information never seen before outside of the country. His documentation has been scrutinized by, among others, Robert Kelley, a former US weapons scientist at the Los Alamos facility where work is conducted towards the design of nuclear weapons.

>From 1992 to 1993 and 2001 to 2005, Kelley also served as one of the directors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). “Sai Thein Win reminds us to some degree of Mordecai Vanunu, an Israeli technician at the Dimona nuclear site in the Negev desert … Sai is providing similar information,” said Kelley.

Vanunu blew the whistle on Israel’s nuclear program, and, according to Kelley, Sai Thein Win has “provided photographs of items that would appear to be very useful in a nuclear program as they are specific to nuclear issues. They could be seen as for other things, but they look like they were designed for a nuclear program.”

Geoff Forden, another international arms expert, says Myanmar appears to be “pursuing at least two different paths towards acquiring a missile production capability. One is a more or less indigenous path. The less indigenous comes from the fact that they have sent a number of Myanmar military officers to Moscow for training in engineering related to missile design and production.”

Sai Thein Win was among the Myanmar army officers sent to Russia and he has produced photographs of himself taken during his training there. He also has pictures of a top secret nuclear facility located 11 kilometers from Thabeikkyin, a small town near the Irrawaddy River in northern Myanmar.

He claims this is the headquarters of the army’s nuclear battalion and that it is there the regime is trying to build a nuclear reactor and enrich uranium for weapons. Missile development, he says, is carried out at another facility near Myaing, southwest of Mandalay, in central Myanmar.

Machinery for the Myaing plant has been supplied by two German firms, which also sent engineers to install the equipment. The Germans, Sai Thein Win says, were told that “the factories were educational institutions … those poor German engineers don’t know, didn’t know that we were aiming to use those machines in producing rocket parts or some parts for military use.”

How useful those machines will be for missile development is questionable. Despite their training in Russia, the Myanmar engineers handling them have little or no knowledge of producing sophisticated weapons, according to experts who say the generals’ apparent dream of having a nuclear reactor may also be just that: a pipedream.

Another high-ranking Myanmar military official also provided DVB’s researchers with classified information related to the country’s nuclear and missile program. He, however, fell out of view while in Singapore some time last year and his current whereabouts is now unknown.

Myanmar was one of the first countries in the region to launch a nuclear research program. In 1956, the country’s then-democratic government set up the Union of Burma Atomic Energy Center in the former capital Yangon. Unrelated to the country’s defense industries, it came to a halt when the military seized power in 1962. The new military power-holders, led by General Ne Win, did not trust the old technocrats and saw little use in having a nuclear program designed for peaceful purposes.

In 2001, Myanmar’s present ruling junta aimed to revitalize the country’s nuclear ambitions. An agreement was signed with Russia ’s Atomic Energy Ministry, which announced plans to build a 10-megawatt nuclear research reactor in central Myanmar. That same year, Myanmar established a Department of Atomic Energy, believed to be the brainchild of the Minister for Science and technology, U Thaung, a graduate of the Defense Services Academy and former ambassador to the US. At the time, US-trained nuclear scientist Thein Po Saw was identified as a leading advocate for nuclear technology in Myanmar.

Reports since then have been murky, including speculation that the deal was shelved due to Myanmar’s lack of finances. The Russian reactor was never delivered, but in May 2007 Russia ’s atomic energy agency, Rosatom, again announced it would build Myanmar ’s nuclear-research reactor. Under the initial 2001 agreement, Myanmar nationals, most military personnel, were sent to Russia for training. Nearly 10 years later, Russia has yet to deliver the reactor because Myanmar “refused to allow inspection by the IAEA”, according to DVB.

North Korean ally

Myanmar thus appears to have embarked on its own indigenous program to build a nuclear research reactor. Unconfirmed reports circulated on the Internet claim that North Korea is assisting the Myanmar authorities in the endeavor. Diplomatic relations between North Korea and Myanmar, which were severed in 1983 when North Korean agents detonated a bomb in Yangon, were officially restored in April 2007.

Only days later, a North Korean freighter, the Kang Nam I, docked at Thilawa port near the old capital. Heavy crates were unloaded under strict secrecy and tight security. A journalist working for a Japanese news agency was detained and interrogated for attempting to photograph the unloading.

Last year, the Kang Nam I was back in the news when, destined for Myanmar, it was turned back by US naval warships. At the time, it was thought to be carrying material banned under UN Security Council resolutions aimed at preventing North Korea from exporting material related to the production and development of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

North Korea’s role in Myanmar ’s nascent nuclear program is still a matter of conjecture. But in May this year, a seven-member UN panel monitoring implementation of sanctions against North Korea said its research indicated that Pyongyang is involved in banned nuclear and ballistic activities in Iran, Syria and Myanmar.

The experts in the documentary said they were looking into “suspicious activity in Myanmar”, including the presence of Namchongang Trading, one of the North Korean companies sanctioned by the UN. North Korean tunneling experts are also known to have provided crucial assistance to the construction of Myanmar’s underground facilities.

According to an unnamed Myanmar army engineer, who was also interviewed for the DVB documentary, “a batch of eight North Koreans came each time and [were] sent back, [then] another eight came and were sent back. At the Defense Industry factories, there are at least eight to 16 of them … they act as technical advisers.”

In November 2008, Gen Shwe Mann, the third-highest ranking official in Myanmar’s military hierarchy, paid a secret visit to Pyongyang. Traveling with an entourage of military officers, he visited a radar base and a factory making Scud missiles, and signed a memorandum of understanding with the North Koreans to enhance military cooperation between the two countries.

A photo file and other details of the visit were leaked to Myanmar exiles and were soon available on the Internet, prompting the authorities to carry out a purge within its own ranks. On January 7 this year, one Foreign Ministry official and a retired military officer were sentenced to death for leaking the material.

Military insecurity

Aung Lin Htut, a former intelligence officer attached to the Myanmar Embassy in Washington until he defected in 2004, claims that soon after General Than Shwe came to power in 1992 he “thought that if we followed the North Korean example we would not need to take into account America or even need to care about China. In other words, when they have nuclear energy and weapons other countries … won’t dare touch Myanmar.”

The tunnels and bunkers – some of which are large enough to accommodate hundreds of soldiers – should be seen in the same light, Aung Lin Htut has argued. “It is for their own safety that the government has invested heavily into those tunnel projects,” he said.

The generals may fear not only an outside attack, which is highly unlikely according to security experts, but also another popular uprising. In 1988, millions of people took to the streets to demand an end to military dictatorship. In 2007, tens of thousands of Buddhist monks led marches for national reconciliation and a dialogue between the military government and the pro-democracy movement.

On both occasions, the generals responded with military force and brutally suppressed the popular movements. But the generals were shaken and apparently saw the need to move themselves and vital military facilities underground and away from populated areas, as also seen in the junta’s bizarre and sudden move to the new capital Naypyidaw in November 2005.

For other reasons, North Korea reacted similarly after the war on the Korean Peninsula. North Korea is believed to have one of the world’s most extensive complexes of tunnels, storage facilities – and even weapons’ factories – all hidden from the prying eyes of real and imagined enemies.

That is likely why Myanmar’s generals see Pyongyang as a role model and why relations between the two countries have warmed since the 1990s – hardly by coincidence at the same time the US has become one of Myanmar’s fiercest critics. In 2005, then-secretary of state Condoleezza Rice branded Myanmar, along with Belarus, Cuba, North Korea, Iran and Zimbabwe as “outposts of tyranny”, and the US tightened financial sanctions against the regime and its supporters.

The present US administration of President Barack Obama adopted a more conciliatory approach, sending emissaries to Myanmar to “engage” the generals and nudge them towards democracy. But sources close to the decision-making process in Washington also believe that concern over Myanmar’s WMD programs – and increasingly close ties with North Korea – should be equally important considerations i