teithant David Kiltz

> What publication are you talking about ?

* about the latest TyTy i guess.. at least that is how i have been informed in a
recent post



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Augusto wrote:
> (translation of Priscila's message above)
>
> "Hi Nicolau. Yes, I am Brazilian and I live in Natal (RN). I've joined
the
> list after seeing the movie, but not because of the movie... you
understand
> me, right? I LOVE Tolkien's books and, therefore, the languages he
created
> as well... I am pretty much interested in studying them. :-)
>    Hug (lit., we use this expression a lot in this context)
>    Priscila"

Yes! I only missed one word! <pats self on back>

> Como voces devem saber (cf. FAQ) a lingua oficial dessa lista eh ingles.
Eh
> de bom tom, quando se escreve em qualquer outra lingua, traduzir logo em
> seguida, mesmo que o texto em questao nao interesse a ninguem mais. :-)
>
> (transl.)
> As you most probably know (see FAQ) the official language of this list is

> English. When you write anything in any other language, even though it
might
> not concern other members, you should provide a translation. :-)

But please do keep on writing in Portuguese (with translation). It's such
fun for the language nerds among us--and I'm sure there are quite a few--to
read discussions of things we enjoy in languages other than our own. I
looked for an Elvish linguistics list in Portuguese (like the Spanish
_Lambenor_), but, alas, there don't seem to be any.


Irene (who has never actually studied Portuguese but knows a little
Spanish)

---
Irene A Gates                     Webmaster, aviculturist, linguaphile
Campbellville, Ontario, Canada            <112321.3163@...>

"The function of the expert is not to be more right than other people,
but to be wrong for more sophisticated reasons"
                              -- Dr David Butler, in the Observer, 1969

At 1/31/02 05:39 PM , Tursiopserin@... wrote:
>        A good friend of mine died recently and I'm to sing a Quenya
> lament at
>his memorial, please check this for me and correct any errors you might find.
>Thank you for your expertise.

My "expertise" is *quite* limited, as I've proven admirably with some of my
other statements on this list. However, I'll try to take a stab at a couple
of corrections and notes:

>              Nainala tasare
>              Lamenting willow

I don't understand why there's an "e" on the end of "tasar" -- it seems the
nominative case would be fine.

>              minna i siirenna,
>              into the river,

I'm not sure where you get _minna_, and _i_ is pretty optional here. I
think just "mir siirenna" would be fine.

>              Sinoome nyerin, O maivoine,
>              In this place I mourn, with great longing,

I think _o maivoine_ should be _yo maivoine_. (Though I seem to have lost
the reference on where I saw _yo_ for "with"...)

A clearer translation into English might be simply "Here I mourn..."

Finally, a point that may be only aesthetic -- or may touch on your
philosophy about death and mourning -- either way, do feel free to ignore it:

I presume you're deliberately using the aorist, to signify that you'll be
mourning for a long time? This does add a certain poignancy to the lament.
However, were I the dead friend's spirit, I might actually prefer that your
period of mourning be brief. While the aorist has a poetic strength to it,
it might be kinder to actually use the present tense.

>              ve i Siqilisse.
>              like the Weeping willow.

Again, I'm fairly sure the article is unnecessary. (Unless you mean to
indicate a particular Weeping Willow of some importance, in which case it
would probably *not* be optional! For all I know, you and your friend have
spent much time under a particular willow, which you're deliberately
recalling in your poem...)

>              Avanielya. Namaarie.
>              You have gone. Farewell.

The _lya_ ending is possessive; I'm almost sure you want _Avanielye_.

However, do take all my corrections with a grain of salt, and don't rely on
them until they've been checked over by more experienced folks.

                                                  --Kai MacTane
----------------------------------------------------------------------
"But every night I burn,/Every night I call your name.
   Every night I burn,/Every night I fall again..."
                                                  --The Cure,
                                                   "Burn"

At 2/1/02 01:33 AM , Irene A Gates wrote:
>Irene (who has never actually studied Portuguese but knows a little
>Spanish)

I'm in the same boat -- some Spanish, and Portuguese looks tantalizingly
almost-comprehensible to me. I also have no objection to Portuguese
messages with English translation.

                                                  --Kai MacTane
----------------------------------------------------------------------
"But every night I burn,/Every night I call your name.
   Every night I burn,/Every night I fall again..."
                                                  --The Cure,
                                                   "Burn"

At 1/31/02 09:37 AM , Sandra Straubhaar wrote:
>Acertou!  Sorry I couldn't think of the word.  Since I first started
>reflecting about this I've thought of dozens of examples of what _seem to
>me_ as a native English-speaker to be anomalous prosodic stress, in other
>words, stresses on elements that aren't particularly significant as far as
>meaning goes.  I thought of Swedes saying things like få_fäng_ligHET and
>_van_skeligHET, which in English would be like *_frus_traTION and
>*i_mag_inaTION [note: meanings aren't equivalent: random abstract nouns].
>
>But then I realized that romance languages do this too, e.g., condiÇ—OES,
>confuS—AO.

Yeah, in Spanish, nearly any word that ends in _-cion_ (roughly equivalent
to English/Latin "-tion" or "-sion", as in formation or confusion) has the
accent on that final syllable. So, "revoluCION" is equivalent to saying
"revoluTION" in English, rather than "revoLUtion", as we place the accent.

But it doesn't sound at all odd to Spanish ears; indeed, "revoLUcion" would
strike them as being just as odd (that is to say, actually wrong) as
English "revoluTION".

>All of which supports what I concluded (against my better judgment) before,
>namely, that Liv Tyler's stressing articles and prepositions in Sindarin
>(over the surrounding nouns) might even be defensible.

However, I note that there's a difference between stressing a different
syllable of a multisyllabic word, and stressing small, linking words such
as articles and prepositions. Spanish doesn't do that; when you say "la
puerta de la casa con las paredes azules"  ("the door of the house with the
blue walls" - note that Spanish has even less of a possessive case than
English, requiring an "of the" construction where English would append
"'s"), the stresses go on the major words: "la PUERta de la CAsa con las
paREDes aZULes". The "de la" construction, in particular, gets skimmed over
*very* quickly in spoken Spanish, partly because it gets overused so much.
(Anyplace we'd say "my mother's sister's teacher", Spanish-speakers have to
put up with "la professora de la hermana de mi madre".)

I think I've rambled enough.

                                                  --Kai MacTane
----------------------------------------------------------------------
"Deadly angels for reality and passion..."
                                                  --Shriekback,
                                                   "Gunning for the
                                                    Buddha"

Aiya,

I would like to ask for your help to clear a
confusion. Helge's Quenya Course (lesson 14) lists
-lma as an inclusive, and -mma as an exclusive
possessive pronominal ending for the First Person
plural; whereas the Appleyard Quenya grammar lists
-lva and -mma as an inclusive, and -lma as an
exclusive ending.

Which one is correct?

Tirin nanquenyelyannar,

Thomas

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Frances Hardy wrote:
>Well i'm very sorry but I don't know how to speak Poptuguese but I could
>learn one day :-) I like language! (I don't think I'll learn >right now as
>I'm already doing 3 (one very casually (German)) >languages at the mo)
>

- Well, at least you have a quite near pronounciation of the Quenya
diphthong _ui_ in the English word _ruin_. That´s the best example in
English that I know, fellow. Keep on trying it! :)

   Priscila (Yáre, Ioreth)

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>Augusto wrote:
> > As you most probably know (see FAQ) the official language of this list
>is English. When you write anything in any other language, even though it
>might not concern other members, you should provide a translation. :-)

Irene wrote:
>But please do keep on writing in Portuguese (with translation). It's such
>fun for the language nerds among us--and I'm sure there are quite a few--to
>read discussions of things we enjoy in languages other than our own. I
>looked for an Elvish linguistics list in Portuguese (like the Spanish
>_Lambenor_), but, alas, there don't seem to be any.

- Bem, Augusto, perdoe-me se eu não traduzi a mensagem. Realmente foi um
erro estúpido e prometo não cometê-lo novamente.
   Bem, Irene, não se preocupe. Eu continuarei a escrever em Português sempre
que for preciso (para falar com os colegas que falam Português, claro). E,
claro, traduzirei.

translating:
- Well, Augusto, forgive me if I didn´t translate the message. It really was
a stupy mistake and I promisse that I won´t do it again.
    Well, Irene, don´t worry. I´ll keep on writing in Portuguese always that
it´s needed (to talk with the fellows that speak Portuguese, of course),
And, of course, I´ll translate it.

   Abraços (Hugs),
   Priscila (Yáre, Ioreth)

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Teithant Gildor Inglorion

Thanks again for your help. Would you, or anyone else who cares to, be kind
enough to check my transcription of:

Herinya, vanya ve silme, vantuvan as elye tennoio.

It's at the bottom of the page

www.kathros.freeservers.com

I was especially concerned about "elye", since the font doesn't allow a
double dot (for Y) under the L, so I put it in the centre. Is this correct?

Many thanks

Brett Thorn

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teithant Brett Thorn

>Teithant Gildor Inglorion

* what did i write?

> I was especially concerned about "elye", since the font doesn't allow a
double dot (for Y) under the L, so I put it in the centre. Is this correct?

* very nice.. but the tehtar must be a little more to the right... and the two
dots inside the Lambe, just a little lower if possible



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Thomas wrote:
>Aiya,
>
>I would like to ask for your help to clear a
>confusion. Helge's Quenya Course (lesson 14) lists
>-lma as an inclusive, and -mma as an exclusive
>possessive pronominal ending for the First Person
>plural; whereas the Appleyard Quenya grammar lists
>-lva and -mma as an inclusive, and -lma as an
>exclusive ending.
>
>Which one is correct?

Allowing for that Tolkien's ideas frequently shifted, Helge Fauskanger's
course is generally more reliable than Anthony Appleyard's somewhat date
"Quenya Revisited" article (which I assume you're refering to). I don't have
the books with me, but IIRC Tolkien explicitly mentions that -mme (the
personal ending corresponding to possessive -mma) is exlusive in QaE. -Lva
is a dual form.

                                              Andreas

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--- In elfling@y..., Kai MacTane <kmactane@g...> wrote:
> At 1/31/02 05:39 PM , Tursiopserin@c... wrote:
> >        A good friend of mine died recently and I'm to sing a
Quenya
> > lament at
> >his memorial, please check this for me and correct any errors you
might find.
> >Thank you for your expertise.

<snipping a previous post>

> >              minna i siirenna,
> >              into the river,
>
> I'm not sure where you get _minna_, and _i_ is pretty optional here.
I
> think just "mir siirenna" would be fine.


_minna_ and _mir_ are optional forms of the preposition "into". After
them, no additional allative form is needed, so if you like to use
this expression you would say _minna (i) siire. The article is, in my
opinion, optional. Anyway, I would prefer saying plainly _siirenna_,
which means both "to the river" and "into the river".


> >              Sinoome nyerin, O maivoine,
> >              In this place I mourn, with great longing,
>
> I think _o maivoine_ should be _yo maivoine_. (Though I seem to have
lost
> the reference on where I saw _yo_ for "with"...)


-yo- comes from SD:56, from an early draft of LotR. It appears in a
sentence _sinome nimaruva yo hildinyar tenn' Ambar-metta!_ (see also
LotR III ch. the Steward and the King, page 1003 at least in my one
part paper-back edition, for a little different Q. text) No
translation is given for the word _yo_ (as far as I know) but it
probably means "with". I don't know how accurate this translation is,
though. Maybe you could use the verb _milya-_ ="long for" instead, and
perhaps make an active participle _milyala_ =longing (?).

By the way, "in this place" is _sinome_... only one _o_!

<snipping the previous post again>


> >              ve i Siqilisse.
> >              like the Weeping willow.
>
> Again, I'm fairly sure the article is unnecessary. (Unless you mean
to
> indicate a particular Weeping Willow of some importance, in which
case it
> would probably *not* be optional! For all I know, you and your
friend have
> spent much time under a particular willow, which you're deliberately
> recalling in your poem...)

Good point! In Quenya, the article isn't so common as for instance in
English. In many places where we'd put an article, Tolkien himself
doesn't do it, for instance in Namaarie:
_ai laurie lantar lassi_
Tolkien's translation: "Ah! Like gold fall the leaves"
and still he doesn't write *_ai laurie lantar i lassi_

I would like to learn more about the use of article _i_ in Quenya.
Loremasters, could any of you teach me a little about this!?


> >              Avanielya. Namaarie.
> >              You have gone. Farewell.
>
> The _lya_ ending is possessive; I'm almost sure you want
_Avanielye_.


auta- =go away, leave -> perfect tense is _avaanie_ (see Namaarie-
poem), so the right form is avaanie+lye (=you) -> _avaanielye_


  > However, do take all my corrections with a grain of salt, and don't
rely on
> them until they've been checked over by more experienced folks.

I would like to say just the same... ;-)

Almie Elenwe

On 2/1/02 3:18 AM, "Thomas Dr." <percival64@...> wrote:

> I would like to ask for your help to clear a confusion. Helge's Quenya Course
> (lesson 14) lists -lma as an inclusive, and -mma as an exclusive possessive
> pronominal ending for the First Person plural; whereas the Appleyard Quenya
> grammar lists -lva and -mma as an inclusive, and -lma as an exclusive ending.
>
> Which one is correct?

They both are.

_-mme_ is attested as:
---------------------

- inclusive in an early draft of _The Lord of the Rings_: _Eleni silir
lúmesse omentiemman_ 'The stars shine on the hour of our meeting (_Return of
the Shadow_:324)

- (plural) exclusive in later material, e.g., in "Quendi and Eldar" (c.
1959), _avamme, vamme_ 'we won't' (_War of the Jewels_:371).

- In still later material, _-mme_ becomes purely dual (VT43:6).


_-lme_ is attested as:
---------------------

- inclusive in the first edition of _The Lord of the Rings_: _omentielmo_

- exclusive in Tolkien's explanation of the change of _omentielmo_ to
_omentielvo_ in the Revised Edition (1965)


_-lve_ is attested as:
----------------------

- inclusive in the Revised Edition of _LotR_ (1965): _omentielvo_.


|======================================================================|
| Carl F. Hostetter      Aelfwine@...     http://www.elvish.org |
|                                                                      |
|                ho bios brachys, he de techne makre.                  |
|                      Ars longa, vita brevis.                         |
|            The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.             |
|    "I wish life was not so short," he thought.  "Languages take      |
|    such a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about."   |
|======================================================================|

hello, does anyone happen to know what kind of leaf
the brooch on the elven cloaks in the movie was
supposed to be?

=====
Love, Sandy
                         (KTBSPA!!!!!)

"Elen si la lumenn omentielvo"

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I've been an Elves fan for a long time, Since I read LotR I have enjoyed the
Elves world.
I wasn't so sure about the language at first because I had only read it.
But since I heard it in the movie I have become very interested in it.
I have been to most sites and searched around for a much information as I
could
(hence finding this place) and I really would like to learn the language.
I'm not afraid of the work.
But I'm not really sure if I can, Is it a language that can be learnt just
like others
(Spanish, French)?
Is the language fully compiled?
I read the FAQ but maybe I missed a few things.
I am naive about the language right now, But am very willing to learn it all.
Any suggestions or guidance is appreciated.

Also I had a question. I am interested in mostly learning Sindarin and I saw
that there is an actual course in Quenya, is there one like this for Sindarin
by any chance?
Please turn a willing learner in the right direction.

> Oh yes! I am following this course (and very good it is too) but it
would be
> nice to see the evolution of the language 'first hand', as it were.

Agreed, but do note that it is the external evolution, not the
internal one.

Eddin Najetovic
enajetovic@...

> This is precisely wrong, and tantamount to saying that if you want
to learn
> about "The Silmarillion" (that is, the whole legendarium, not the 1977
> book), then reading _The Book of Lost Tales_ would be "wrong".
>
> In precisely the same way that "The Silmarillion" as a fixed, final,
> complete, and consistent text does not exist (except in an artifical,
> posthumously edited form), neither do Quenya and Sindarin. What
_does_ exist
> is a great and glorious complex of documents detailing Tolkien's
long, rich,
> and at times contradictory development, an expression of deeply held yet
> evolving and shifting linguistic aesthetics and convictions.

Point taken and noted

>
> It's true that both Christopher Tolkien's edition of _The
Silmarillion_ and
> Helge Fauskanger's Quenya lessons make for fine reading, and are
> illustrative and instructive to boot (indeed, the former is my favorite
> book, period; while the latter is the best synthesis of "Quenya" yet
> published, and not I think just by default); but just as Christopher
Tolkien
> recognized the artificiality of the 1977 text, and so embarked upon _The
> History of Middle-earth_ to detail the nature and content of the
> "Silmarillion", so too must it be recognized that Helge's writings are a
> consciously artificial synthesis of more or less arbitrarily
selected data,
> interpreted and accepted or rejected as suits the artificial goal of
> fabricating a standard, "usable" "Quenya" where none exists, not even in
> Tolkien's writings.
>
> And so, to truly learn _Quenya_, the diachronic production of Tolkien's
> heart, mind, and labors, taking the _Qenyaqetsa_ as your guide is
not only
> "right", it is a necessary first step.

I don't think so. Depends on HOW you a\want to learn Tolkien's
languages and/or study them, as the good doctor indeed would envision
most of the vocabulary and grammatical features (probably) obsolete
and thus "wrong" by mature standards, and that is what I was referring to.

>              Siqilisse (Qenya)
>              Weeping Willow

I have never heard of Siquilisse. Probably Qenya (as opposed to Quenya)

>
>              Nainala tasare
>              Lamenting willow

Wouldn't that be _tasar_? Just

>
>              Miste lanta olvallor
>              Rain falls from branches

okie

>
>              minna i siirenna,
>              into the river,

Drop the allative and turn _minna_ into _mir_ of the same meaning

>              caarala silma nencormar.
>              making silver water rings.

I don't think _silma_ = silver. _telpina_ or _telemna_ would be
better, unless you wish to say shining water rings

>              Sinoome nyerin, O maivoine,
>              In this place I mourn, with great longing,

use _as_ for with. _maivoine_ is probably a doubtful word in mature
Quenya.

>
>              ve i Siqilisse.
>              like the Weeping willow.
>

okie

>              Avanielya. Namaarie.
>              You have gone. Farewell.

_avaanielye_ instead.

> I don't understand why there's an "e" on the end of "tasar" -- it
seems the
> nominative case would be fine.

Both forms (tasar and tasare) are allowed.

> I'm not sure where you get _minna_, and _i_ is pretty optional here. I
> think just "mir siirenna" would be fine.

the article can be left out, yes. But mir has the allative case
already, don't use -nna if you're using mir.

>
> >              Sinoome nyerin, O maivoine,
> >              In this place I mourn, with great longing,
>
> I think _o maivoine_ should be _yo maivoine_. (Though I seem to have
lost
> the reference on where I saw _yo_ for "with"...)

the word _as_ for 'with' is now attested.

> >              ve i Siqilisse.
> >              like the Weeping willow.
>
> Again, I'm fairly sure the article is unnecessary. (Unless you mean to
> indicate a particular Weeping Willow of some importance, in which
case it
> would probably *not* be optional! For all I know, you and your
friend have
> spent much time under a particular willow, which you're deliberately
> recalling in your poem...)

Agreed

teithant sheerfantasy9669@...

> But I'm not really sure if I can, Is it a language that can be learnt just
like others
(Spanish, French)?

* yes

> Is the language fully compiled?

* i am afraid not

> Also I had a question. I am interested in mostly learning Sindarin and I saw
that there is an actual course in Quenya, is there one like this for Sindarin
by any chance?

* no, but learning Quenya will help you learn sindarin easier



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Ah, okay.
Is Quenya very similar to Sindarin?

Thank you for reply by the way :)

I have liked fantasy writing for quite some time, and am interested
in learning languages such as Elvish.  It was originally intended for
just one thing, but as a (hopefully) future author, I think it would
be worthwhile to learn Elvish extensively.

I just wanted to introduce myself, and I did visit Helge's site,
which is intoxicatingly informative.  I really only want to learn
Sindarin, but would it save me a lot of time and effort if I simply
went through the Quenya course first?

Sincerely,
Katie

P.S.  I'm sorry if you are asked this frequently, please bear with me
as a newcomer.  :)

> Pronounce it as in dutch "moeilijk" though I doubt any of you know dutch
;P

What a difficult word :-) luckly I have my Dutch aunty staying!
              ^^^^^^^

> Now I have a question to which I haven't found an answer yet: what is the
correct structure for the phrase "there is... there are..."; i.e., how
should I translate a sentence like "There is a house under the big tree."?
> Coa ná nu i alta alda sounds awkward to me.

I agree.

We have no attested example, but I theorize that the verb _ea_ = "is" in
the sense of "exists" can be used for "there is" in this sense. I would say
_ea coa nu i alta alda_.

I believe I discuss these things in Lesson 20.

- HF

teithant sheerfantasy9669@...

> Ah, okay.
Is Quenya very similar to Sindarin?

Thank you for reply by the way :)

* well if you can find the similarities between Quenya Noldo and Sindarin Golodh
then they are very similar

hint: both words are derived from the root NGOLODO



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This may send twice, sorry if it does.

Here is the URL for a site with all the elvish and other language lines from
the movie.

http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_elvish.htm

Maybe this is what Helge wants?

   TTFN
-Frances-

"People in modern society seem to be chameleon-like
...always wanting to please the masses.
We can become far more than we know,
if we seek out God and his blueprint for our lives."
                       -Kevin Max

fre 2002-02-01 klockan 23.30 skrev eldin_of_cuivieenen:
> > >              Sinoome nyerin, O maivoine,
> > >              In this place I mourn, with great longing,
> >
> > I think _o maivoine_ should be _yo maivoine_. (Though I seem to have
> lost
> > the reference on where I saw _yo_ for "with"...)
>
> the word _as_ for 'with' is now attested.
>

In what sense is _as_ attested for "with"? Is it like "together with"?
If it is then I wouldn't use it here since the instrumental case seems
more appropriate.

_Sinome nyerin, maivoinenen_

namárië,
Martin

Teithant eldin_of_cuivieenen:
> > And so, to truly learn _Quenya_, the diachronic production of Tolkien's
> > heart, mind, and labors, taking the _Qenyaqetsa_ as your guide is
>not only
> > "right", it is a necessary first step.
>
>I don't think so. Depends on HOW you a\want to learn Tolkien's
>languages and/or study them, as the good doctor indeed would envision
>most of the vocabulary and grammatical features (probably) obsolete
>and thus "wrong" by mature standards, and that is what I was referring to.

Agreed. Sort of like saying 'To truly learn English, studying Anglo-Saxon is
not only "right", it is a necessary first step.' That, of course, is false.
'Qenyaqetsa' is a very important document of Eldarin linguistic material
—I'm not debating that fact — but to say that it's necessary for the
learning of "mature" Quenya (I know you object to the term, Carl ...
therefore the quotation marks) is just plain wrong. Many people can ... and
have ... studied and learnt Quenya quite well without ever having set eyes
on the 'Qenyaqetsa'. 'Qenyaqetsa' is very interesting reading for what it is
... and what it is is a detailed lexicon of the language that later evolved
into Quenya. What it is NOT is a guide to Third Age Quenya nor a means to
learn Quenya.

Cuio mae, Danny.


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slr_sunweaver wrote:
> I have liked fantasy writing for quite some time, and am interested
> in learning languages such as Elvish. It was originally intended for
> just one thing, but as a (hopefully) future author, I think it would
> be worthwhile to learn Elvish extensively.

> I just wanted to introduce myself, and I did visit Helge's site,
> which is intoxicatingly informative. I really only want to learn
> Sindarin, but would it save me a lot of time and effort if I simply
> went through the Quenya course first?


There is much in Sindarin that will look more than slightly familiar if you've
dipped into Quenya, but the grammar of the two languages is quite different in
places (Sindarin, for example, seems to lack Quenya's ridiculous laundry list of
cases).


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I would also like to point out that the repeated statements that
_-lve_/_-lwe_ is dual is yet another example of a received fact that Helge
has fabricated (seemingly intentionally, given the numerous unqualified,
flat statements to this effect in his Quenya course and elsewhere). There is
no evidence to support Helge's conjecture, and clear evidence against it: In
_VT_ 42, Bill Welden cites a passage from some late, very much post-LotR
notes among Tolkien's papers, containing the sentence, "_alasaila ná lá kare
tai mo nave_ (or _navilwe_) _mára_ 'it is unwise not to do what one judges
(or we judge) good'" (p. 34). _-lwe_ here is clearly not to be construed as
dual; rather, it is plural.

|======================================================================|
| Carl F. Hostetter      Aelfwine@...     http://www.elvish.org |
|                                                                      |
|                ho bios brachys, he de techne makre.                  |
|                      Ars longa, vita brevis.                         |
|            The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.             |
|    "I wish life was not so short," he thought.  "Languages take      |
|    such a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about."   |
|======================================================================|