Method of performing Ablution (Wuzu) :

When you want to perform ablution, follow these steps -:

First of all make the intention of ablution and then say 'Bismillla Hirrahma Nirrahim' and wash both hands upto the wrists.

Then perform Miswak (clean teeth with a wooden stick).
Then by using the right hand, gargle three times and wash the inside of the mouth, ensuring that the water reaches upto the throat and also all the gums and underneath the tongue. If there is anything stuck on or between the teeth, then release it. 

Then by using the right hand suck up the water in the nose until it reaches the bone and clean the insides of the nostrils by using the left hand thumb and little finger, three times. 

After this, take water into the cup of both hands and wash the whole of the face three times, from the start of the forehead where the hair begins to grow, down to and including the chin. Also from the right hand ear lobe to the left hand one, ensuring that no place is left dry. If you have a beard then also wash this and also run your fingers through it. However, if you are wearing an Ehraam then don't run your fingers through the hair. 

Wash both arms upto and including the elbows three times. Washing the right arm first three times, then the left arm three times. 

Then perform Masah once, meaning join the fingertips of both hands together leaving out the index fingers and the thumbs on both hands. Then run water on these six fingers and then brush them over the hair, starting from the forehead and ending at the back of the neck. This is done once, ensuring that the palms of the hands and the index fingers and thumbs do not touch the head. Now bring fourth the hands by using the palms and rubbing them at either side of the head. Then clean the inside of the ears by using the index fingers and the back of the ears using the thumbs. Now wash the back of the neck by rubbing the back of the hands on either side of the neck, but ensure that the hands do not go on the throat as this would be Makrooh (disliked).

Then wash the right foot, from the toes upto and including the ankles, three times. The perform the same three times for the left foot. Ensure that you wash between the toes. 
The ablution (Wuzu) is complete and so pray this Dua ; 'Allahummajalni Minattawwabeena Wajalni Minal Mutatahhireen' .

Then take the water and stand up and drink some, as this is cure for the illnesses.
Then look towards the sky and pray; 'Subhanaka Alllahumma Wa Behamdika Ashhadu An La ilaha illa Anta Astagfiruka Wa Atoobo ilaik'

Also pray the Kalima Shahaadat and Sura Inna Anzalna. It is also better if you pray Bismilla and the Durood Sharif when washing every part, also pray Kalima Shahaadat. The above is the method of performing Ablution.

Out of these some actions are obligatory and if they were missed the ablution would not count. Some aspects are Sunnat and to miss deliberately would be an act of punishment. Some aspects are Mustahhab and to miss them would mean a reduction in reward.

Obligatory aspects of ablution (Wuzu)  :

There are four point in ablution that are obligatory.
1. To wash the face . Meaning from the beginning of the forehead where hair starts growing upto the bottom of the chin. Also from one ear to the other ear. To ensure that the skin of the face is washed once leaving no part dry.
2. To wash both hands upto and including the elbows once.
3. To perform Masah of one quarter of the head. Meaning to run wet hands over a quarter of the head and at least so that the hair gets wet slightly.
4. To wash both feet upto the ankles once. The above four aspects are obligatory in ablution. Except for these, whatever methods have been reported are either Sunnat or Mustahhab. There are many Sunnats and Mustahabs in ablution and if you would like to know these in detail, then consult larger books such as 'Bahar-e-Shariat' or 'Fatawa-e Razvia'.

Rule : To wash a part means to at least pour two drops of water over each part. To spread water over the parts lightly and not washing the part thoroughly and therefore the ablution or bathing would not count.

Rule : To wash the skin above and below the lips, nails, eyes, the hair on eyelashes, eyebrows, the skin underneath jewellery and even the hole pierced in the nose, the skin underneath the mouchtache hair and beard hair and every part or every part in the four parts mentioned is obligatory. If a pinpoint of it was left dry then the ablution will not count.

Rule : It is obligatory to perform ablution for Namaz, Sijdah-e-Tilawat or touching the Quran and it is necessary (Wajib) to perform ablution to perform Tawaf.

Makroohats (dislikes) of ablution Meaning the aspects that should not be done in ablution.

1. To perform ablution with the leftover water of ablution or bath performed by a female.
2. To spill water on a dirty place.
3. To perform ablution inside the mosque.
4. To spill used ablution water back into the bucket that contains the ablution water.
5. To spit out water or mucus etc. towards Qibla.
6. To talk of worldly things without cause.
7. To waste water unnecessary.
8. To use so little water so that all or some of the Sunnats would be missed.
9. To wash the face with one hand.
10. To throw water on the face.
11. To let ablution water drops on clothing or inside the mosque.
12. To miss any Sunnat of ablution.

Aspects that break the Ablution

1. Excretion of stools
2. Urinate
3. To break wind from behind
4. For worms or stones to be excreted from the front or rear
5. For the leaking of semen water or sperm.
6. For blood, puss to be released and for it to flow from it's position.
7. For a mouthful of vomiting of food or water, or a slight amount of vomit of blood.
8. To become insane or to pass out
9. To faint
10. To be drunk or lost in control so much that the feet stagger
11. Except for the Namaz-e-Janaaza, to laugh so loud that the person standing next to you can hear you.
12. To go to sleep.
13. Mubashart-e-Fahisha (meaning, for a man to touch a woman's private parts with his erected penis with lust or to touch another man's private parts with his erected penis, or for a woman to touch another woman's private parts with her private parts without a cloth in between these parts. In all the above situations the ablution (Wuzu) will break.

Rule : If water is released from a hurting eye or puss that is released will break the Wuzu, and it is also an impurity and therefore if it touches an item of clothing, then it is necessary to clean.

Rule : To laugh in Namaz that only you hear it yourself and no-one near you hears the laughter or voice then the Wuzu has not broken, however, the Namaz will break.

Rule : If you smile in Namaz so that only your teeth show but no voice whatsoever is heard then neither the Wuzu or Namaz will break.

Rule :Whatever moisture that leaves a man's body but does not break the Wuzu is not an impurity. For example the blood that stays in it's position or vomit that is not a mouthful are all clean.

Rule : Saliva, spittle, sweat and dirt are not impurities and therefore clean (Pak). If these items are stuck on the body or clothing, then the Namaz will count but you should have them cleaned as this is better.

Rule : The tears that come out due to crying do not break the Wuzu nor are they an impurity.

Rule : By showing your knees or body, or to look at your own or someone else's body or touch someone's body does not break the Wuzu.

Rule : If a milk drinking child vomited and if it is a mouthful then it is an impurity. If it touches something and is more than a Dirham (approx. size of a fifty pence piece) then it will make it impure. If the milk had not gone all the way in the stomach but had come back out from the throat then it is clean.

Rule : Whilst in the middle of performing Wuzu it breaks then perform the Wuzu again, and if the water that is held in the palm of the hand and you release wind then this water is useless and do not use it to wash any parts.

Method Of Bathing The method of bathing is as follows;

1. Perform the intention of bathing (Ghusl) then first of all wash the hands upto the wrists three times.
2. Then wash the private parts, whether there is any impurity stuck on them or not.
3. Then wash any part of the body which has impurity stuck on it.
4. Then perform Wuzu as performed in Namaz but do not wash the feet. However, if you are sat on a     stool or a stone etc. then wash the feet also.
5. Then rub water into the body as you would rub oil.
6. Then wash the right hand shoulder three times.
7. Then wash the left hand shoulder three times.
8. Then wash the head and all of the body three times.
9. Then move away from the place of bathing and if you did not wash the feet when performing Wuzu, wash them now. Do not face the Qibla when bathing. Ensure that you rub your hands with water all over the body whilst scrubbing. Do not bathe where someone can see you. If this is not possible then it is necessary for you to cover the body from the navel to the knees (for men). If this is not possible then perform Tayammum (see later text). Do not talk when bathing or pray any prayers. After bathing, to dry the body with a towel is perfectly allowed.

Rule : To bath naked in a careful hidden place (where no-one can see) is allowed. It is very important that women are very careful of this. After bathing wear clothes as soon as possible. Whatever aspects are Sunnat and Mustahhab in Wuzu are also the same in bathing except, if you are bathing naked then do not face Qibla and if you are wearing a cloth then there is no problem. There are three obligatory aspects in the method of bathing that has been shown, without which the bathing will not count and one will remain unclean and the rest are either Sunnat or Mustahhab and should not be left out, but if they are left out the bath will still count.

Three obligatory aspects of bathing :

There are three obligatory aspects in bathing, and are as follows;

1. To perform mouthwash so that every single part of the inside of the mouth from the beginning of the lips upto the throat is cleaned with water. Water must reach the gaps between the teeth, the gums, all the sides of the tongue and the edge of the throat. If you are not fasting then you must gargle so that the water reaches clearly all parts. If there is anything stuck in the teeth (like strands of meat, the skin of a betel nut, the leaf of a paan etc.) then unless it is impossible to release or would cause serious pain it is necessary that they are removed, because without doing this the bath won't count and therefore the Namaz won't count.
2. To clean the nose out with water. Meaning to suck up water into both nostrils until it reaches the bone, so that not even a hair or it's equivalent size remains dry, otherwise the bath will not count. If the nose is pierced then the water must reach the hole as this is also necessary. If mucus has dried in the nose then to release it is necessary and to wash the nostril hair is also necessary.
3. To wash every single part of the body. Meaning to make sure water washes all the body upto and including the soles of the feet, ensuring that every hair and every pimple is washed, because even if only one hair or it's point's equivalent remains dry, the bath will not count. Notice. A lot of people bathe by wearing an unclean cloth and think by bathing they will become clean and at the same time wash the cloth that they are wearing. This is not the case because when they rub their hands on it they actually spread the impurity all over and therefore make the whole body, cloth and the container of water unclean. This is why before bathing it is important to wash the impurity stuck on the body or on the clothing, otherwise they won't clean the body but in fact make everything that they touch unclean. This is possible if they are bathing in a river or sea and the impurity is such that it will flow away without the need for rubbing or scrubbing, if this is not so then it will remain a problem.

What aspects makes it obligatory to bathe : 

There are five aspects that make it obligatory for a person to have a bath, and they are as follows;

1. The ejaculation of sperm from it's place with lust.
2. To have a wet dream. Meaning nocturnal emission that is the releasing of sperm whilst sleeping.
3. The head of the penis to enter the vagina, whether it be with or without lust, with or without orgasm, the bathing would be obligatory on both.
4. To become clean from menstrual pause (period).
5. To become clean from blood after child birth.

Rule : If sperm was ejaculated from it's place but not due to lust, i.e. it was done by lifting a heavy load or falling from a height, then to bathe is not obligatory, however, the Wuzu is broken.

Rule : If semen dropped but was very thin and it came out whilst urinating or on it's own accord without lust then the bath does not become necessary but the Wuzu will break.

Rule : To bathe on Fridays, Eid days, on the day of Arafah (9th Zil Hajj) or when wearing the Ehraam is Sunnat.

Things that can and cannot be done when bathing is obligatory :

Rule : It is strictly forbidden to enter a mosque, to perform Tawaf (of Kaa'ba), to touch the Holy Quran, or any part of the Quran whether it is in sections or volumes [Hadiya, Alamgiri] , to pray the Quran whilst viewing it without touching it, to pray the Quran verbally, to wear or touch a ring with a word of the Quran written on it when it is obligatory for you to bathe.

Rule : If the Holy Quran is wrapped in it's cloth (Juzdaan) or has a napkin wrapped around it, then there is no problem touching it without bathing [Hadiya, Hindiya]. If a verse of the Quran is prayed but the intention was not to pray as part of the Holy Quran, then there is problem. For example, to say 'Bismilla Hirrahma Nirrahim' for auspisciousness, or to say 'Alhamdo Lillahe Rabbil Aalameen' for thankfulness or to pray when in trouble or worried 'Inna Lillahe Wa Inna Ilahi Raji'oon' or for praise the Surah Fatiha was prayed or Aayatul Qursi was prayed or another verse was prayed, however, the intention was not to pray a verse of the Quran, then there is no problem [Hindiya etc.].

Rule : To touch the Holy Quran or any verse of the Quran without ablution (but not in need to bathe) is forbidden, however to pray it verbally is no problem.

Rule : To see the Holy Quran , whether the words are seen and then prayed in the heart is allowed in any situation.

Rule : To touch the Fiqha, Hadith or Tafseer books is Makrooh. Which water is allowed to bathe or perform ablution and which is not Rainwater, sea water, ocean water, river water, stream water, canal water, well water, large pool or large lake or flowing water, snow and hailstone water is all allowed to be used to bathe or perform ablution or to clean impurities.

The rules and clarification of flowing water The clarification of flowing water is the water that flows a piece of straw, this water is clean and can clean other things. The water will not become impure if some impurity is added in it, so as long as the water's colour, smell and taste does not change. If the colour, smell or taste is changed by the impurity then the water has become impure (napak). This water will now only become clean when the impurity reaches the bottom of the waterbed and all three aspects are reverted back to it's normal situation. Otherwise, there is more water added in which would flow the impurity away and/or change the colour, smell and taste back to normal. If the clean addition has changed the colour, smell and taste then you can perform Wuzu or Ghusl (ablution or bath) until the clean addition changes to impurity. The rule and clarification of a large pool Ten arms in length and ten arms in width where water is held in known as a 'Dadarda' or large pool. It is still counted if the length is twenty arms in length and five arms in width, or it is twenty five arms in length and four arms in width, meaning it is at least twenty arms square in total. If the pool is circular then it must be approximately thirty five arms in diameter and it does not have any part of the ground above water in that diameter, this is also counted as a large pool. It will not become impure by having impurities added in, until the colour, smell or taste does not change due to the impurity.

Rule : If an impurity falls in a large pool that cannot be seen, e.g. alcohol, urine, etc. then you can perform ablution from wherever you want. If an impurity falls in that can be seen, e.g. stools, dead animal etc. then it is better to perform ablution away from where the impurity is.

Rule : Many people can perform ablution together in a large pool, even though the used water is falling back in. However, mucus, phlegm, spittle should not be added back in the water as it is against purity.

Rule of used water : 

The water that has fallen from performing ablution or bath is clean but is not allowed to be used to perform ablution or bath.

Rule : If a person who has not performed ablution, dips his hand or finger or fingernail or any part of the body which is washed in ablution, whether purposely or by mistake, in a tub of water which is less then a large pool (Dadarda) then that water cannot be used to perform ablution or bath. In the same way, if a person is in need of having a bath and any part of his body touches the water purposely or by mistake, then that water cannot be used to perform a bath or ablution. If the part of the body or hand has been washed, then there is no problem. Advice on making use of the used water If a hand is put into the water or you want to use the used water then the way of re-using it again is to add fresh clean water more than the amount of water that is held in the container or to add clean water at one side so that the used water is flowed away, then you can use the new water to have a bath or perform ablution. If water is held in small pots and you are unaware of any impurities added in them, then ablution is allowed.

Rule : If an infidel informs you that this water is clean or unclean, the water will remain clean as this was it's original situation.

Rule : Ablution cannot be performed with water squeezed from a branch of a tree or fruit water, such as water from a melon or mango or sugarcane.

Rule : If a small amount of a clean item is added to water, such as a rose, jasmine, saffron, soil or sand then it is allowed to use the water to have a bath.

Rule : If such colour or saffron is added to water so much that the due to the colour the clothes would change to that colour, then it is not allowed to perform ablution or have a bath with this water.

Rule : If milk is added to water and the colour of the water changes to the colour of the milk, then it is not allowed to perform ablution or have a bath with this water.

Water of a well. (This section has been left out as it is not deemed necessary to learn this knowledge in this day and age and in these countries, such as UK America, Africa etc.)

Rules of impurity Khafifa

Whatever part of clothing impurity Khafifa gets stuck to (e.g. sleeve, collar, trouser leg etc.) or part of the body (e.g. hand, arm, leg etc.) and if it is less than a quarter of the whole item, then the Namaz will count. If it is more than a quarter than the item, then without washing it the Namaz will not count [Alamgiri etc.].

Rule : The difference of impurity Ghaliza and Khafifa is when it gets stuck on clothing or the body. However, if an impurity, whether Ghaliza or Khafifa is added to a liquid such as water, vinegar, milk etc. then even if one drop is added the whole content becomes impure, as long as it is not a Dadarda (large pool).

What items are impurity Ghaliza :

Whatever item is discharged from a person's body that would break the Wuzu or Ghusl is impurity Ghaliza. Such as faeces, urine, flowing blood, puss, mouthful vomit, blood from menstrual pause, blood from childbirth, blood discharge, sperm, semen (thin), water from a hurting eye, navel or stomach water which comes out due to pain, flowing blood from any land animal whether Haram or Halal including small reptiles blood such as lizards, fat of a dead animal, meat of a dead animal and any faeces or urine of a Haram four legged animal such as dog, cat, tiger, cheetah, vulture, fox, wolf, donkey, ass, elephant, pig and horse dung etc. Also faeces of any Halal four legged animal such as cow or buffalo dung, goat, camel, white antelope, stag, deer dung, also dung of those birds who do not fly high such as chicken, duck, whether they are large or small. Any type of alcohol or juice that would make someone lose their sense. Also faeces and urine of a snake and also meat of a wild snake and a wild frog who has flowing blood and whether they have been slaughtered and their skin whether it has been boiled. Also meat of a pig and it's bones, skin and hair whether it has been slaughtered. All of the above is impurity Ghaliza [Alamgiri etc.].

Rule : The urine of a milk drinking child male or female is impurity Ghaliza. The fact that is commonly known that the urine of a milk drinking child is clean is totally wrong [Qazi Khan, Radd-ul-Mohtar]. If a distressed lion cub vomited milk and it was a mouthful, then it is impurity Ghaliza.

Rule : The blood of a lizard or chameleon is impurity Ghaliza.

Rule : An elephant's trunks phlegm is impurity Ghaliza. The saliva of beasts such as dogs, cheetah and other four legged beasts is impurity Ghaliza [Qazi Khan].

Rule : If impurity Ghaliza mixes with impurity Khafifa, then all of it becomes Ghaliza.

Rule : If there are various drops of impurity Ghaliza on a piece of clothing and individually it does not amount to a Dirham, however, when collated together it is the same size or more than a Dirham then the rule of a Dirham applies. The same rule applies to impurity Khafifa.

What items are impurity :

Khafifa Whatever animal's meat is Halal, such as a cow, bull, buffalo, ram, goat, camel, white antelope etc. their urine and a horse's urine is impurity Khafifa. Also those bird's meat which is Haram (whether it be a bird of prey) such as crow, eagle, falcon, hawk etc. their droppings is impurity Khafifa [Hindiya etc.]. Milk of Haram animals is impurity Khafifa, however, milk of a female horse is clean but is not allowable for drinking [Bahar-e-Shariat]. The Halal birds that fly high such as, pigeon, dove, starling, water fowl, geese etc. their droppings are not impure. Rule: The droppings and urine of a bat are both clean [Radd-ul-Mohtar].

Rule : The blood of fish and animals of water and small mites and mosquitoes is clean [Hindiya etc.].

Rule : If very small droplets of urine like the size of a pinpoint get on your clothes or body, then they will remain clean [Qazi Khan].

Rule : If the clothing has them sort of small droplets and then it drops into water, the water will remain clean [Bahar-e-Shariat].

Rule : If blood comes out due to injury but stays in it's spot and does not flow, then it is clean [Bazaziya, Qazi Khan]. The blood that has remained in the meat, spleen and liver is clean and if these items are mixed in flowing blood then it is impure and will need to be washed before making it clean [Hindiya, Bazaziya etc.].

Rule : If you are praying Namaz and there is a bottle in your pocket containing urine, alcohol, blood, then the Namaz will not count [Minya etc.]. If you have an egg in your pocket whilst praying Namaz and whether the inside of the egg is turning into blood the Namaz will count [Minya etc.].

Rule : If after performing excretion or urinating you clean the parts with a handful of sand etc. and then you perspire sweat and the clothing gets wet, they will not be unclean [Bahar-e-Shariat].

Rule : If the smoke from impurities gets on your clothes, they will not become unclean [Alamgiri, Radd-ul-Mohtar etc.].

Rule : The mud in the path is clean as long as you are not aware of any impurities being in it and if Namaz is prayed with this mud on your clothes or feet, it will count, but it is better to clean it off [Bahar-e-Shariat].

Rule : If water is passing in a stream on the pathway and some of it splashes on your clothes, the clothes will not be impure, however, it is better to clean them [Bahar-e-Shariat].

FOOD LEFTOVERS AND PERSPIRATION (SWEAT):

Rule : Who's leftovers are clean ? Human's leftovers (whether they are need of bathing or a woman who is on her menstrual cycle or still bleeding after childbirth) are clean [Khaniya, Hindiya).

Rule : The leftovers of infidels is also clean, however, you should refrain from it. In the same way, mucus, phlegm, saliva are also clean but people should avoid contact with them. You should believe it belongs to a very bad infidel [Hindiya etc.].

Rule : The animals whose meat can be eaten, whether they be four legged or birds, their leftovers are clean, for example, cow, buffalo, bull, goat, pigeon, pheasant etc.

Rule : The chickens which are free range and therefore can peck impurities, their leftovers are Makrooh (disliked), and if they are caged, then their leftovers are clean.

Rule : The leftovers of a horse are clean [Hindiya etc.].

Rule : The animals whose leftovers are impure are; pig, dog, tiger, cheetah, wolf, elephant, vulture and other carnivorous animals [Hindiya, Khaniya].

Rule : Animals that live in the house such as cats, mice, snakes, lizards etc. their leftovers are Makrooh [Khaniya, Alamgiri].

Rule : Leftovers of species that live in the water are clean, whether their birth was in or out of the water. Rule: The leftovers of birds of prey such as eagle, falcon, owl etc. are Makrooh.

Rule : The leftovers of a crow are Makrooh [Bahar].

Rule : If an eagle, falcon, hawk or owl are kept as a pet and used for hunting and you are aware that there is no impurity stuck in their beak, then their leftovers are clean.

Rule : The leftovers of donkeys and ass is doubtful and therefore water cannot be used to perform Wuzu.

Rule : If leftover water is clean then you can use it to perform ablution or have a bath, however, if a person whom it is obligatory to have a bath, drinks water without first cleaning his mouth, then Wuzu is not allowed with that leftover water because the water has been infected.

Rule : Whilst there is clean water available, it is Makrooh to use Makrooh water, however, if the only water available is the Makrooh water, then there is no harm. To eat Makrooh leftovers for a rich person it is Makrooh, for a poor person who has no choice, there is no harm. Whilst there is clean water available, it is not allowed to use doubtful water, and if the only water available is the doubtful water then you should use it for ablution or bathing and also perform Tayammum. In this situation it is necessary to make the intention of water and Tayammum, as an intention for just water or just Tayammum would not be sufficient.

Rule : You should not eat doubtful food or water.

Rule : If doubtful water is mixed with clean water, and if the clean water is more in quantity then it is allowed to be used for bathing and if it is less in quantity, then it is not.

Rule : Those who's leftovers are impure, their sweat and saliva is also impure. Those who's leftovers are clean, their sweat and saliva is also clean. Those who's leftovers are Makrooh, their sweat and saliva is also Makrooh.

Rule : If the sweat of a donkey or mule gets on your clothes, they will remain clean regardless of the quantity.