Keywords: Hebrew Aramaic bilingual bilingualism bilinguals trilingual trilinguals trilingualism multilingual loshen loshn loschen linguistics linguistic Jew Jewish Jews Judaic Judaism Torah Israel Israeli Israelite German Germanic Teutonic shtetl linguistics speak spoken languages Diaspora Galut Golus Galus universal Purim Pesach Passover Chanukah Hanukkah Hanukah Chanuka Yiddishism Yiddishist Jewry simcha smachot semachot simchas Yid Yidden Yiddishkeit yidish yidishkeit yiden Holocaust alef aleph bays gimel dalet daled heh hey vov vav zayin ches chet tes tet yod yud kaf kof chof chaf lamed mem nun samech samekh ayin 'ayin peh feh tzadi tzadee tzade tzadik tsadik tsaddik tzaddi tzaddee tzadde kuf kupf kuph resh raysh shin sin taf tav tof sof sawf soff YIVO Hebrew Aramaic languages