Dear Mobin,

Although Gilgit and Iskardu were part of Ranjit Singh's kingdom, I do not know
of any coin having been minted from there. However, once a numismatist friend of
mine did say that he had seen a sikh coin with 'Leh' mint, but since I am still
to see it, I will not confirm its existence.

Regarding the second part of your question about the population of Punjab at
that time, I am putting down the exact words from the book 'Life & Times of
Ranjit Singh' by Bikramajit Hasrat, page 375:

The kingdom of the Punjab and its feudatory states at the zenith of Ranjit
Singh's power covered an estimated an area of 1,00,436 square miles with an
approximate population estimated by Smyth five years after the Maharaja's death
to be 53,50,000. The subha wise breakup of the population of the Punjab is
estimated as  under: Lahore 19,00,000, Kashmir 5,50,000, Multan 7,50,000,
Peshawar 6,00,000, Derajat 4,50,000, Jammu and hill country 11,00,000. The city
of Lahore was the most populous of the kingdom with 72,500 inhabitants and 3000
shops. Kashmir 65,000 inhabitants and 2500 shops, Amritsar 60,000 inhabitants
and 4500 shops, Peshawar 45,000 inhabitants and 2000 shops.Multan 45,000
inhabitants and 1800 shops. Jammu 10,000 inhabitants and 250 shops and Dera
Ismail Khan 8,000 inhabitants and 300 shops.

I hope this will suffice.

Gurprit

Mobin Ahmed <mobinpns@...> wrote:
Dear Group Friends,
I want to  know if any sikh coins hoards are also known from
Gilgit and Iskardu, since these were also part of the
Kingdom of Lahore of Maharaja Ranjeet Sing.
I also want to know as to what was the population of Punjab at that time.
Kindly guide.
With regards,
Mobin Ahmed
Rawalpindi, Pakistan

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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Coins of the Sikhs


The coins of the Sikhs symbolize a unique phenomenon in the history
of medieval coins. Nowhere in the world can one witness a similar
phenomenon in the medieval period.

These coins are probably the only coins in the world which do not
carry the name of the ruler on them and symbolize a unique phenomenon
of rule through divine intervention. Even Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the
founder of Sikh sovereign state did not put his name on these coins
in strict adherence to this convention.

Another significant aspect of these coins is that these were minted
and circulated even before the founding of Sikh Sovereign State. The
Sikh Sovereign State came into existence in 1801AD  (1858VS), whereas
the coins of the Sikhs were in circulation since 1765AD (1822VS) from
Lahore mint, and since 1775AD (1832AD) from Amritsar, by Sikh Misls.
The period between 1765AD to 1801AD is also referred to as Sikh
Military Rule, since these Misls were militant organizations.

Coins of Sikhs were minted during the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
and his successors from Multan, Peshawar, Dera (Dera Ghazi Khan),
Derajat (Dera Ismail Khan), Kashmir, Dar Jhang, Malkerian (or
Mankera), Anandgarh etc. besides Lahore, the political capital of
Punjab and the seat of the Maharaja, and Amritsar, the religious and
commercial centre of then Punjab.

Coins of Sikhs are catagorised into "Nanakshahi" and
"Gobindshahi"
coins on the basis of two types of couplets, termed as
"Nanakshahi"
and "Gobindshahi"  respectively, appearing on the obverse, in
Persian
script.

                   NANAKSHAHI COUPLET

        SIKKA ZAD BAR SIM O ZAR FAZL SACHA SAHIB AST
   FATEH-E-GOBIND SINGH-E-SHAHAN TEGH-E-NANAK WAHIB AST

                  GOBINDSHAHI COUPLET

         DEGH TEGH O FATEH NUSRAT BE DIRANG
          YA-AFT AZ NANK GURU GOBIND SINGH

The above two couplets appear in slight variations on coins from
different mints at different times. These coins were discontinued in
1849AD, after the annexation of the Sikh empire by the British.

The collection and study of Sikh coins makes an interesting study.

Gurprit

Hello Sikh Coin List members,

      Here is some information I gathered on the web on Punjab.
Mobin, I think to decide what the past population was of Punjab, one
would need to define what area is considered. For example, Punjab of
today, or at that time. I am reading the size of Punjab has changed
over time considerably. I have also read the population goes up and
down some with epidemic cycles (malaria, and I imagine in the that
time. So taking it at any one year would be less informative than
average over say 20 years.
20.19 million for Punjab in 1991 AD census.
24.28 million 2001 census
     Sorry Mobin, I was not able to find the population of "Punjab"
in the time of Gilgit and Iskardu on the web. Probably there are
estimates or even official records that can be found in a good
university library. I would guess something like 10 million or more
persons, maybe lower (about 6-8 million?) immediately following any
epidemics.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale
From http://82.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PU/PUNJAB.htm
"Population.The total popuiation of the Punjab (including native
states) according to the census of 1901 was 24,754,737, showing an
increase of 6.4% in the decade. The Jats, who number some five
millions, form the backbone of the cultivating community. Large
numbers of them have become Sikhs or Mahommedans in the tracts where
those religions predominate. The Rajputs, with a total of over a
million and threequarters, comprise tribes of different religions,
races and social systems. By religion they are mostly Mahommedan,
only about one-fourth being Hindus, while a very few are Sikhs. By
race they include the ancient ruling tribes of the Jumna valley, the
Tomar and Chauhan, which gave Delhi its most famous Hindu dynasties;
the Bhattis of the south and centre, which have migrated from
Bikanir and Jeysulmere into their present seats; the Sials of Jhang;
and the Punwars of the south-west, in the northern or submontane
districts the Rajputs also represent the old ruling tribes, such as
the Chibbs of Gujrat, the Janjuas of the Salt range and others,
while in Kangra district they preserve a very old type of Hindu
aristocracy. The Gujars are an important agricultural and pastoral
tribe. They are most numerous in the eastern half of the province
and in the districts of the extreme north-west, especially in
Gujrat, to which they have given their name. Baluchis and Pathans
are strongly represented in the south-west. The distinctive religion
of the Punjab is Sikhism (q.v.), though Sikhs form only 85% of the
total population. Of the rest, Mahommedans are more numerous than
Hindus."
From www.KapurthalaOnline.com
"Punjab
History|Geography|Administration|Economy|Religion| Health, Welfare &
Education|Tourist Attractions|Map

Religion
Punjab is the only Indian state with a majority of Sikhs ( 62.95%).
Hindus make up 34.46% of the population. Other minorities in Punjab
include Muslims (1.18%), Christians (1.11%), Buddhists (0.12%), and
Jains (0.10%). The official and most widely spoken language is
Punjabi, followed by Hindi. About one-third of the population lives
in cities and towns."
"History
The word Punjab is a compound of two Persian words, panj ("five")
and ab ("water"), signifying historically the land of five waters,
or rivers. Owing to territorial changes, however, only two of the
rivers referred to (the Sutlej and the Beas) lie within the
boundaries of India's Punjab.

The foundations of the present Punjab (historical Pañjab) were laid
by Banda Singh Bahadur, a hermit who became a military leader and,
with his fighting band of Sikhs, temporarily liberated the eastern
part of the province from Mughal rule in 1709-10. Banda Singh's
defeat and execution in 1716 were followed by a prolonged struggle
between the Sikhs on one side and the Mughals and Afghans on the
other. By 1764-65 the Sikhs established their dominance in the
region. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) built up the Punjab into a
powerful kingdom and attached to it the adjacent provinces of
Multan, Kashmir, and Peshawar.

In 1849 the Punjab fell to the troops of the British East India
Company and subsequently became a province under British rule. By
the late 19th century, however, the Indian nationalist movement took
hold in this province. One of the movement's most significant events-
-the some 400 deaths and 1,200 injuries of the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre, ordered by British general Reginald E.H. Dyer--took place
at Amritsar in 1919. When India gained its independence in 1947, the
British province of Punjab was split between the new sovereign
states of India and Pakistan, and the smaller, eastern portion
became part of India.

On Nov. 1, 1966, Punjab was divided on the basis of language into
Haryana (with most of the Hindi-speaking areas) and a new, smaller
state of Punjab, and the northernmost districts were transferred to
Himachal Pradesh. Punjab's recently built capital, the city of
Chandigarh, along with the immediate surrounding region, became a
separate union territory. Though not a part of either state, the
city of Chandigarh was retained as the joint administrative
headquarters, or capital, of Haryana and Punjab."

There was considerable changes in population dynamics and numbers in
1947 due to civil disturbances.
From http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/events/partition.htm
"In the March 1947 riots, the Sikhs or Rawalpindi faced ahhihilation
and large number of them left the district. Within a few weeks
almost the entire Sikh population had migrated from the district.
Rioting in Punjab started in first week of December in the district
of Hazara. A Holy war was declared on Hindus and Sikhs. Sikh
habitations were wiped out, Gurdwaras were desecrated. Rioting in
Lahore was started in March 4 1947, it started out as stabbing and
small incidents and spread out to become arson and murder. Soon
after Muslims in Amritsar (muslims were about 40-50% of population
before partition) went rioting, a mob tried to attack Golden Temple
and were repulsed with a pitched battle fought between handful of
Sikhs under Jathedar Udham Singh Nagoke. Same day muslims of
Sharifpura (a suburb of Amristar), stopped a train full of refugees
from Pakistan for slaughter. After this incident, Sikhs and Hindus
in Amritsar were furious and many innocent muslims had to bear the
fury of anger. Soon after Amritsar was empty of Muslims. While total
number of casualties were about same on both sides, about 100-150
million refugees were exchanged between both countries. There were
large number of atrocities inflicted on women, many were abducted
and raped. In village Thoh Khalsa (now in Pakistan), 1000 Sikh and
Hindu women jumped into well to save their honor after their
menfolks were killed by Muslim mobs. It is estimated that about 1
million Hindus/Sikhs/Muslims were murdered and 10-50 millions were
injured. Property lost was in trillion of dollars. "

Dear Group Friends,
I want to  know if any sikh coins hoards are also known from
Gilgit and Iskardu, since these were also part of the
Kingdom of Lahore of Maharaja Ranjeet Sing.
I also want to know as to what was the population of Punjab at that time.
Kindly guide.
With regards,
Mobin Ahmed
Rawalpindi, Pakistan

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

praful thakkar wrote on 3/15/04, 6:57 AM:

  > Dear Gurprit and Alan,
  >
  > I would be happy to know whether the other numismatic
  > subjects like Sikh Religious Tokens or Sikh Medals of
  > Patiala,Kapurthala etc.can find place for group
  > discussion in this forum?
  >
  > It is good that coins of CIS Sutlej are given the
  > place in the subject matter of the group.
  >
  > With regards,
  >
  > Praful
  >
  >
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  >
  >
  >
  >

Dear Praful,

Medals and tokens are integral part of numismatics. Yes, these can be taken up
for discussion. But I must tell you that whereas religious tokens are
comparatively easily available, the medals are pretty scarce. Also, religious
tokens are of different varieties. Whereas some varieties are common, others are
pretty scarce. And it does make an interesting collection and study. You are
welcome to querries.

Gurprit

praful thakkar <pkthakkar@...> wrote:
Dear Gurprit and Alan,

I would be happy to know whether the other numismatic
subjects like Sikh Religious Tokens or Sikh Medals of
Patiala,Kapurthala etc.can find place for group
discussion in this forum?

It is good that coins of CIS Sutlej are given the
place in the subject matter of the group.

With regards,

Praful


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Dear Gurprit and Alan,

I would be happy to know whether the other numismatic
subjects like Sikh Religious Tokens or Sikh Medals of
Patiala,Kapurthala etc.can find place for group
discussion in this forum?

It is good that coins of CIS Sutlej are given the
place in the subject matter of the group.

With regards,

Praful


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Dear all,

A discussion on the feasibility on the formation of SikhCoins Group had
unnecessarily started on the South Asian Coins Group. I have tried to bring an
end to the discussion, and have posted a mail in this regard on the SACG. A copy
of the same is being posted here for the benefit of the members of the SikhCoins
Group. I wish that the controversy ends here and we direct our energy to more
productive and beneficial utilization. Please post your querries on the group to
make it more inter-active.


                              message posted on SACG:

Dear Satya, Dilip, Kavan, Anne and all,

Thanks to you all for your reactions to the formation of SikhCoins Group.

Satya, I personally donot know any member of the group except Dr. Berndt Becker
and Sukhdev Singh. But still when interacting in the group I feel like
discussing in the family. It is for this reason that I feel sad for any account
that is moderated for reasons other than abuse. Does it not reflect lack of
faith in the member? Some of us do tend to become a bit temperamental and get
carried away while reacting. I agree it should be avoided. But is it something
so big to invite such a harsh action? I personally feel one should be allowed to
express one's self freely and frankly as long as the feelings of others are not
hurt. You must remember that there were some curt reactions to my querry on
Lahore mint. Instead of feeling offended, I took the opportunity to learn more.
I would request you to keep the accounts of the members unmoderated where these
have been moderated for reasons other than abuse. However, whenever and wherever
you feel the forum is being, or has been, abused by
  anybody you have your rights. But please donot take away the right of free
expression sans abuse.

As I have already submitted, I will continue to interact in the SACG. It is like
this. When you have an ailment you visit a general medical practitioner. The
general practitioner diagonises your ailment and advises you to visit a
specialist for the specific ailment. I hope this is enough a reason to allow the
formation of specialist groups.

Yes, I have visited www.southasiacoins.org. Undoubtedly, it is an outstanding
effort. My heartiest congratulations. However, let me come to the basics.  This
photo gallery is excellent for those already in sikh numismatists.How could and
would it help new enterants in sikh numismatists to understand the coins or have
their doubts removed is beyond me.

Again, without being critical, may I take the opportunity to point out a few
small discrepancies, which often happen in works executed on such large scale.

On page 16 of Amritsar mint:

1. 1884/95 is a Gobinshahi coin, which has been mentioned here as a Nanakshahi
coin.
2.The 1884/96 and 1884/97 coins are Gobindshahis.
3.1884/67 is not 97, because 1884/97 is a Gobindshahi coin and the image here is
that of a Nanakshahi coin. The digits 67 could be and should be 87.

I am really glad to know of your interest in Sikh coins. I have a few images of
Sikh coins with me which I will send to you in the days to come. I hope those
will be welcome additions in your Sikh coins gallery.
And I hope I am able to convince you also to join the SikhCoins Group.

Dilip, thanks for agreeing. I would have agreed with you that the subject of
Sikh numismatics could be narrow, but for the book by Mr. Hans Herrli 'Coins of
the Sikhs'. I am indebted to Mr. Hans Herrli for comprehensively catalogueing
the Sikh coins, thereby bringing to light the most interesting facets of Sikh
history. I intend to include coins of the CIS Sutlej States (States on the south
of Sutlej river) such as coins of Patiala, Nabha, Malerkotla, Jind etc. in the
ambit of the SikhCoins Group. I hope it makes it more interesting.

Dilip, it is true that in this world the survival of the fittest theory applies.
I only hope that I find other capable persons to interact on this site. That
will ensure that the if one of us becomes inactive/inert there are others to
take over.

I have tried to ensure that the formation of SikhCoins Group becomes a non
controversial issue, and we are able to get something productive out of it.

Best wishes,

Gurprit



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Hello Sikh Coin List,
     My apologies about the poll. It was meant to be more symbolic,
and as a demonstration of how to use the poll feature, than as
real "vote" about this list. Obviously most here want this list to
exist, so the poll could "win". It would have more meaning if placed
on the SA list (which I refrained from doing, unless there was some
agreement on this list for such a poll to be placed on the SA list).
I also refrained from making any more answes to the SA list to the
critics of this list.
     I predict that the Sikh Coin List, in the end, will result in
higher membership for the SA list (by recruitment from this list),
and in more posts on the SA list about Sikh coins (because there
will be more net activityy about Sikh coins, and some of it will
spill on to the SA list, as many members of the Sikh list will be on
the SA list also). That both lists will benefit eachother.
       I read Gurprits most recent post here post with interest,
which clarified Sikh coin issues for me some. I have not made any
effort to study Sikh coins since this list was started (except to
read the posts here), later I will begin to study them more closely
from books. Also after I get my library organised, I will be askingf
or help (references and if any of you have books to sell to me), to
improve my library on Sikh coins.
      So please excuse me if any of my questions reflect my ignorance
(and everyone here should feel free to ask any questions about Sikh
coins, even to expose their ignorance, better to expose ones
ignorance and learn, than to remain ignorant in silence).
     How about dates on Sikh coins? In what numeric systems would
they appear? What calenders are used?
       With changes in rulers with Sikh coins, were there often,
always, or sometimes, easily identifiable changes in the coins at
the same time? As Sikh coins generally do not have the names of the
rulers, does this mean they are better organised by dynasty / mint /
denomination, or can they be well organised by who the authority was
at the time of issue? Of course a number of interesting anonomous
issues come to mind. The anonomous follis of the "Byzantines" or
Eastern Romans, of about the 12th century AD, bearing a "portrait"
of Jesus (which has much to do with how his image is perceived
today). The influence of Roman coins on Indian, and European, coins
is very strong through the ages. And of course many anonomous issues
of India shortly before Sikh coins come to mind. Sikh coins did not
invent themselves, so the origins of them and influences upon them
are of interest, and can aid in understanding them.
     Do list members think that everyone minting Sikh coins were
Sikhs? Were they all under the authority of Sikhs? If non Sikhs were
making Sikh coins, would such coins be like contemporary forgeries,
or simply imitations which everyone knew about, but were accepted
anyway as money? Were there official Sikh mints issuing non Sikh
coins?
     Do not feel under pressure to answer each of my questions in any
detail, just any of interest to any of our members. We have a long
time to study Sikh coins, and learn about them, the rest of each of
our lives if we wish. I am sure on this list, with time, we can
answer as yet unanswered questions about Sikh coins, even answer
questions not yet asked (though of course, we can be wrong
sometimes).
     I prefer studies with much uncertainty. In mathematics, in some
areas, there has been a trend towards development of mathematics
which can work with uncertainty (and I notice young Sikh men are
often mathematics majors at major Western Universities, including
UCLA, one of the universities attended by both of my parents as
graduate students). Even with great uncertainty, it is possible to
create order (in the mind), which fairly accurately reflects the
reality of the issue of the study. In biology also (I was a
biologist by training and work before I went into numismatics full
time, before numismatics supported my other studies / education,
since 1980, though my family has collected coins for several
generations, including in India as tourists and Asia Minor as
residents there).
        In biology, cladistics creates perfect order, gives a clear
answer for every relationship. But this order may not always reflect
reality perfectly. So most in biology now use the synthetic system,
which is a mixture of cladisitics and the older systems of
classification. Coins are much like organisms, with a few
differences, much can still be applied to them from biology.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale

Thank you
p. Bhatia


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Dear all,

Before I proceed I wish to make it clear that the SikhCoins Group has been
started with the sole purpose of acqainting new collectors with the sikh coins
and helping existing collectors and numismatists to get rid of their prejudices.
Please remember this is not a political group. This group is mainly meant for
academic and intellectual perusal and interaction.

When I started collecting coins about 12 years back, I had absolutely no idea
about the coins. I started collecting them haphazardly. Anything that came my
way found place in my collection. It was only when I came across the book by Mr.
Hans Herrli 'Coins of the Sikhs', did I realize that there was such a large,
rather unending, variety in sikh coins. Only then did I decide to concentrate on
Sikh coins. Would you believe that, till then, sikh coins were the most
neglected coins in the market and were being sold at their bullion value. Within
the last few year all that has changed. We have much more collectors for Sikh
coins, and Sikh coins are among the most sought after coins.

Again, Sikh coins were identified by the presence of the symbol of a leaf on the
reverse (the mint side), and were often confused with coins of the later Dogra
rulers. Not only this, common people were under the impression that Nanakshahi
and Gobindshahi coins referred to coins with portraits of Guru Nanak and Guru
Gobind respectively on them. Common religious tokens with portraits of teh Gurus
were thought to be coins. All these prejudices need to be redressed.

To start with, sikh coins are probably the only coins in the world which do not
carry the name of the ruler on them and are attributed to Divine intervention.
Not even Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the sovereign ruler of Punjab, dared to defy the
tenets laid down in this regard.

Again, the purpose of the symbol of the leaf on these coins has still not been
convincingly explained. Also the variety of the leaf is not the same. Then
again, no coins minted before 1832AD (Vikrami Samvat 1775) have the symbol of
the leaf on them. Also, again, the variety of coins minted with the zarb (mint)
'Sri Amritsar Jiyo' is unending, which compelled me to believe that all coins
with the legend zarb Sri Amritsar Jiyo were not minted at Amritsar, the
religious and commercial centre of the then Punjab, alone. Then there is the
elusive Jassa Singh coin. The mysteries are unending. It is well said about the
coins of the Sikhs that they raise more questions than they answer. As such, it
is my feeling that there is ample scope for discussion.

As for the need for a separate platform to discuss these coins my above
arguments should suffice. However, the purpose of this forum is not to deny the
right to discussions on Sikh coins in the SACG group. In fact, I for one will
continue to interact with the same vigour on SACG. Even on Sikh coins.

Please let us not raise a controversy in matters of intellectual and academic
persuance. I personally do not feel the need to have a vote on this account. It
should rather be deemed a right for Mr. Alan to be able to start a group. In my
opinion he has done the right thing. And I would request all those who are
interested in academic and intellectual persuance of numismatics to come and
join the group.

With malice towards none,

Gurprit



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Dear Friends,
There must be many more scholars/collectors about sikh coins who will come to
light soon. Pray for its success and avoid  any criticism.  This is not a
political group!
Regards,
Mobin Ahmed
   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Sukhdev Singh
   To: SikhCoins@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Sunday, March 14, 2004 5:39 AM
   Subject: Re: [SikhCoins] warm welcome to group



   Dear Daniel and Gurprit ji

   Thanks for setting up the Sikh Coins Group. This gives novice collectors like
myself a great oppurtunity to learn  from wisdom and knowledge of Dr Bernd
Becker, Hans Herlli, Gurprit Gujral and others on the group. Thanks and hope
this group is very active in sharing knowledge of Sikh coins.

   Regards
   Sukhdev Singh

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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Dear Group Friends,
This is only the beginning of a new group. Let it fuction. Why so much
criticism at this stage.
Coin collecting, reading history is a hobby for a common person and nothing
more.
Regards,
Mobin Ahmed
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
----- Original Message -----
From: <SikhCoins@yahoogroups.com>
To: <SikhCoins@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, March 14, 2004 8:05 AM
Subject: [SikhCoins] New poll for SikhCoins


>
> Enter your vote today!  A new poll has been created for the
> SikhCoins group:
>
> Will the Sikh Coin list be useful for
> Sikh numismatics, and as an
> educational tool about Sikh coins,
> culture, and history, for Sikh and non
> Sikh alike?
>
>   o Yes
>   o No
>   o Very much yes
>   o only time will tell
>
>
> To vote, please visit the following web page:
>
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/surveys?id=1321486
>
> Note: Please do not reply to this message. Poll votes are
> not collected via email. To vote, you must go to the Yahoo! Groups
> web site listed above.
>
> Thanks!
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>

Enter your vote today!  A new poll has been created for the
SikhCoins group:

Will the Sikh Coin list be useful for
Sikh numismatics, and as an
educational tool about Sikh coins,
culture, and history, for Sikh and non
Sikh alike?

   o Yes
   o No
   o Very much yes
   o only time will tell


To vote, please visit the following web page:

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/surveys?id=1321486

Note: Please do not reply to this message. Poll votes are
not collected via email. To vote, you must go to the Yahoo! Groups
web site listed above.

Thanks!

Hello Sikh Coin List Members,
     I have disabled being able to attach photos to posts to this
list. The reason is that in our experience this can cause members to
be infected by computer virus, and the entire list can have long
downloads from posts. To show us photos, Gurprit has already placed
some, download them at the Sikh Coin List site here where they will
be stored
http://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/lst
     I have placed one link to a Sikh Coin web page in the links
section of the Sikh Coin list. If you want to add more links, or see
the links, do so at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/links
       There are other features of the list as well. Polls allows us
to pose questions and see the views of our members.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/polls
    Calender allows the scheduling of events.
         Promote allows members to invite new members,  it is at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/promote
     Coin sellers, or people with web pages, can download the URL
from this location (promote) which will provide a button to join the
Sikh Coin List.
     Ther invite feature allows memebrs to invite to this list,
either by using their yahoo egroup user ID or email address,
it is at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/subs_invite
    The file section can be used to store photos or other files.
There are other features as well I have not described here.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale

Hello Sikh Coin List Members,
     I am happy to see this list already getting a good start. 23
members, and some of them recognised experts on Sikh coins.
      Three (out of 500) persons on the SA list have complained about
the formation of the Sikh list (no complaints from Satya yet).
      Well, I am sure some members of the Islamic list did not like
the formation of the SA list either. Perhaps SA coins if Islamic
should only have been discussed there, and if not Islamic, only on
Moneta-L (a list which can censor or ban its members for variouis
reasons, I have heard rumors, these reasons can include criticism of
the coins sold by one of the owners of the list).
      No matter, cyber space is free, and we can all form what lists
we like here, and join what lists we like, except in a few
countries. I think better not to quarrel any more on the SA list
with the no Sikh List faction. One of this faction, Kavan, I know
well and have high respect for (he is quite expert about forgeries
and alterations of Lankan coins). As we all can make or join what
lists we like, we also all have the rights to our own opinions, and
those who do not want this list to exist, can simply not join it.
     I am very experienced about coin lists for older coins (pre 1900
AD). Actually, for an individual, the lists I "own" have more
members on them than those of any other individual, and many persons
are made happy by the existance of these lists (for example, one is
the only Greek coin list, and that is a very happy list which runs
itself with almost no interference from me, 336 members now).
    I can say for certain, the formation of this list serves the
interest of the study of Sikh coins, and the interest of the study
of Sikh culture and history. Already, we have a cosmopolitan
membership from diverse relgions / World views. Any list can have
problems, but I expect we can be a happy list for the most part
(even if others are not so happy), and a long lived list (I expect
longer, in one form or the other, than any of us will live).
     So let us get on to Sikh coins, and whatever other topics the
memebrs and owner of this list care to discuss here. We need not
look to the past and other lists, how this list is conducted is
strictly up to its members and owner. I am only here to assist, I
have no agenda as to how this list should be conducted, I will
support whatever direction the owner and membership of this list
decide upon (and I am well enough equipped about list mamagement to
enforce the will of the members of this list and its owner, even
against any internal dissidents, if the owner and members of this
list should decide to supress, moderate, or censor them). I can be
something like the Scythian police force in ancient Athens, a simple
extension of the will of this list.
      In my persusing of Sikh yahoo egroups, I learned something
about Sikh culture, and Sikh history. The lists seemed peaceful and
unified enough, as much as average for yahoo egroups. However, I
could detect some internal divisions within the Sikh community, and
some indications of occasional trouble makers (non Sikh), for Sikh
lists. As I expect this list will not be a nationalist one (more of
an academic one), I expect we will not have much if any such
problems. However, if the members of this list, and its owner,
should so decide to make this list Sikh Nationalist in any way, or
One India for that matter, I will support that position (as a
moderator and advisor to the list owner and members of this list).
     I am committed to the formation and success of this list, as a
moderator, and as a beginning student of Sikh coins (and I do have
some references in my fairly large Indian coin library already, and
will obtain more). So far as opposition goes, if it is external to
this list, my advice at this point, ignore it (on the lists where it
appears). I have read the Sikh religion is the 5th largest int he
World (correct me if I am wrong), I assume after
1. Islam
2. Christianity
3. Hinduism
4. Buddhism
5. Sikhism
      Coins are an integral part of Sikh culture, history, and
cultural heritage (I am experienced in museum preperatory / field /
curatorial work). Thus, the need for at least one Sikh Coin only
internet discussion list is obvious. There are two for Islamic
coins, and many for Christian coins, and many for other types of
pagan coins (Greek, early Roman, Celtic etc.). Further, as I have
learned, the global Sikh community is highly wired to cyber reality
(which I have heard before), with many thousands of members in Sikh
yahoo egroups already (if we can recruit even 1 percent of them,
this list will soon have 200 members). Most any coin list with 200
members will be viable, active, and serve as a center globally for
the study of the type of coin it covers. Even if most of the members
came in with little to no knowledge about the type of coin the list
serves. We do not need SA numismatic experts, or Islamic coin
experts, we only need Sikh coin experts to make this list a success.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale

Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Mail - More reliable, more storage, less spam

Dear Group Friends,
Kindly guide me about the administration of justice under the empire of
Maharaja
Ranjeet Sing
Mobin Ahmed
----- Original Message -----
From: "johnoswalduk" <satnamsmoonga@...>
To: <SikhCoins@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, March 13, 2004 6:51 AM
Subject: [SikhCoins] Sikh Info


> Dear Mr Mobin Ahmed
>
> Please visit the website below for info Sikhism
>
> http://www.sikhs.org/
>
> regards
>
> Satnam Singh

Hello,
           All the group members.A very warm welcome to

        members.Keep in touch.
                       Numismatically yours
                         Narinder pal singh.



        numismatistnpsp@....

________________________________________________________________________
Yahoo! India Insurance Special: Be informed on the best policies, services,
tools and more.
Go to: http://in.insurance.yahoo.com/licspecial/index.html

Dear Group Friends,

Just a HELLO.

Congradulation  to all members.

A good news is that a dealer friend is now in

Singapore with 400 AR sikh coins, ef/vf.

Any friend interested?

Mobin Ahmed

Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Yahoo! India Promos: Win a trip for 2 to Britain. Click here.

Dear Mr Mobin Ahmed

Please visit the website below for info Sikhism

http://www.sikhs.org/

regards

Satnam Singh

Hello Sikh Coin List and Gurprit,
      We have 19 members now, I think mostly from my sending invites
to a number of coin lists.
      Now a good way to get more members is to join yahoo egroups
with Sikh persons on them, and invite these groups to join the list
(this is better done by our list owner Gurprit or any other Sikh's
on this list).
     At a minimum, in these invitations, you need tio give them the
email address to send a blank email to for joining the Sikh coin list
SikhCoins-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
     Later, we can gather up some Sikh coin sollectors by placing
links to the group on sales of Sikh coins, for example on eBay and
yahoo auction sites. There are some other methods also.
       Gurprit is already working on finding some authors and experts
about Sikh coins to join the list. Our task is to free the list from
the stone which contains it now, and let it find its own life.
       Here are the yahoo egroups I think invitations should be sent
to. Better to address each group by its own name, though I think
they can be tolerant of an invitation which is otherwise the same
for different groups (or seperate invitations written differently
can be sent to each group, either way). Those groups which you do
not want to get their posts sent to you by email, set your
membership to no email. You can go back and check in a few days on
the web to see if anyone posted about your inviation, and answer
then.
1. The Sikh-youth list
to join send an email to
Sikh-youth-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
2. The Sikh-Cyber-Museum
to join
Sikh-Cyber-Museum-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
3. The Sikh_Missionaries
To join email
Sikh_Missionaries-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
4. sikh_news_discussion
sikh_news_discussion-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
5. sikh-sewa
New York New jersey and Connecticut Sikh Youth group
sikh-sewa-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
6. sikh_professionals
sikh_professionals-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
7. Sikh (Sikh culture and history group)
Sikh-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
8. sikh_news
sikh_news-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
9. sikh_agenda UK Sikh group politics etc.
sikh_agenda-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
10. sikh_youthsurvival
sikh_youthsurvival-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
11. sikh_atp Sikh telecommunication professionals
sikh_atp-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
12. Sikh_Peace
Sikh_Peace-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
13. BU-Sikh-list
Boston University Sikh List
BU-Sikh-list-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
14. Sikh-Diaspora
large Sikh cultural list
Sikh-Diaspora-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
15. sikh_heroes
sikh_heroes-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
16. bcsikhyouth Bristish Columbia Sikh Youth
bcsikhyouth-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
17. sikhnation
Sikh Nationalists? Nationalists in general often have interest in
coins!
sikhnation-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
18. brunelsikhs Brunel Univesity Sikh List
brunelsikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
19. UFSS_QCC United Federation of Sikh students
UFSS_QCC-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
20. yorksikhs York University Sikh group
yorksikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
21. MTLSikhs
Montreal Sikhs
MTLSikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
22. lzclassic
spin off from larger Sikh list
lzclassic-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
23. sikhagenda4
sikhagenda4-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
24. SikhHRC
Sikh human rights group
SikhHRC-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
25. londonsikhsocs
London Sikhs
londonsikhsocs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
26. OrlandoSikhGurdwara
Central Florida Sikh group
OrlandoSikhGurdwara-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
27. sikhnetwork
Malaysia professional Sikhs group
sikhnetwork-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
28. pennsikhorg University of Pennsylvania Sikhs
pennsikhorg-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
29. centraljerseysikhassociation
centraljerseysikhassociation-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
30. sgnc_sangat
North Carolina Sikhs
sgnc_sangat-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
31. Minnesota_Sikhs
Minnesota_Sikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
32. TorontoSikhCoalition
TorontoSikhCoalition-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
33. NUS Sikh Society
nussikh-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
34. 1984genocide
1984genocide-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
35. ScottishSikhs
ScottishSikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
36. warwick_sikhs
university of Warwick
warwick_sikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
37. americansikh
americansikh-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
38. snswa Perth Australia Sikhs
snswa-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
39. sikhupdates
sikhupdates-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
40. New England Sikh announcements
nessc-announce-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
41. nz_sikhs
New Zealand Sikhs
nz_sikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
42. UCLA SIkhs
UCLASSA-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
43. sikhagenda6
UK Sikh human rights
sikhagenda6-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
44. NCPFRIENDS (One India group)
NCPFRIENDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
45. UnitedNaujawans
Singapore Sikhs
UnitedNaujawans-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
46. SikhWomen
Sikh Womens group that welcomes Sikh men also
SikhWomen-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
47. metropolitansikhs Washington Metro Sikhs
metropolitansikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
48. shiromanicommitteee
Research in Sikh studies
shiromanicommitteee-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
49. shin-kin
Sikh Martial arts group Sin-Kin is Sikh martial arts form
shin-kin-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
50. councilofkhalistan
Sikh Natrionalists
councilofkhalistan-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
51. sikhgay Sikh Gay (homosexual) group
sikhgay-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
52. khalistan
Sikh Nationalist Group
khalistan-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
53. B.O.S.S.
Networking group for Sikhs at British Universities
b_o_s_s-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
54. gurmatdiscussions
Gurmat (Sikh religious) group
gurmatdiscussions-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
55. akj
The Akhand Kirtani Jatha (AKJ) YahooGroup has been set up in order
to build a communication network between Gursikhs throughout the
Khalsa Panth
akj-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
56. PunjabForum
Sikh Nationalist Group
PunjabForum-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
57. ikonkar
Sikh youth, Sikh news, Panthic issues, inspiration.
ikonkar-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
58. East African Sikhs
eastafricasikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
59. synet
A medium of communication whereby Sikh Network members can share
their ideas, thoughts,and opinions in matters relating to the Sikh
faith. This public forum of discussion is geared to promote the
spiritual development of Sikh brothers and sisters while allowing
the various chapters of the network to learn from each other. New
members must be recommended by your local area coordinator.
synet-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
60. sikhsabha
Sikh Sabha of New Jersey is a Sikh Gurudwara that holds a weekly
service in the Princeton, New Jersey area.
sikhsabha-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
61. IntJSA
The International Journal of Sikh Affairs covers the areas related
from academic, justice, peace, human, economic, religious, and the
Sikh nation's, Khalistan, viewpoints.
IntJSA-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
62. WorldSikhs
Welcome to the Diploma in Sikh Studies. Waheguru Ji ka Khalsa
Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh. Please study all these articles and at the end
of it you can sit for the Diploma in Sikh Studies and obtain a
professional qualification.
WorldSikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
63. learning-zonenews
Dear Friends, Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa, Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh!! Learning-
zonenews will be a forum to discuss news and views from across the
Sikh world as relating to music, fashion, sports, politics, history,
and theology.
learning-zonenews-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
64. inderpreet2000
Mostly this group is for Punjabis, Sikhs, or Khalistanis, so they
can join this group very freely. Khroodi Jhoodi members are not
allowed in this group. It is your choice to either join the group
anytime or not, but I don't want you people complaining after
subscription that I didn't warn you about Punjabi or Sikh messages.
inderpreet2000-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
65. sloughsikhs
For the fostering of 'chardi kala' amongst the Sikh youth of Slough
and surrounding areas, with a view to improving ourselves and the
world around us.
sloughsikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
66. sikhstudent
Sikh Student Association
sikhstudent-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
67. jakara
Jakara is a summer Sikh conference held annually in Fresno,
California.
jakara-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
68. BayAreaSikhs
California San Francisco area Sikhs
BayAreaSikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
69. SikhAmericans
Sikh Americans are dedicated to communicating the message of the
Guru and the identity of Sikhs. Mediums of communications are
interfaith forums, brochures, media relations, and discussion
groups, amongst many others.
SikhAmericans-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
70. punesikhs
The aim of the group "Pune Sikhs" is to spread the message of the
Sikh Gurus and to keep each other informed about the various
important Sikh Events being organised in and around Pune.
punesikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
71. SIKHSOFGERMANY
DEH SHIVA BAR MOHE IHA SHUBH KARMAN TEY KABHU NA TAROON NA DAROO AR
SIYOO JAB JAH LAROO NISCHAI KAR APNE JEET KAROO AR SIKH HAO APNE HE
MUN KO EH LALACH HAU GUN TAU UCHROO JAB AAV KI AUDH NIDHAAN BANAY
AUT HE RAN ME TAB JOOJH MAROO SATSRIAKAAL THIS GROUP IS FOR EVERY
SIKH, WHO AIMS TO BE OR WHO IS IN GERMANY, WHATEVER BE THE PURPOSE,
STUDIES OR JOB, COME IN TOUCH AND LETS SHARE OUR VIEWS. Waiting to
hear from you....
SIKHSOFGERMANY-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
72. IndianNetwork
David Ananth Indian World business network group chambers commerce
association council tamil telegu malayali sikh hindu pio nri gopio
Free E-Mail Newsletter Malaysia India Singapore USA UK UAE United
States United Kingdom Australia Canada Sri Lanka Mauritius Pakistan
Reunion Island Indonesia Taiwan Thailand Bangladesh Vietnam
Philippines Myanmar Nepal Brunei China Japan Korea Papua New Guinea
Switzerland South Africa Germany Argentina Belgium Brazil Chile
Denmark Egypt Fiji Finland France ... more
IndianNetwork-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
73. ucdusaps
United Sikh Americans for Public Service We would like to invite you
to participate in USAPS, United Sikh Americans for Public Service, a
new student group that we recently started to promote Sikh American
awareness,
ucdusaps-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
74. sikhreviewforum
Sikh Review Forum is a Sikh well-wishers' group on web-site which
will interact between the readers and writers of the 'Sikh Review',
the monthly magazine of the Sikhs.
sikhreviewforum-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
75.destination_sachkhand
Best Sikh emails from all other forums sent Everyday
destination_sachkhand-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
76. sikhagenda5
Sikh Agenda Item 5 - Preserving Sikh heritage This agenda item
currently reads as follows: - Working with the UK Government and its
agencies to preserve Sikh heritage and promote a wider appreciation
of the rich cultural heritage of the Sikh Nation. Please post
messages relating to the above to this e-group.
sikhagenda5-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
77. GLASGOWSIKHS
WAHEGURU JI KA KHALSA WAHEGURU JI KE FATEH Hopefully through this
egroup we can bring the Sikh Youth of Glasgow closer together
through discussion.
GLASGOWSIKHS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
78. SikhCyberSangat
An open forum to discuss the contemporary issues relating to
Sikhism, Gurmat discussions, Sikhi, culture, history and news and
views are discussed.
SikhCyberSangat-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
79. Fellowship Campers
Guess what? We are online now! Who told you it ends in Cameron
Highland that was just the beginning. This is a list of young Sikh
youths in Malaysia known as the Fellowship Campers. We will
initially use the list to ask you for your opinions and suggestions
about our Fellowship Camps in Cameron Highlands but our aim is that
this list/group be the first step in building an online Sikh youth
community. This is an unofficial group, which will allow us to
discuss what is happening in our local Sikh community, as well as in
the Fellowship as a whole. I hope that this online group will
provide a forum for many young people to become acquainted and learn
more about the Sikh community the religion, both on a global and on
the local level.
fellowshipcampers-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
80. California-SSA
This E-group has been established in an attempt to enhance the
effectiveness of the Sikh Student Alliance of California. You can
use this forum to communicate with fellow Sikh students about
religion, culture, activities, and news
California-SSA-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
81. PunjabSleepingTigers
The Punjab Sleeping Tigers is a revivalist group
PunjabSleepingTigers-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
82. shrb
Sikh Heresy Regulation Board (SHRB) is an action-oriented forum for
Sikh activists committed to fighting heresy rampant in Sikh
institutions today.
shrb-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
83. KhalsaNation
KhalsaNation-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
84. darshan-list
The group for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered people
belonging to the Sikh community.
darshan-list-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
85. cusikhs
A forum for communication between members of the Sikh panth at
Columbia University. All are welcome to join!
cusikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
86. SikhSangat
Mailing list primarily for the Sikh Sangat of North Texas.
Moderated. Everyone is welcome to join.
SikhSangat-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
87. sikhbusiness
This group is for Sikh business peopel to come together to share
business advice and ideas, to make fresh business links and perhaps
even start new businesses together! Discussion topics may vary from
tax laws to marketing. Everyone from around the world is able to
join.
sikhbusiness-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
88. SikhDiaspora
This mailing list is meant for two purposes: 1. Discussion of topics
of relevance to the Sikh diaspora. This is the part about
opportunities, challenges and leverage available to the Sikhs of the
diaspora and putting these to use in a purposeful strengthening of
the Sikh identity and culture. 2. As an alternative to the other
Sikh diaspora mailing list which is censored.
SikhDiaspora-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
89. dashmesh_mission
Welcome to the Dashmesh Mission Yahoo Group. We are a local Sikh
youth group located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
dashmesh_mission-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
90. SSA-Chicago
Sikh Students Association at University of Illinois at Chicago
SSA-Chicago-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
91. sikhagenda3
Sikh Agenda Item 3 - Promotion of the Sikh identity and the Panjabi
language
sikhagenda3-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
92. SBOSS
Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh As Sikhi grows and
spreads it is impractical to monitor all Sikh Societies and events
from one central base, therefore we have split the country into
regions. This is the B.O.S.S. E-group for the South of England.
SBOSS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
93. seattle_sikhs
seattle_sikhs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
     The importance of notifying yahoo egroup diverse Sikh community
about this list are obvious, for the future development of this
list. For example, yahoo egroup members already have email, and can
easily join other yahoo egroups, and are likely to understand how to
do so and the implications of it.
    If more than one current / future member of this list is to
notify these lists about the Sikh Coin list, here is one way we
could do it. When you intend to notify some of these groups, make a
list in order of the above number for each group. Then add those
numbers to the most recent post titled for example "current list of
Sikh groups which have been invited to join". This will eliminate
repitition of effort. Some of these groups I think it would be
correct for non Sikhs to send inviatations to, others only our Sikh
members should send invitations.
      In the hours of reading these Sikh yahoo egroup statements, I
began my education about Sikhism. 5th largest World religion,
educated Sikhs in many Western nations and online, which parts of
India are with many Sikhs (I know the Indian states pretty well, but
was not clear as to exactly where Sikhs tend to live).
      If the Sikh coin list owner so directs, I can begin to send
some invitations out. Success to the Sikh Coins List.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale

Dear Group Friends,
I want to know  more about Sikhs and Singhs.
Kindly guide and advise.
With best wishes and regards,
Mobin Ahmed
Rawalpindi, Pakistan

----- Original Message -----

From: John Neila

To: SikhCoins@yahoogroups.com

Sent: Friday, March 12, 2004 8:41 PM

Subject: [SikhCoins]

 

 

 

John Neila

jneila@...

 

 

Dear Members,

I take this opportunity to welcome you all to the Sikhcoins Group.

Although Sikh history is pretty recent and most of the happenings are
recorded, and in some cases pretty well documented, The numismatic
aspect has been left unattended. Nobody cared to prepare any
documented evidence about the organisation of mints. Much of the
numismatic aspect is still shrouded in mystry. Every now and then a
new variety, a new type, crops up giving rise to new questions. It is
well said about sikh numismatics that it raises more questions than
it answers.

Let us come together and share our knowledge and experiences, and
help people to rid of their prejudices.

With you in your quest for truth,

Gurprit

Hello Gurprit,
     I have changed myself to moderator, and you to list owner. To
invite new members, you go to the home page for the list and click
on invite lower right. The link for it is
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SikhCoins/subs_invite
      Also anyone can join by sending an email to
SikhCoins-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
     When using the invite feature, you have two windows to complete,
and to click some continue features. The first window, you put who
you are inviting. This can be done by putting their yahoo user ID,
or email address. The next window you give them a message, such as
an explanation of what the invitation is about.
      I will start to promote the list some, and later give you some
suggestions how to promote the list.
Best Wishes,
Alan Van Arsdale

Dear all,

May I take this opportunity to invite one and all to join this group?
This forum will provide an excellent oportunity for interaction on
Sikh numismatics. Contrary to popular belief that there are a few
varieties in Sikh coins, the variety is unending. Despite the fact
that these coins belong to a comparatively recent period, still new
types of sikh coins are cropping up day in and day out.

Please join the group and offer your valuable comments.

Welcome all.

Gurprit