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#187 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
Date: Fri Dec 11, 2009 12:34 am
Subject: Emails reveal global warming conspiracy
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  • Skewed science Data show results different from the official climate science. The National Post. November 26, 2009
  • Scientist in climate change 'cover-up' storm told to quit Associated Newspapers. November 25, 2009
  • Let the climate debate begin Why did almost every country buy into possibly bogus science? The National Post. November 24, 2009
  • Climategate Emails released by hacker reveal that climate scientists associated with the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and various government agencies have been cooking the books to make the case for man-made global warming. The National Post. November 23, 2009
  • Hacked e-mails reveal global-warming fraud? Top climate scientists discuss hiding contrary data, marginalizing dissenters. WorldNetDaily. November 20, 2009

  •  
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    CreationWiki

    #186 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
    Date: Sun Oct 25, 2009 9:32 pm
    Subject: Origins News Update
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    OriginsNews - Creation / Evolution News

     
     
  • Fossil hailed as Man's ancestor is 'not even close relative' The fossilized lemur Darwinius masillae is not an ancestor of man and, even by evolutionary paradigms, appears to have left no modern descendants. The Times (London, UK). Oct 23, 2009.
  • The Angry Evolutionist Richard Dawkins criticizes creationists who challenge evolution due to the absence of transitional forms, asserting they are not needed to demonstrate that evolution is a fact. Newsweek. Sep 25, 2009.
  • Appendix May Be Useful Organ After All Once thought to be an evolution vestige, is now known to possess critical funtions. LiveScience. Aug 24 2009.
  • Intelligently Designed Life Only Months Away Although it may pose great threat. Times Online Aug. 21, 2009
  • Evolution Coverage Improves, Review Finds US public school's science standards cover evolution more extensively than they did nearly a decade ago. Education Week. August 12, 2009.
  • Creationism theme park caught in tax dispute A federal judge has cleared the way for the government’s seizure of a creationism theme park in Pensacola. WorldNetDaily. August 07, 2009
  • Creationist exams comparable to international A-levels according to the National Recognition Information Centre's evaluation of International Certificate of Christian Education curriculum. The Guardian. July 31, 2009
  • Weak Link: Fossil Darwinius Has Its Fifteen Minutes Outside experts now reject the claim that the lemur fossil, "Ida," represents a missing link between man and simian. Scientific American. July 22, 2009.
  • Archaeologists discover King Herod's quarry Israeli archaeologists have uncovered an ancient quarry where they believe King Herod extracted stones for the construction of the Jewish Temple 2,000 years ago. Associated Press. July 6, 2009.
  • In Darwin Anniversary Year, Zogby Poll Reveals Majority Support for Intelligent Design, Doubts about Darwinism Evolution News & Views. June 30, 2009
  • God and Science Don't Mix A scientist can be a believer. But professionally, at least, he can't act like one. Wall Street Journal. June 26, 2009
  • World's Fastest Flyer Is a Hummingbird? Researchers recently calculated dives averagin 385 times his own body length a second, experiencing almost ten times the force of gravity, or ten Gs. National Geographic News. June 12, 2009
  • Ancient handle with Hebrew text found in Jerusalem. Archeologists reported finding a jar handle bearing an inscription translating as "To Menahem" in a dig near the Mount of Olives. The handle dates back nearly 3,000 years, a date compatible with the reign of King Menahem of Israel. Associated Press, 20 May 2009.
  • California youth prevails in suit on teacher's comment about creationism Federal judge ruled that a public high school history teacher violated the First Amendment when he called creationism "superstitious nonsense" during a classroom lecture. San Jose Mercury News. May 5, 2009.
  • Graduate School Sues Texas Agency Over Academic Discrimination The ICR Graduate School is suing the Texas Higher Ed Coordinating Board, its commissioner, and several of its members for unconstitutional discrimination in their handling of the School's application for accreditation. Christian Newswire. April 21, 2009.
  • As Texas goes, so goes the nation on textbooks The State Board of Education adopted science standards that call on students to “evaluate and critique scientific explanations” including the evidence on evolution-related topics like the fossil record, natural selection as an evolutionary mechanism, the complexity of the cell, and the common ancestry of humans and animals. Washington Examiner. April 9, 2009.
  • The End of Christian America The percentage of self-identified Christians has fallen 10 points in the past two decades suggesting what our nation is about to become. Newsweek. Apr 4, 2009.
  • Predator X was the most fearsome animal ever to swim the oceans A recently discovered candidate for the Biblical leviathan is described as the most fearsome animal ever to swim in the oceans. The Times. March 17, 2009.
  • More Bible proof: Temple relics unearthed. Archaeologists, in a village south of Jerusalem, found an ancient warehouse containing pottery and seals dating back to the reign of King Hezekiah. WorldNetDaily. February 24, 2009.
  • Darwin on a Godless Creation: "It's like confessing to a murder" Darwin's heretical theories meant the end of his belief in creation by God. Scientific American. February 12, 2009
  • Happy Darwin Day? Jonathan Wells comments on the international campaign that is now under way to declare Feb 12th Darwin Day. The Washington Times. February 12, 2009
  • Seven signs of evolution in action Darwin's 200th birthday is honored by illustrating classic examples of variation within a kind (microevolution), which remains the only evidence to support Darwin's theory of macroevolution. MSNBC. Feb. 11, 2009.
  • Vatican to discuss intelligent design The Vatican will include discussion of intelligent design in a conference March 3-7 marking the 150th anniversary of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species. USA TODAY. February 11, 2009.
  • Darwin, Intelligent Design, and Freedom of Discovery on Evolutionists' Holy Day Intelligent design advocates hope for a return to academic freedom by calling February 12th "Academic Freedom Day". February 10, 2009. U.S. News & World Report.
  • Louisiana Creates: New Pro-Intelligent Design Rules for Teachers Board of Elementary and Secondary Education adopted a policy that gives teachers license to use materials outside of the regular curriculum to teach alternative scientific theories, such as intelligent design. January 15, 2009. Science Insider.
  • Like it or not, you pay for faith in evolution A case is on the way to the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the use of federal taxpayer funds to endorse the beliefs of religious groups that promote belief in evolution. WorldNetDaily. January 09, 2009
  • TBSE Critiques Misleading Propaganda Obscuring Education Issues Recent poll by an anticreation activist group has been claiming that there is essentially no controversy over origins or how they are taught. Texans for Better Science Education. January 5, 2009.
  • Still clueless about origin of life A study of over 60 relevant research papers in the fields of genetics, astrobiology, and space science concludes that science has no clue about how life began. Nature. December, 23 2008.
  • The Latest Face of Creationism in the Classroom Creationists who want religious ideas taught as scientific fact in public schools continue to adapt to courtroom defeats. By Glenn Branch and Eugenie C. Scott, Scientific American. December, 2008
  • Scientists abandon global warming 'lie' 650 leading scientists plan to dissent at a United Nations climate change conference in Poland. December 11, 2008. WorldNetDaily
  • Did our cosmos exist before the big bang? Loop quantum cosmology suggests a theory of a recycling universe, which bounces and starts expanding again. by Anil Ananthaswamy. New Scientist. December 10, 2008
  • School in clear over teaching creation A Christian school in Australia that teaches a biblical view of creation in science classes has been cleared of breaching state curriculum requirements for the teaching of evolution. The Sydney Morning Herald. December 9, 2008
  • Bush Says Creation 'Not Incompatible' With Evolution President says in televised interview the Bible is "probably not" literally true and that a belief God created the world is compatible with the theory of evolution. FOX News. December 09, 2008.
  • God and Evolution Can Co-Exist, Scientist Insists A scientist is going public with his Christian belief in God and acceptance of evolution in the wake of the Dover, Pa., school trial. FOX News. November 20, 2008
  • DNA of Ice Age's Woolly Mammoth's Mapped Their groundbreaking achievement has them contemplating a once unimaginable future when certain prehistoric species might one day be resurrected. by Seth Borenstein, Discovery News. Nov. 19, 2008
  • Science's Alternative to an Intelligence Creator: the Multiverse Theory The physical constants of the universe are too finely tuned for life to be coincidental. So scientists speculate on an infinite variety of universes to account for our presence without a Creator. Discover November 10, 2008
  • Supporters of James Ossuary Inscription’s Authenticity Vindicated Biblical Archaeology Review, November 10, 2008.
  • James Ossuary Forgery Case in Shambles Biblical Archaeology Review, October 31, 2008.
  • Ossuary hoax case may collapse San Francisco Chronicle, October 30, 2008.
  • 'Dinosaur Dance Floor' Uncovered in Utah. Paleontologists discover dense dinosaur trackway with more than 1000 tracks in region once thought to be desert. AP. October 20, 2008.
  • Clay seal connects to Bible. Archaeologists excavating near the palace of King David have found a clay bulla belonging to Gedalyahu ben Pashhur, one of King Zedekiah's courtiers. Washington Times. October 1, 2008.
  • Scientists unite for science curriculum Texas Darwinists denouce teaching creationism in public school science classrooms. The Houston Chronicle. September 30, 2008.
  • Scientists: Earth May Exist in Giant Cosmic Bubble Scientists say Earth may be trapped in an abnormal bubble of space-time that is particularly devoid of matter. Fox News. September 30, 2008
  • Vatican Official Defends Evolution Against 'Useless' Creationism. A professor at a Vatican-sponsored university expressed dismay that some Christian groups reject the theory of evolution — implicitly criticizing the literal interpretation of the Bible. FOXNEWS.COM - SCITECH. September 19, 2008.
  • Church of England issues 'apology' to Darwin. A spokesman for the Church of England has said the church misunderstood Charles Darwin's work nearly 150 years ago, and that good religion needs to work constructively with good science as well as the opposite being true. Episcopal Life Online, September 17, 2008.
  • Royal Society scientist loses post after suggesting teaching creationism in schools. By Martin Beckford. After Prof. Michael Reiss suggested that creationism be taught as a world view, not dismissed as a misconception, recriminations began immediately and he was fired as Director of Education at the Royal Society. London Daily Telegraph, September 17, 2008.
  • Leading scientist urges teaching creationism in schools by Lewis Smith and Alexandra Frean. The Education Director of the Royal Society says that summarily dismissing creation beliefs would be self-defeating. The London Times, September 12, 2008.
  •  
    Christopher W. Ashcraft

    #185 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
    Date: Sat Jan 24, 2009 7:35 pm
    Subject: OriginsNews Update (Dec08-Jan09)
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    * Louisiana Creates: New Pro-Intelligent Design Rules for Teachers
     
     
    Board of Elementary and Secondary Education adopted a policy that gives teachers license to use materials outside of the regular curriculum to teach alternative scientific theories, such as intelligent design. January 15, 2009. Science Insider.
     
    * Like it or not, you pay for faith in evolution
     
     
    A case is on the way to the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the use of federal taxpayer funds to endorse the beliefs of religious groups that promote belief in evolution. WorldNetDaily. January 09, 2009
     
    * TBSE Critiques Misleading Propaganda Obscuring Education Issues
     
     
    Recent poll by an anticreation activist group has been claiming that there is essentially no controversy over origins or how they are taught. Texans for Better Science Education. January 5, 2009.
     
    * The Latest Face of Creationism in the Classroom
     
     
    Creationists who want religious ideas taught as scientific fact in public schools continue to adapt to courtroom defeats. By Glenn Branch and Eugenie C. Scott, Scientific American. December, 2008
     
    * Scientists abandon global warming 'lie'
     
     
    650 leading scientists plan to dissent at a United Nations climate change conference in Poland. December 11, 2008. WorldNetDaily
     
    * Did our cosmos exist before the big bang?
     
     
    Loop quantum cosmology suggests a theory of a recycling universe, which bounces and starts expanding again. by Anil Ananthaswamy. New Scientist. December 10, 2008
     
    * School in clear over teaching creation
     
     
    A Christian school in Australia that teaches a biblical view of creation in science classes has been cleared of breaching state curriculum requirements for the teaching of evolution. The Sydney Morning Herald. December 9, 2008
     
    * Bush Says Creation 'Not Incompatible' With Evolution
     
     
    President says in televised interview the Bible is "probably not" literally true and that a belief God created the world is compatible with the theory of evolution. FOX News. December 09, 2008.

    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    CreationWiki

    #184 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
    Date: Thu Jul 24, 2008 1:00 am
    Subject: ICR Newsroom updates
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    Louisiana the Only State to Promote Academic Freedom (So Far)


    Last month, Louisiana became the only state to set into law some measure of academic protection for teachers who wish to present more than one side of the origins debate. The Louisiana Academic Freedom Act will shield public school teachers from discrimination or job termination if they introduce material on controversial topics in the science classroom, including evidence against biological evolution.
    Critics say the acts intention is to introduce creationism into the classroom. But just what exactly in the act's provisions irks these critics? Read the entire article.

    Tasmanian Devils: Extinction, not Macroevolution


    Tasmanian devils are breeding at younger ages, and researchers at the University of Tasmania in Australia believe the phenomenon is caused by an evolutionary response to the cancer that is devastating these small marsupials. With the disease cutting their total years down to two or three, Tasmanian devils have begun to breed as early as age one.
    Does the life and death struggle of the Tasmanian devil demonstrate strong selection for rapid evolution? Read the entire article.

    Fossil Feathers Convey Color


    Analysis of an unusual Brazilian fossil has led U.S. researchers to link microscopic fossil features to bird feather colors. The fossil has dramatic black and white banding patterns that have been interpreted as post-fossilization bacterial activity. However, there are structures in the rock in which it was found that are the same size and shape as cells from living dark feathers.
    Not only does this fossil contain the structure and shape of delicate cells, it also displays carbon-rich stripes corresponding to the preserved melanosomes. What kind of event could account for this level of preservation? Read the entire article.

    ABC News: Camels Are American Emigrants


    Some scientists believe that camels originated in North America and migrated from there. A recent ABC news story declared that "the fossil record, from over 20 million years ago, shows that every camel came exclusively from [North America]."
    However, what the fossil record really shows arefossilized camels. The reported migratory patterns and dates do not come from the fossil record, but from a set of assumptions. Read the entire article.

    World's First Artificial DNA Molecule (Well, Almost)


    Biomimicry is the science of designing machines that follow patterns that can be observed within God's creation. One example of this is the helicopter, which aviation pioneer Igor Sikorski designed after a lengthy study of dragonflies. Another case is the cutting-edge, self-cleaning boat coatings modeled on shark skin.
    Recently, biomimicry has been taken to another level: molecular. Japanese chemists have discovered how to mimic DNA. But how close is it to the real thing? Read the entire article.

    A Natural Cause of Greenhouse Gas


    Data collected through the 1980s and 1990s strongly suggested that the earth was warming. Some scientists believe the phenomenon is man-made. Other researchers are convinced that the warming trend was caused naturally, perhaps by an increase in the sun's radiation.
    Resolution of these debates seems a long way off, but a new discovery may add weight to the idea that the earth and everything in and around it, including the atmosphere, was designed by God. Read the entire article.

    National Geographic's Flatfish Story Falls Flat


    Evolutionists are praising research recently conducted on flatfish fossils, and one banner publication went a bold step further in claiming that the find contradicts intelligent design and creation arguments.
    National Geographic posted the story based on Chicago paleontologist Matt Friedmans research on two flatfish fossils found in northern Italy. Do the fossils represent evolutionary transitions from fish with eyes on either side of their heads to flatfish? Read the entire article.

    New Antibiotic Kills Drug-resistant Superbugs


    Antibiotics are a bit like electronic products. Given time, they become obsolete. Scientists at the Rockefeller University have taken antibiotic technology to the next level by targeting bacterial genes. A new drug may have turned the tables on drug-resistant "superbugs."
    Though scientists have intelligently designed a drug that may remove the dreadful threat of MRSA infection, the fact remains that drug-resistant bacteria do not demonstrate macroevolution. Read the entire article.

    Human-pig Embryos: A Question of Morality


    Researchers at the University of Warwick are attempting to develop human-pig hybrid embryos. The project's application received approval from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the U.K.'s fertility watchdog agency, in January 2008.
    No reasons are given for why it is necessary or why it is ethical. Since the experts are interested in it, and the HFEA has licensed it, this is evidently considered sufficient justification to pursue the project. But is this reason enough? Read the entire article.

    Understanding the Stem Cell Debate


    In the ongoing debate about stem cell research, few people differentiate between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Also, few know that there are over 70 successful treatments from adult stem cells and none from embryonic. Those who support the use of embryonic stem cells claim that these cells have the best potential for health and medical research.
    However, investigators have successfully converted adult stem cells back to pluripotent cells. Read the entire article.

     

    Previous articles



    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    CreationWiki

    #183 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
    Date: Thu Apr 5, 2007 2:09 am
    Subject: Origins News Digest
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    OriginsNews - Creation / Evolution News
     


    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    CreationWiki

    #182 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Fri Jan 5, 2007 4:45 am
    Subject: Creationism gains foothold in schools (England)
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    "Truth in  Science" has been active promoting the teaching of Intelligent Design
    in high schools
    and this has led to huge publicity and controversy.
    
    Truth in  Science
    www.truthinscience.org.uk
    
    Here's a recent headline.
    _________________________________________________________
    
    Creationism gains foothold in schools
    The Sunday Times December 31, 2006
    http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2524442_1,00.html
    
    THE government has cleared the way for a form of creationism to be taught in
    Britains schools as
    part of the religious syllabus.
    
    Lord Adonis, an education minister, is to issue guidelines within two months for
    the teaching of
    intelligent design (ID), a theory being promoted by the religious right in
    America.
    
    Until now the government has not approved the teaching of the controversial
    theory, which
    contradicts Darwinian evolutionary theory, the basis of modern biology.
    
    Adonis said in a parliamentary answer: Intelligent design can be explored in
    religious education
    as part of developing an understanding of different beliefs.
    
    He announced that the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) is to hold
    discussions with the
    Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, the assessment regulator, and said
    local advisory
    councils would decide whether particular schools should teach the theory.
    
    Creationists believe in the literal truth of the Biblical account of the
    creation by God in six
    days.
    
    Intelligent design argues that life and the universe are guided by a designer,
    rather than an
    undirected process as illustrated by Darwins natural selection.
    
    The theory has gained a foothold in the American state school system, sparking
    legal challenges
    from secular groups seeking to oust it from science teaching.
    
    Although Adonis stopped short of permitting the teaching of intelligent design
    in science lessons,
    one of the key lobby groups behind the theory, Truth in Science, hailed his
    statement as a
    significant breakthrough.
    
    So far no schools in Britain teach the theory as part of its religious education
    syllabus. But
    Truth in Science believes that the new government guidelines will give the green
    light to dozens
    of schools to incorporate ID in the syllabus.
    
    Andrew McIntosh, a professor of engineering at Leeds university who heads Truth
    in Science, said:
    We believe that evolutionary theory should be taught in a critical manner, and
    some space must be
    given to credible alternative theories, such as intelligent design.
    
    The lobby group says its ultimate aim is to pressure schools to teach ID in
    science lessons as a
    challenge to Darwinism. It says it has the support of about 70 heads of science
    across Britain,
    who want ID to be introduced in the national curriculum as part of science.
    
    Opponents in the Church of England dismiss it as fantasy. Colin Slee, the Dean
    of Southwark, said:
    Everything needs to be explored, so that children can ask sensible questions.
    Though I see no
    huge difficulty with exploring intelligent design or creationism or flat Earth,
    they happen to be
    misguided, foolish and flying in the face of all evidence. I see no problem with
    Darwinian theory
    and Christian faith going hand in hand.
    
    Canon Jeremy Davies, Precentor of Salisbury cathedral, said: I dont see why
    religious education
    should be a dumping ground for fantasies. If it is claimed that this is a
    scientific theory, why
    isnt it explored in science classes? Its validity or otherwise should be tested
    against the usual
    criteria.
    
    Others regard it as religious dogma masquerading as science. Richard Dawkins,
    author of The God
    Delusion, said ID was not a science and should not be taught.
    
    Page 2
    http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2524442_2,00.html
    
    
         Christopher W. Ashcraft
       Northwest Creation Network
       http://nwcreation.net
       CreationWiki
       http://creationwiki.org

    #181 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcraft@...>
    Date: Sat Dec 23, 2006 4:12 pm
    Subject: Intelligent Design Research Lab Highlighted in New Scientist
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    Intelligent Design Research Lab Highlighted in New Scientist

    An article in the latest issue of New Scientist highlights the exciting work of scientists at the Biologic Institute, a new research lab conducting biological research and experiments from an intelligent design perspective. While writer Celeste Biever cant suppress her visceral pro-Darwin bias from the story (which carries the dismissive title Intelligent design: The God Lab), Bievers article is going to make it very difficult for Darwinists to continue to assert that scientists who support intelligent design arent conducting scientific research.
     
    As Biever's article grudgingly makes clear, researchers [at the Biologic Institute lab] work at benches lined with fume hoods, incubators and microscopes--a typical scene in this up-and-coming biotech hub. The article also reports on some of the research projects underway, and even describes Darwinian biologist Ken Miller as conceding that the topics being explored are of interest to science:
    According to [Biologic Institute senior researcher Dr. Douglas] Axe, the projects currently under way at Biologic include "examining the origin of metabolic pathways in bacteria, the evolution of gene order in bacteria, and the evolution of protein folds."
     
    Certainly the topics Axe mentions are of interest to science, says Kenneth Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, who testified as an expert witness for the pro-evolution side at the Dover trial. Miller adds that they might be of particular interest to people intent on undermining evolution if, like Axe's earlier work on protein folding, they can be used to highlight structures and functions whose origins and evolution are not well understood.
     
    In addition to protein and cell biology, Biologic is pursuing a programme in computational biology which draws on the expertise of another of its researchers, Brendan Dixon, a former software developer at Microsoft. According to Axe, "On the computational side, we are nearing completion of a system for exploring the evolution of artificial genes that are considerably more life-like than has been the case previously."
    Biever's breathless, conspiratorial prose cant hide the fact that researchers at the new Institute are serious scientists with impressive research records. For example, the article notes that the Institutes senior scientist, protein researcher Douglas Axe, has published peer-reviewed research articles in the Journal of Molecular Biology and previously worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Protein Engineering, a research centre in Cambridge, UK, funded by the Medical Research Council, under the supervision of protein specialist Alan Fersht of the University of Cambridge. In addition, Dr. Axe has worked as a visiting scientist at the structural biology unit of the Babraham Institute, also in Cambridge.
     
    Biologic Institute biologist Ann Gauger has a similarly sterling track record. Dr. Gauger has published peer-reviewed research on cell adhesion in fruit flies in Nature, one of the worlds premiere science journals, as well as publishing "papers as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University.
     
    It is worth noting that Biever acknowledges that Discovery Institute has been providing funding for scientific research, including start-up support for the Biologic Institute. While Biever tries to insinuate that this commitment to funding scientific research is somehow a new development tied to recent policy debates, the facts cited in her article undermine that claim. Indeed, Biever herself notes that Discovery Institute was providing research funding for Dr. Axe by the late 1990s, which ultimately resulted in the publication of his peer-reviewed research articles in the Journal of Molecular Biology. Yes, that's right--Discovery Institute has been supporting scientific research and writing all along, just like it has said. But don't hold your breath for corrections or apologies from the Darwin spinmeisters who have insisted otherwise for the past decade.
     


    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
     

    #180 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Thu Oct 5, 2006 3:18 am
    Subject: Conference details research supporting 'young earth'
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    http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/tv/stories/DN-antievo\
    lution_01met.ART.North.Edition1.3dfe20b.html
    
    Conference details research supporting 'young earth'
    
    Dallas: Scientist says isotope data back theory, not evolution
    
    12:00 AM CDT on Sunday, October 1, 2006
    
    By SAM HODGES / The Dallas Morning News
    
    In the beginning, there was prayer. Then came nearly a full day of research
    reports from
    scientists who support the Biblical or "young earth" account of creation, not
    evolution.
    
    About 700 people packed First Baptist Church of Dallas' new Criswell Center on
    Saturday for
    "Thousands ... Not Billions," a conference put on by the California-based
    Institute for Creation
    Research.
    
    The crowd heard from, among others, John Baumgardner, a geophysicist for the
    institute who says
    that research showing large amounts of the isotope carbon-14 in coal and
    diamonds supports the
    theory of a young earth.
    
    Carbon-14 has a short half-life, he said, so it would essentially be gone from
    such materials if
    they were millions of years old.
    
    He acknowledged that most geophysicists would not agree.
    
    "What they would say is this C-14 must be the result of contamination," he said.
    "If pressed to
    demonstrate that suggestion, they are unable to do that."
    
    Creationism, which encompasses various theories, is not in the scientific
    mainstream. In the book
    Science and Creationism, for example, the National Academy of Sciences says,
    "The scientific
    consensus around evolution is overwhelming."
    
    But, the reports discussed Saturday impressed Don Pitman of Dallas, a retired
    linguist and Bible
    translator.
    
    "I think the research that has been done is top-notch, very professional," he
    said. "It really
    supports what the Bible says, that God is the creator and all of this didn't
    just come from
    nothing."
    
    Ken Embry, a retired engineer from Duncanville who describes himself as having
    "evolved from
    evolution," said the sessions supported his view that creation science has the
    better argument.
    
    "If people spent more time looking at the data," he said, "they might be
    pleasantly surprised."
    
    The conference had some interesting Dallas connections. The new Criswell Center,
    where it was
    held, is named for W.A. Criswell, the late pastor of First Baptist Dallas and a
    champion of
    biblical inerrancy.
    
    And the late founder of the Institute for Creation Research was Henry Morris, a
    Dallas native. He
    had degrees from Rice University and the University of Minnesota and taught
    engineering at
    universities.
    
    His book The Genesis Flood, written with John C. Whitcomb, was described as the
    catalyst of the
    modern creation science movement by the National Center for Science Education, a
    group that
    defends the teaching of evolution in public schools.
    
    The Institute for Creation Research is opening a Dallas branch called the Henry
    M. Morris Center
    for Christian Leadership.
    
    The center will be a base for an online graduate education and professional
    development program,
    but it also plans to offer classes and seminars at its headquarters on Royal
    Lane beginning next
    year.
    
    Henry Morris III, executive vice president of the institute and son of the
    founder, said Dallas
    was chosen because "it's in the Central time zone, with a good airport."
    
    But he also described Dallas as a "strong Christian center" that will probably
    be a supportive
    home for the teaching of the creationist worldview.
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #179 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Thu Aug 17, 2006 7:58 pm
    Subject: Why doesn't America believe in evolution?
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    Why doesn't America believe in evolution?
    
    19 August 2006
    From New Scientist Print Edition.
    http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125653.700?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nsref=mg1912\
    5653.700
    Jeff Hecht
    
    Public acceptance of evolutionHuman beings, as we know them, developed from
    earlier species of
    animals: true or false? This simple question is splitting America apart, with a
    growing proportion
    thinking that we did not descend from an ancestral ape. A survey of 32 European
    countries, the US
    and Japan has revealed that only Turkey is less willing than the US to accept
    evolution as fact.
    
    Religious fundamentalism, bitter partisan politics and poor science education
    have all contributed
    to this denial of evolution in the US, says Jon Miller of Michigan State
    University in East
    Lansing, who conducted the survey with his colleagues. "The US is the only
    country in which [the
    teaching of evolution] has been politicised," he says. "Republicans have clearly
    adopted this as
    one of their wedge issues. In most of the world, this is a non-issue."
    
    Miller's report makes for grim reading for adherents of evolutionary theory.
    Even though the
    average American has more years of education than when Miller began his surveys
    20 years ago, the
    percentage of people in the country who accept the idea of evolution has
    declined from 45 in 1985
    to 40 in 2005 (Science, vol 313, p 765). That's despite a series of widely
    publicised advances in
    genetics, including genetic sequencing, which shows strong overlap of the human
    genome with those
    of chimpanzees and mice. "We don't seem to be going in the right direction,"
    Miller says.
    
    There is some cause for hope. Team member Eugenie Scott of the National Center
    for Science
    Education in Oakland, California, finds solace in the finding that the
    percentage of adults
    overtly rejecting evolution has dropped from 48 to 39 in the same time.
    Meanwhile the fraction of
    Americans unsure about evolution has soared, from 7 per cent in 1985 to 21 per
    cent last year.
    "That is a group of people that can be reached," says Scott.
    
    The main opposition to evolution comes from fundamentalist Christians, who are
    much more abundant
    in the US than in Europe. While Catholics, European Protestants and so-called
    mainstream US
    Protestants consider the biblical account of creation as a metaphor,
    fundamentalists take the
    Bible literally, leading them to believe that the Earth and humans were created
    only 6000 years
    ago.
    
    Ironically, the separation of church and state laid down in the US constitution
    contributes to the
    tension. In Catholic schools, both evolution and the strict biblical version of
    human beginnings
    can be taught. A court ban on teaching creationism in public schools, however,
    means pupils can
    only be taught evolution, which angers fundamentalists, and triggers local
    battles over evolution.
    
    These battles can take place because the US lacks a national curriculum of the
    sort common in
    European countries. However, the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind act
    is instituting
    standards for science teaching, and the battles of what they should be has now
    spread to the state
    level.
    
    Miller thinks more genetics should be on the syllabus to reinforce the idea of
    evolution. American
    adults may be harder to reach: nearly two-thirds don't agree that more than half
    of human genes
    are common to chimpanzees. How would these people respond when told that humans
    and chimps share
    99 per cent of their genes?
    
    From issue 2565 of New Scientist magazine, 19 August 2006, page 11
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #178 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Sat Jul 29, 2006 7:55 pm
    Subject: Flood of claims for 'Noah's Ark'
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    Flood of claims for 'Noah's Ark'
    Legendary vessel of Genesis story goes from nowhere to everywhere
    
    July 16, 2006. WorldNetDaily.com
    
    After centuries of scouring the Earth for Noah's Ark, claims are now flooding in
    that the
    legendary vessel of the Bible has been found.
    
    Last month, headlines screamed that a Texas team of archaelogists believed they
    had possibly
    located the biblical boat in Iran.
    
    But hang on to the "Hallelujah!" chorus a little longer.
    
    There are numerous claims about the final resting place, from Ararat to Armenia.
    With modern
    technology and digital photography being utilized in the hunt, it seems like
    everyone is finding
    what they think is Noah's Ark.
    
    http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=50977
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #177 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Sat Jul 22, 2006 3:38 pm
    Subject: "Living fossil" discovered in SW China
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    http://english.people.com.cn/200607/21/eng20060721_285487.html
    
    "Living fossil" discovered in SW China
    July 21, 2006
    
    Experts recently discovered around 1200 Chinese Hynobiidaes in Guiding county
    Southwest of China's
    Guizhou province. These are a type of amphibian species around 300 million years
    old that once
    used to live in the dinosaur period. The discovery has offered important
    reference for the study
    on animals' evolution and welwitschiopsida's ecological environment.
    
    It is known from the fishery station of Guiding county that this precious
    species is found in
    several townships like Yanxia, Duliu. They live happily with Chinese giant
    salamanders (Andrias
    davidianus) in clear streams and ponds, appearing with an amazingly large
    population with more
    than 1000 found in Yanxia township alone.
    
    The species, named as Chinese Hynobiidae, dubbed as the "living fossil", was
    first discovered in
    Yichang, central China's Hubei province. It shares the shape of a giant
    salamander and has been
    listed on China's Red List of Endangered Species in1986.
    
    Experts attribute the successful survival of the species to the favorable
    ecological environment.
    More than 40 percent of Yanxia township is covered by forest. Hills and ravines
    are seen here and
    there; waterfalls, springs, pools and linns form along over 100 streams, all of
    which has given a
    natural reserve for the ancient animal.
    
    At present relevant authorities have already taken necessary protection measures
    for these
    emerging live flocks.
    
    By People's Daily Online
    
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #176 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Tue Mar 14, 2006 11:10 pm
    Subject: Laotian Rodent Proves Living Fossil
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    http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=0004626C-B176-1410-B1768\
    3414B7F0000
    
    March 10, 2006
    
    Laotian Rodent Proves Living Fossil
    
    When wandering through a hunter's market in Laos, Robert Timmins of the Wildlife
    Conservation
    Society happened upon a previously unknown rodent. Called kha-nyou by locals--or
    rock rat--the
    long-whiskered and furry-tailed rodent was reputed to favor certain limestone
    terrain. Western
    scientists named it Laonastes aenigmamus or stone-dwelling enigmatic
    mouse--partially because a
    live specimen has never been collected--and thought the rock rat represented a
    new family of
    mammals. But new research reported in today's Science proves that Laonastes
    actually represents a
    fossil come to life.
    
    Paleontologist Mary Dawson of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and her
    team immediately
    recognized the strange rodent as a living member of a family thought to have
    been extinct for at
    least 11 million years: the Diatomyidae. Fossilized remnants of this group have
    been found
    throughout Asia with a distinctive jaw structure and molars. A new specimen of
    Diatomys discovered
    in June of last year in China bore an uncanny resemblance to Laonastes,
    including the same body
    size and tail span.
    
    "It's the coelacanth of rodents," Dawson says, referring to the ancient fish
    believed extinct
    until a live specimen was hauled from the depths by South African fishermen.
    "One of the beautiful
    parts of this discovery was that we were able to correctly predict that
    Laonastes would have four
    roots in its molars just as in Diatomys."
    
    The rock rat represents a rare opportunity to compare assumptions derived from
    the fossil record
    and an actual living specimen to determine overall accuracy of the techniques
    involved, the
    scientists argue. It also represents tantalizing support for the theory that
    many mammals evolved
    in Asia and later colonized other continents, as its closest living relative is
    the gundis--a
    guinea pig-like rodent of northern Africa.
    
    Ultimately, kha-nyou provides a compelling argument for preservation efforts in
    Southeast Asia,
    joining tree shrews, flying lemurs and tarsiers as remnant populations of
    ancient mammal families
    in the region. "Laonastes is not the only new organism to be discovered in
    southeastern Asia,"
    Dawson adds. "The highest priority must be given to preserving this unique biota
    and especially
    Laonastes while it is still possible."
    
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #175 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Mon Mar 13, 2006 6:01 am
    Subject: Satellite Sleuth Closes in on Noah's Ark Mystery
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    http://www.livescience.com/history/060309_the_ark.html
    
    EXCLUSIVE: Satellite Sleuth Closes in on Noah's Ark Mystery
    By Leonard David
    LiveScience Senior Writer
    posted: 09 March 2006
    06:30 am ET
    
    High on Mt. Ararat in eastern Turkey, there is a baffling mountainside
    "anomaly," a feature that
    one researcher claims may be something of biblical proportions.
    
    Images taken by aircraft, intelligence-gathering satellites and commercial
    remote-sensing
    spacecraft are fueling an intensive study of the intriguing oddity. But whether
    the anomaly is
    some geological quirk of nature, playful shadows, a human-made structure of some
    sort, or simply
    nothing at allthat remains to be seen.
    
    Whatever it is, the anomaly of interest rests at 15,300 feet (4,663 meters) on
    the northwest
    corner of Mt. Ararat, and is nearly submerged in glacial ice. It would be easy
    to call it merely a
    strange rock formation.
    
    But at least one man wonders if it could be the remains of Noah's Arka vessel
    said to have been
    built to save people and selected animals from the Great Flood, the 40 days and
    40 nights of
    deluge as detailed in the Book of Genesis.
    
    The Genesis blueprint of the Ark detailed the structure as 6:1 length to width
    ratio (300 cubits
    by 50 cubits). The anomaly, as viewed by satellite, is close to that 6:1
    proportion.
    
    -------------
    
    Big Snip
    
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #174 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Tue Dec 20, 2005 10:44 pm
    Subject: Judge rules against 'intelligent design' in class
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    http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn8493
    
    Judge rules against 'intelligent design' in class
    
    17:37 20 December 2005
    NewScientist.com news service
    
    Kurt Kleiner
    
    Pennsylvania science teachers will not be forced to advocate "intelligent
    design" after a judge
    ruled that that the theory is really religion in disguise.
    
    Judge John Jones of the United States District Court for the Middle District of
    Pennsylvania ruled
    that intelligent design - which bills itself as a scientific theory and states
    that life shows
    signs of being the work of an intelligent designer - is in fact reworked
    creationism.
    
    The decision comes after 11 parents sued the Dover High School Board of
    Education for requiring
    that biology students be read a statement that cast doubt on evolution and
    endorsed intelligent
    design. Eight of the nine school board members were voted out of office in
    November, but the case
    continued in the court.
    
    In his decision, Jones systematically dismantled the arguments of the proponents
    of intelligent
    design. Jones said that the history of intelligent design shows that it is
    essentially creationism
    with explicit references to God and the Bible removed. As such, it is primarily
    a religious
    theory, not a scientific one, and cannot be taught in US public schools, which
    are prevented from
    promoting religion.
    
    Intentionally misleading
    Jones also said that language in the school board statement that evolution is
    only a "theory" is
    misleading. It confuses the scientific and colloquial meanings of "theory". And
    by singling out
    evolution from all other scientific theories it suggests that there is some
    special doubt about
    the truth of evolution.
    
    The judge stated that intelligent design cannot be considered science for a
    number of reasons. By
    depending on a supernatural cause it violates the basic ground rules of science
    that have been in
    place since the 16th century.
    
    He also found that intelligent design relies on the "false dualism" that if
    evolution can be
    disproven, then intelligent design is proven. In any case, he found that
    intelligent design's
    criticisms of evolution have been largely refuted.
    
    Check back tomorrow for more news and analyis of the verdict.
    
    Related Articles
    Intelligent Design trial is over
    http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18825252.200
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #173 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Wed Dec 14, 2005 9:51 pm
    Subject: High-Speed Microscopic Engine Found
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    http://livescience.com/animalworld/051212_nano_spring.html
    
    High-Speed Microscopic Engine Found
    By Ker Than
    
    In 1702, the famous Dutch scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek made an interesting
    discovery while
    gazing at some pond water through a hand-made microscope: He observed a
    bell-shaped organism that
    used a long, rapidly contracting stalk to attach itself to objects in its
    environment.
    
    More than 300 years after Leeuwenhoek first observed Vorticella convallaria, as
    the microscopic
    pond organism is now called, scientists are finding that its spring-like stalk
    is one of the
    fastest cellular engines ever discovered.
    
    Danielle Cook France, a biological engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of
    Technology, believes
    the stalk could be incorporated into future generations of nano-sized cellular
    engines.
    
    Nanomaterials typically involve a measurement of at least one dimension that is
    100 nanometers or
    less. A human hair is roughly 100,000 nanometers wide.
    
    The spring in the stalk is made up of contractile protein fibers and is called a
    "spasmoneme." At
    rest, the stalk is elongated like a stretched telephone cord, but when
    contracted, it winds back
    in a flash to form a tight coil.
    
    Using high-speed microscopes and special chemicals that could freeze the stalk
    in mid-coil, France
    and colleagues were able to take snap-shots of the stalk as it contracted.
    
    The researchers estimated that Vorticella's spasmoneme could contract at a speed
    of about 8
    centimeters per second. That's the equivalent of you walking the length of more
    than three
    football fields in one second.
    
    Researchers think a cellular protein known as spasmin is responsible for
    Vorticella's remarkable
    speed. Spasmin belong to a family of proteins called centrins; in humans and
    other organisms,
    centrins play an important role in cell division.
    
    "If it's knocked out in yeast, for example, the cells don't divide at all,"
    France said.
    
    Unlike many other cellular proteins, centrins aren't powered by ATP, a
    high-energy molecule that
    drives many biochemical reactions; instead, they run on calcium.
    
    France said that from an engineering perspective, using calcium to power a
    mechano-chemical engine
    is ideal because it's a fuel that can't be burned up. ATP can only be used once
    and then must be
    recycled by the cell.
    
    Calcium, in contrast, doesn't need to be recycled and provides power through
    changes in
    concentration. So the only limitation to its use as an energy source is the
    speed at which the
    cell can pump calcium between different compartments.
    
    France said her team is currently working on making fibers out of spasmin-type
    proteins but she
    thinks the nano-springs could find other applications as well.
    
    "Anywhere that you would need movement to be created in a small device, that's
    where you would use
    these," France said.
    
    France presented her findings Sunday at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American
    Society for Cell
    Biology in San Francisco.
    
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #172 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Wed Nov 2, 2005 4:41 am
    Subject: Did Life Come from Another World?
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    http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00073A97-5745-1359-94FF83414B7F\
    0000
    
    October 24, 2005
    
    Did Life Come from Another World?
    
    New research indicates that microorganisms could have survived a journey from
    Mars to Earth
    
    By David Warmflash and Benjamin Weiss
    
    Most scientists have long assumed that life on Earth is a homegrown phenomenon.
    According to the
    conventional hypothesis, the earliest living cells emerged as a result of
    chemical evolution on
    our planet billions of years ago in a process called abiogenesis. The
    alternative
    possibility--that living cells or their precursors arrived from space--strikes
    many people as
    science fiction. Developments over the past decade, however, have given new
    credibility to the
    idea that Earth's biosphere could have arisen from an extraterrestrial seed.
    
    Planetary scientists have learned that early in its history our solar system
    could have included
    many worlds with liquid water, the essential ingredient for life as we know it.
    Recent data from
    NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers corroborate previous suspicions that water has at
    least
    intermittently flowed on the Red Planet in the past. It is not unreasonable to
    hypothesize that
    life existed on Mars long ago and perhaps continues there. Life may have also
    evolved on Europa,
    Jupiter's fourth-largest moon, which appears to possess liquid water under its
    icy surface.
    Saturn's biggest satellite, Titan, is rich in organic compounds; given the
    moon's frigid
    temperatures, it would be highly surprising to find living forms there, but they
    cannot be ruled
    out. Life may have even gained a toehold on torrid Venus. The Venusian surface
    is probably too hot
    and under too much atmospheric pressure to be habitable, but the planet could
    conceivably support
    microbial life high in its atmosphere. And, most likely, the surface conditions
    on Venus were not
    always so harsh. Venus may have once been similar to early Earth.
    
    Moreover, the expanses of interplanetary space are not the forbidding barrier
    they once seemed.
    Over the past 20 years scientists have determined that more than 30 meteorites
    found on Earth
    originally came from the Martian crust, based on the composition of gases
    trapped within some of
    the rocks. Meanwhile biologists have discovered organisms durable enough to
    survive at least a
    short journey inside such meteorites. Although no one is suggesting that these
    particular
    organisms actually made the trip, they serve as a proof of principle. It is not
    implausible that
    life could have arisen on Mars and then come to Earth, or the reverse.
    Researchers are now
    intently studying the transport of biological materials between planets to get a
    better sense of
    whether it ever occurred. This effort may shed light on some of modern science's
    most compelling
    questions: Where and how did life originate? Are radically different forms of
    life possible? And
    how common is life in the universe?
    
    From Philosophy to the Laboratory
    To the ancient philosophers, the creation of life from nonliving matter seemed
    so magical, so much
    the realm of the gods, that some actually preferred the idea that ready-made
    living forms had come
    to Earth from elsewhere. Anaxagoras, a Greek philosopher who lived 2,500 years
    ago, proposed a
    hypothesis called "panspermia" (Greek for "all seeds"), which posited that all
    life, and indeed
    all things, originated from the combination of tiny seeds pervading the cosmos.
    In modern times,
    several leading scientists--including British physicist Lord Kelvin, Swedish
    chemist Svante
    Arrhenius and Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA--have
    advocated various
    conceptions of panspermia. To be sure, the idea has also had less reputable
    proponents, but they
    should not detract from the fact that panspermia is a serious hypothesis, a
    potential phenomenon
    that we should not ignore when considering the distribution and evolution of
    life in the universe
    and how life came to exist specifically on Earth.
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Earth's biosphere could have arisen from an extraterrestrial seed.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    In its modern form, the panspermia hypothesis addresses how biological material
    might have arrived
    on our planet but not how life originated in the first place. No matter where it
    started, life had
    to arise from nonliving matter. Abiogenesis moved from the realm of philosophy
    to that of
    experimentation in the 1950s, when chemists Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey
    of the University
    of Chicago demonstrated that amino acids and other molecules important to life
    could be generated
    from simple compounds believed to exist on early Earth. It is now thought that
    molecules of
    ribonucleic acid (RNA) could have also assembled from smaller compounds and
    played a vital role in
    the development of life.
    
    In present-day cells, specialized RNA molecules help to build proteins. Some
    RNAs act as
    messengers between the genes, which are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and
    the ribosomes,
    the protein factories of the cell. Other RNAs bring amino acids--the building
    blocks of
    proteins--to the ribosomes, which in turn contain yet another type of RNA. The
    RNAs work in
    concert with protein enzymes that aid in linking the amino acids together, but
    researchers have
    found that the RNAs in the ribosome can perform the crucial step of protein
    synthesis alone. In
    the early stages of life's evolution, all the enzymes may have been RNAs, not
    proteins. Because
    RNA enzymes could have manufactured the first proteins without the need for
    preexisting protein
    enzymes to initiate the process, abiogenesis is not the chicken-and-egg problem
    that it was once
    thought to be. A prebiotic system of RNAs and proteins could have gradually
    developed the ability
    to replicate its molecular parts, crudely at first but then ever more
    efficiently.
    
    This new understanding of life's origins has transformed the scientific debate
    over panspermia. It
    is no longer an either-or question of whether the first microbes arose on Earth
    or arrived from
    space. In the chaotic early history of the solar system, our planet was subject
    to intense
    bombardment by meteorites containing simple organic compounds. The young Earth
    could have also
    received more complex molecules with enzymatic functions, molecules that were
    prebiotic but part
    of a system that was already well on its way to biology. After landing in a
    suitable habitat on
    our planet, these molecules could have continued their evolution to living
    cells. In other words,
    an intermediate scenario is possible: life could have roots both on Earth and in
    space. But which
    steps in the development of life occurred where? And once life took hold, how
    far did it spread?
    
    Scientists who study panspermia used to concentrate only on assessing the basic
    plausibility of
    the idea, but they have recently sought to estimate the probability that
    biological materials made
    the journey to Earth from other planets or moons. To begin their interplanetary
    trip, the
    materials would have to be ejected from their planet of origin into space by the
    impact of a comet
    or asteroid. While traveling through space, the ejected rocks or dust particles
    would need to be
    captured by the gravity of another planet or moon, then decelerated enough to
    fall to the surface,
    passing through the atmosphere if one were present. Such transfers happen
    frequently throughout
    the solar system, although it is easier for ejected material to travel from
    bodies more distant
    from the sun to those closer in and easier for materials to end up on a more
    massive body. Indeed,
    dynamic simulations by University of British Columbia astrophysicist Brett
    Gladman suggest that
    the mass transferred from Earth to Mars is only a few percent of that delivered
    from Mars to
    Earth. For this reason, the most commonly discussed panspermia scenario involves
    the transport of
    microbes or their precursors from Mars to Earth.
    
    Simulations of asteroid or comet impacts on Mars indicate that materials can be
    launched into a
    wide variety of orbits. Gladman and his colleagues have estimated that every few
    million years
    Mars undergoes an impact powerful enough to eject rocks that could eventually
    reach Earth. The
    interplanetary journey is usually a long one: most of the approximately one ton
    of Martian ejecta
    that lands on Earth every year has spent several million years in space. But a
    tiny percentage of
    the Martian rocks arriving on Earth's surface--about one out of every 10
    million--will have spent
    less than a year in space. Within three years of the impact event, about 10
    fist-size rocks
    weighing more than 100 grams complete the voyage from Mars to Earth. Smaller
    debris, such as
    pebble-size rocks and dust particles, are even more likely to make a quick trip
    between planets;
    very large rocks do so much less frequently.
    
    
    Could biological entities survive this journey? First, let us consider whether
    microorganisms
    could live through the ejection process from the meteorite's parent body. Recent
    laboratory impact
    experiments have found that certain strains of bacteria can survive the
    accelerations and jerks
    (rates of changes of acceleration) that would be encountered during a typical
    high-pressure
    ejection from Mars. It is crucial, however, that the impact and ejection do not
    heat the
    meteorites enough to destroy the biological materials within them.
    
    Planetary geologists formerly believed that any impact ejecta with speeds
    exceeding the Martian
    escape velocity would almost certainly be vaporized or at least completely
    melted. This idea was
    later discounted, though, following the discovery of unmelted, largely intact
    meteorites from the
    moon and Mars. These findings led H. Jay Melosh of the University of Arizona to
    calculate that a
    small percentage of ejected rocks could indeed be catapulted from Mars via
    impact without any
    heating at all. In short, Melosh proposed that when the upward-propagating
    pressure wave resulting
    from an impact reaches the planetary surface, it undergoes a 180-degree phase
    change that nearly
    cancels the pressure within a thin layer of rock just below the surface. Because
    this "spall zone"
    experiences very little compression while the layers below are put under
    enormous pressure, rocks
    near the surface can be ejected relatively undeformed at high speeds.
    
    Next, let us consider survivability during the entry into Earth's atmosphere.
    Edward Anders,
    formerly of the Enrico Fermi Institute at the the University of Chicago, has
    shown that
    interplanetary dust particles decelerate gently in Earth's upper atmosphere,
    thus avoiding
    heating. Meteorites, in contrast, experience significant friction, so their
    surfaces typically
    melt during atmospheric passage. The heat pulse, however, has time to travel a
    few millimeters at
    most into the meteorite's interior, so organisms buried deep in the rock would
    certainly survive.
    
    Over the past five years a series of papers by one of us (Weiss) and his
    colleagues analyzed two
    types of Martian meteorites: the nakhlites, a set of rocks blasted off Mars by
    an asteroid or
    comet impact 11 million years ago, and ALH84001, which left the Red Planet four
    million years
    earlier. (ALH84001 became famous in 1996 when a group of scientists led by David
    McKay of the NASA
    Johnson Space Center claimed that the rock showed traces of fossilized
    microorganisms akin to
    Earth's bacteria; a decade later researchers are still debating whether the
    meteorite contains
    evidence of Martian life.) By studying the magnetic properties of the meteorites
    and the
    composition of the gases trapped within them, Weiss and his collaborators found
    that ALH84001 and
    at least two of the seven nakhlites discovered so far were not heated more than
    a few hundred
    degrees Celsius since they were part of the Martian surface. Furthermore, the
    fact that the
    nakhlites are nearly pristine rocks, untouched by high-pressure shock waves,
    implies that the
    Martian impact did not heat them above 100 degrees C.
    
    Many, though not all, terrestrial prokaryotes (simple one-celled organisms such
    as bacteria that
    lack a membrane-bound nucleus) and eukaryotes (organisms with well-defined
    nuclei) could survive
    this temperature range. This result was the first direct experimental evidence
    that material could
    travel from planet to planet without being thermally sterilized at any point
    from ejection to
    landing.
    
    The Problem of Radiation
    For panspermia to occur, however, microorganisms need to survive not only
    ejection from the first
    planet and atmospheric entry to the second but the interplanetary voyage itself.
    Life-bearing
    meteoroids and dust particles would be exposed to the vacuum of space, extremes
    in temperature and
    several different kinds of radiation. Of particular concern is the sun's
    high-energy ultraviolet
    (UV) light, which breaks the bonds that hold together the carbon atoms of
    organic molecules. It is
    very easy to shield against UV, though; just a few millionths of a meter of
    opaque material is
    enough to protect bacteria.
    
    
    Indeed, a European study using NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), a
    satellite deployed
    by the space shuttle in 1984 and retrieved from orbit by the shuttle six years
    later, showed that
    a thin aluminum cover afforded adequate UV shielding to spores of the bacterial
    species Bacillus
    subtilis. Of the spores protected by the aluminum but exposed to the vacuum and
    temperature
    extremes of space, 80 percent remained viable--researchers reanimated them into
    active bacterial
    cells at the end of the mission. As for the spores not covered by aluminum and
    therefore directly
    exposed to solar UV radiation, most were destroyed, but not all. About one in
    10,000 unshielded
    spores stayed viable, and the presence of substances such as glucose and salts
    increased their
    survival rates. Even within an object as small as a dust particle, solar UV
    would not necessarily
    render an entire microbial colony sterile. And if the colony were inside
    something as large as a
    pebble, UV protection would be sharply increased.
    
    Informative as it was, the LDEF study was conducted in low Earth orbit, well
    within our planet's
    protective magnetic field. Thus, this research could not say much about the
    effects of
    interplanetary charged particles, which cannot penetrate Earth's magnetosphere.
    From time to time,
    the sun produces bursts of energetic ions and electrons; furthermore, charged
    particles are a
    major component of the galactic cosmic radiation that constantly bombards our
    solar system.
    Protecting living things from charged particles, as well as from high-energy
    radiation such as
    gamma rays, is trickier than shielding against UV. A layer of rock just a few
    microns thick blocks
    UV, but adding more shielding actually increases the dose of other types of
    radiation. The reason
    is that charged particles and high-energy photons interact with the rocky
    shielding material,
    producing showers of secondary radiation within the meteorite.
    
    These showers could reach any microbes inside the rock unless it was very big,
    about two meters or
    more in diameter. As we have noted above, though, large rocks make fast
    interplanetary voyages
    very infrequently. Consequently, in addition to UV protection, what really
    matters is how
    resistant a microbe is to all components of space radiation and how quickly the
    life-bearing
    meteorite moves from planet to planet. The shorter the journey, the lower the
    total radiation dose
    and hence the greater the chance of survival.
    
    In fact, B. subtilis is fairly robust in terms of its radiation resistance. Even
    more hardy is
    Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterial species that was discovered during the
    1950s by agricultural
    scientist Arthur W. Anderson. This organism survives radiation doses given to
    sterilize food
    products and even thrives inside nuclear reactors. The same cellular mechanisms
    that help D.
    radiodurans repair its DNA, build extra-thick cell walls and otherwise protect
    itself from
    radiation also mitigate damage from dehydration. Theoretically, if organisms
    with such
    capabilities were embedded within material catapulted from Mars the way that the
    nakhlites and
    ALH84001 apparently were (that is, without excessive heating), some fraction of
    the organisms
    would still be viable after many years, perhaps several decades, in
    interplanetary space.
    
    Yet the actual long-term survival of active organisms, spores or complex organic
    molecules beyond
    Earth's magne-tosphere has never been tested. Such experiments, which would put
    the biological
    materials within simulated meteoritic materials and expose them to the
    environment of
    interplanetary space, could be conducted on the surface of the moon. In fact,
    biological samples
    were carried onboard the Apollo lunar missions as part of an early incarnation
    of the European
    radiation study. The longest Apollo mission, though, lasted no more than 12
    days, and samples were
    kept within the Apollo spacecraft and thus not exposed to the full
    space-radiation environment. In
    the future, scientists could place experimental packages on the lunar surface or
    on interplanetary
    trajectories for several years before returning them to Earth for laboratory
    analysis. Researchers
    are currently considering these approaches.
    
    
    Meanwhile a long-term study known as the Martian Radiation Environment
    Experiment (MARIE) is under
    way. Launched by NASA in 2001 as part of the Mars Odyssey Orbiter, MARIE's
    instruments are
    measuring doses of galactic cosmic rays and energetic solar particles as the
    spacecraft circles
    the Red Planet. Although MARIE includes no biological material, its sensors are
    designed to focus
    on the range of space radiation that is most harmful to DNA.
    
    Future Studies
    As we have shown, panspermia is plausible theoretically. But in addition,
    important aspects of the
    hypothesis have made the transition from plausibility to quantitative science.
    Meteorite evidence
    shows that material has been transferred between planets throughout the history
    of the solar
    system and that this process still occurs at a well-established rate.
    Furthermore, laboratory
    studies have demonstrated that a sizable fraction of microorganisms within a
    piece of planetary
    material ejected from a Mars-size planet could survive ejection into space and
    entry through
    Earth's atmosphere. But other parts of the panspermia hypothesis are harder to
    pin down.
    Investigators need more data to determine whether radiation-resistant organisms
    such as B.
    subtilis or D. radiodurans could live through an interplanetary journey. And
    even this research
    would not reveal the likelihood that it actually happened in the case of Earth's
    biosphere,
    because the studies involve present-day terrestrial life-forms; the organisms
    living billions of
    years ago could have fared much worse or much better.
    
    Moreover, scientists cannot quantify the likelihood that life exists or once
    existed on planets
    other than Earth. Researchers simply do not know enough about the origin of any
    system of life,
    including that of Earth, to draw solid conclusions about the probability of
    abiogenesis occurring
    on any particular world. Given suitable ingredients and conditions, perhaps life
    needs hundreds of
    millions of years to get started. Or perhaps five minutes is enough. All we can
    say with any
    certainty is that by 2.7 billion years ago, or perhaps several hundred million
    years earlier,
    life-forms were thriving on Earth.
    
    Because it is not possible at this time to quantify all the steps of the
    panspermia scenario,
    investigators cannot estimate how much biological material or how many living
    cells most likely
    arrived at Earth's surface in a given period. Moreover, the transfer of viable
    organisms does not
    automatically imply the successful seeding of the planet that receives them,
    particularly if the
    planet already has life. If, for example, Martian microbes arrived on Earth
    after life
    independently arose on our planet, the extraterrestrial organisms may not have
    been able to
    replace or coexist with the homegrown species. It is also conceivable that
    Martian life did find a
    suitable niche on Earth but that scientists have simply not identified it yet.
    Researchers have
    inventoried no more than a few percent of the total number of bacterial species
    on this planet.
    Groups of organisms that are genetically unrelated to the known life on Earth
    might exist
    unrecognized right under our noses.
    
    Ultimately, scientists may not be able to know whether and to what extent
    panspermia has occurred
    until they discover life on another planet or moon. For example, if future space
    missions find
    life on the Red Planet and report that Martian biochemistry is very different
    from our own,
    researchers would know immediately that life on Earth did not come from Mars. If
    the
    biochemistries were similar, however, scientists might begin to wonder if
    perhaps the two
    biospheres had a common origin. Assuming that Martian life-forms used DNA to
    store genetic
    information, investigators could study the nucleotide sequences to settle the
    question. If the
    Martian DNA sequences did not follow the same genetic code used by living cells
    on Earth to make
    proteins, researchers would conclude that Mars-Earth panspermia is doubtful. But
    many other
    scenarios are possible. Investigators might find that Martian life uses RNA or
    something else
    entirely to guide its replication. Indeed, yet-to-be-discovered organisms on
    Earth may fall into
    this category as well, and the exotic terrestrial creatures might turn out to be
    related to the
    Martian life-forms.
    
    Whether terrestrial life emerged on Earth or through biological seeding from
    space or as the
    result of some intermediate scenario, the answer would be meaningful. The
    confirmation of
    Mars-Earth panspermia would suggest that life, once started, could readily
    spread within a star
    system. If, on the other hand, researchers find evidence of Martian organisms
    that emerged
    independently of terrestrial life, it would suggest that abiogenesis can occur
    with ease
    throughout the cosmos. What is more, biologists would be able to compare Earth
    organisms with
    alien forms and develop a more general definition of life. We would finally
    begin to understand
    the laws of biology the way we understand the laws of chemistry and physics--as
    fundamental
    properties of nature.
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #171 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Sat Oct 22, 2005 7:07 pm
    Subject: Intelligent Design on CBS News Sunday Morning
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    CBS News Sunday Morning will feature intelligent design this week.
    
    http://www.cbsnews.com/sections/sunday/main3445.shtml
    (CBS) October 23, 2005
    
    BY DESIGN
    Darwins theory of evolution is a cornerstone of modern science. But a new
    theory called
    intelligent design challenges Darwinism, claiming scientific evidence of a
    designer guiding
    the formation of life. Some say this yet another attempt to bring religion into
    the science
    classroom. Rita Braver examines the debate.
    
    Answers in Genesis was interviewed regarding their Creation Museum and will be
    featured on the
    program.
    
    __________________________________________________
    
    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2005/1021cbsnews.asp
    
    Creation Museum to be profiled this Sunday morning on nationwide TV
    AiGs future Creation Museum will be prominently featured on the CBS News
    Sunday Morning TV
    program this Sunday, October 23. (Check your local CBS-TV listings for the
    broadcast time in your
    area; also, visit the CBS website to verify the broadcast date since breaking
    news might preempt
    the program.)
    
    CBS news reporter Rita Braver (a former White House correspondent for CBS during
    the Clinton
    administration) and a film crew visited AiG and its Creation Museum last week.
    Her story on the
    museum and the evolution wars around America will appear on the Charles
    Osgood-hosted program
    CBS News Sunday Morning. It will be the cover story for the 90-minute
    broadcast, and thus
    should be aired during the first 15 minutes of this award-winning news program.
    
    Please note that the program date is subject to change if major news happens to
    break. Because
    this broadcast may be airing as you are planning to head off for church,
    consider taping it to
    watch later.
    
    We are very thankful for the many recent opportunities to proclaim the
    creation/gospel message
    through secular media outlets, including a major recent article in the
    Washington Post (see
    Breaking News Items).
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #170 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Tue Sep 27, 2005 3:18 am
    Subject: School policy goes to federal court
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    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2005/0926Dover.asp
    
    Defending design in Dover (Pennsylvania, USA)
    School policy that questions Darwin and informs about intelligent design goes to
    federal court
    
    by Pam Sheppard, staff writer, AiGUSA
    
    September 26, 2005
    
    The debate over how origins should be taught in Americas public school science
    classes takes
    center stage in US federal court today (September 26) where the idea of
    intelligent design will be
    the main act. While no cameras will be allowed in the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    courtroom, much
    international attention will be focused on the case of Kitzmiller et al. v.
    Dover Area School
    District [see previous web article Will intelligence prevail in Dover, PA?].
    
    During the trial, which even British newspapers (like the Independent) are
    calling the most
    important legal case involving the creation/evolution debate in the USA in the
    last 18 years, the
    Dover Area School District will defend its current policy which requires
    ninth-grade students to
    hear about intelligent design (the idea that certain features of living and
    non-living things were
    designed by an intelligent cause as opposed to being formed through natural
    causes) at the
    beginning of their biology lessons on evolution.
    
    ________________________________________________________________________________\
    __________________
    Dover disclaimer text
    Because Darwins Theory is a theory, it is still being tested as new evidence is
    discovered. The
    Theory is not a fact. Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence. A
    theory is defined
    as a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
    ________________________________________________________________________________\
    __________________
    
    Intelligent design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from
    Darwins view. The
    reference book, Of Pandas and People is available for students to see if they
    would like to
    explore this view in an effort to gain an understanding of what intelligent
    design actually
    involves. As is true with any theory, students are encouraged to keep an open
    mind.
    
    
    The statement, which 11 parents of students at a Dover high school oppose, tells
    students that
    evolution is a theory and not a fact. (See sidebar for the full text.) It also
    informs them that
    intelligent design (ID) is an alternative explanation of the origin of life and
    refers them to a
    book, Of Pandas and People, if they want to learn more about ID.
    
    Is intelligent design science or religion?
    This non-juried trial, said by some observers to resemble the 1925 Scopes trial
    in Tennessee [see
    Inherit the Wind: an historical analysis] in a number of ways, is expected to be
    the first time a
    federal court has been asked to decide the question: is intelligent design
    science or religion?
    The left-leaning American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Americans United for
    Separation of
    Church and State, who joined the case, claim that the Dover policy violates the
    Establishment
    Clause of the First Amendment1 by promoting a religious doctrine.
    
    ACLU attorney, Paula Knudsen, said in a York (PA) Dispatch article (September
    23) that there are
    two things at the heart of this case. Did the school board have religious
    intentions in adopting
    a policy that mentions intelligent design, and does intelligent design have
    religious
    underpinnings? Knudsen and the ACLU attorneys in her group are set out to
    prove both.
    
    One of the most widely misreported facts about the Dover policy, according to
    the Dover Area
    School District News (February 2005), has been that Dover school district
    requires the teaching
    of intelligent design. But students are only made aware of intelligent design
    and an associated
    book during the reading of a one-minute statement prior to the ninth grade
    biology course, and so
    they are not actually taught about it.2
    
    One of the states senators, Rick Santorum, helped set the record straight in an
    editorial that
    appeared in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (December 25, 2004 and in the Dover Area
    School District
    News), by saying, The school board simply has presented a balanced curriculum
    that makes students
    aware of the controversies surrounding evolution.
    
    Richard Thompson, president and chief counsel of the Thomas More Law Center,
    which is defending
    the school district, echoed that same opinion in an Associated Press article
    (September 18) when
    he said, All the Dover school board did was allow students to get a glimpse of
    a controversy that
    is really boiling over in the scientific community.
    
    Controversy among scientistsover evolution?
    Not everyone even admits there is a controversy. Eugenie Scott, executive
    director of the
    anti-creationist National Center for Science, said in an Associated Press
    article (September 18),
    that intelligent design supporters seem to have shifted virtually entirely to
    political and
    rhetorical efforts to sway the general public. The bitter truth is that there is
    no argument going
    on in the scientific community about whether evolution took place.3
    
    The reality, however, is quite the opposite. In fact, there is a growing number
    of scientists,
    including the 400 (from all disciplines) who have signed a public statement
    saying they are
    skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to
    account for the
    complexity of life.4
    
    One of those signatures comes from Professor Philip S. Skell, member of the
    National Academy of
    Sciences, who along with Evan Pugh (Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus, at Penn
    State University)
    submitted an open letter to Dr. Steve Abrams, Chair of Kansas State Board of
    Education, during the
    Kansas evolution hearings [see Kansas evolution hearings: the case of the
    missing data].
    
    The letter stated that, For those scientists who take it seriously, Darwinian
    evolution has
    functioned more as a philosophical belief system than as a testable scientific
    hypothesis.
    
    The ACLUs double-standard
    So where does intelligent designs biggest advocate, the Discovery Institute,
    stand in this widely
    publicized case? For them, the issues are more about free speech than about
    so-called separation
    of church and state.
    
    Discovery Institute strongly opposes the ACLUs effort to make discussions of
    intelligent design
    illegal, Dr. John West, Associate Director of Discovery Institutes Center for
    Science and
    Culture said in a Discovery Institute News release (dated September 30).
    
    In fact, he recognizes the ACLU applying a double-standard in this matter by
    saying the following:
    
    Apparently the ACLU has come to believe that some ideas are just too dangerous
    for students and
    teachers to discuss. On the one hand, it insists that the First Amendment
    protects a teachers
    right to teach evidence supporting Darwins theory. On the other hand, it claims
    that the same
    First Amendment forbids teachers from discussing dissenting scientific theories.
    It looks like the
    ACLU believes that free speech only applies to one side of the evolution debate.
    
    Regarding the issue of mandatory teaching of intelligent design, West said the
    Discovery Institute
    disagrees with efforts to get the government to require the teaching of
    intelligent design.
    
    The reason for this, as West explained, is that most teachers currently do not
    know enough about
    intelligent design or have sufficient curriculum materials to teach about it
    accurately and
    objectively. (AiG has a similar stand on the mandatory teaching of creation for
    these same
    reasons.)
    
    In the Discovery Institute news release (dated September 30), West outlined the
    approach they
    recommend: Rather than require students to learn about intelligent design, what
    we recommend is
    that teachers and students study more about Darwinian evolution, not only the
    evidence that
    supports the theory, but also scientific criticisms of the theory.
    
    Predicting the outcome
    So, what will be the likely outcome of this highly anticipated trial? It will no
    doubt have
    far-reaching effects for years to come on what public school students are taught
    about the origins
    of life. The judges ruling will most likely impact 20 other states, such as
    Kansas, Ohio and
    Georgia [see The sticker didn't stick (or did it?)], where intelligent design is
    gaining support.
    In August, the Kansas Board of Education gave preliminary approval to science
    standards that allow
    alternatives, like intelligent design, to be discussed alongside evolution in
    its science classes.
    
    If we lose this case youre going to see intelligent design taught in schools
    all across the
    country, ACLU attorney Witold Walczak warned in an article in the Hartford
    (Connecticut) Courant
    (August 28).
    
    Echoing that same prediction if the Dover School Board wins the case, Thompson
    said in the Courant
    article, it will be a bellwether to start including intelligent design as part
    of the
    curriculum.
    
    David Masci of the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life made the following
    prediction in the
    legal backgrounder of important cases in the evolution debate by saying, if
    intelligent design is
    judged to be a legitimate scientific theory, it could well pass constitutional
    muster. However, if
    intelligent design is put in the same category as creation science, the court
    will likely deem
    it, in one way or another, to be an advancement of religion and hence a
    violation of the
    Establishment Clause.5
    
    No matter the outcome of this court battle (the trial is expected to last five
    weeks), the losing
    side is likely to appeal and the case eventually may find itself at the Supreme
    Court, which would
    lead to a ruling that could set a national precedent for all public school
    boards to follow.
    
    While recent polls [see And the survey shows] show that a growing number of
    Americans say they
    favor teaching creation alongside evolution in public schools, AiG does not
    support mandatory
    teaching of the creation position (imagine how unbelievers would distort our
    position), but argues
    that it would be good if Christian teachers (and other teachers) were guaranteed
    the legislative
    freedom and encouragement to present critiques of evolution and discuss
    alternatives.
    
    Check our website for continued updates on this very important court case in
    Pennsylvania. But
    keep in mind, bringing a case like this to a federal court reveals a symptom of
    a problem in
    society: the removal of biblical authority from everyday life. Christians cannot
    return America to
    its once-Christian foundation until they fully believe and reclaim biblical
    authority, beginning
    with the very first verse of Gods Word.
    
    ________________________________________________________________________________\
    __________________
    
    References and notes
    A three-part test, called the Lemon test, is frequently used to determine
    whether a government
    action violates the Establishment Clause. Under this test, an action must (1)
    have a bona fide
    secular purpose; (2) not advance or inhibit religion; and (3) not excessively
    entangle the
    government with religion. If the challenged action fails any of the three parts
    of the Lemon test,
    it is deemed to have violated the Establishment Clause. (The Pew Forum on
    Religion and Public
    Life.)
    
    Dover Area School District News, Biology Curriculum Update,
    www.dover.k12.pa.us/doversd/lib/doversd/DASD_Biology_Update_2-05.pdf, February
    2005.
    
    Raffaele, Martha, Intelligent design debate takes center stage in federal
    court, Associated
    Press, NEPA News, www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm, September 18, 2005.
    
    Discovery Institute staff, Over 400 Scientists Convinced by New Scientific
    Evidence That Darwinian
    Evolution is Deficient, Discovery Institute News,
    http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2732, July 18,
    2005.
    
    Masci, David, From Darwin to Dover: An Overview of Important Cases in the
    Evolution Debate, The
    Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=116, September 22,
    2005.
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #169 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Wed Sep 7, 2005 1:21 pm
    Subject: University of California sued for discriminating against Christian courses
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    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2005/0906uc.asp
    
    University of California sued for discriminating against Christian courses
    
    Some college-prep classes deemed too religious
    
    by Pam Sheppard, staff writer, AiGUSA
    
    September 6, 2005
    
    For high school seniors, applying for college should be an exciting timeeven
    more so for those
    with outstanding academic and extracurricular records. For these students, the
    sky should be the
    limit when it comes to choice. Sadly, that wont be the case for six high school
    students whose
    acceptance to the University of California (UC) system1 has already been
    decided, even though they
    havent even applied.
    
    Unless they choose to take other college-prep classes that use textbooks deemed
    acceptable by
    UC, these students applications will most likely be denied. The reason: the
    Christian textbooks
    used in several new college-prep courses at their high school were considered
    too religious to
    be accepted for college-entrance credit at UC.
    
    On August 25, these six students, along with their school, Calvary Chapel
    Christian School in
    Murrieta, California and the Association of Christian Schools International
    (ACSI),2 filed a
    federal lawsuit against the University of California where, according to the LA
    Times (August 27),
    admissions officials have been accused of discriminating against high schools
    that teach
    creationism and other conservative Christian viewpoints.
    
    According to the Times article, UCs board of admissions advised the school that
    it would not
    approve biology and science courses that relied primarily on textbooks published
    by Bob Jones
    University Press and A Beka Books. Some of the schools Christian-oriented
    courses were too
    narrow to be acceptable, university officials wrote in letters to Calvary
    Chapel.
    
    Wendell R. Bird, an Atlanta lawyer who is representing the ACSI in the suit
    summed up the
    situation in the Inside Higher Ed article (August 29) when he said, All
    viewpoints are perfectly
    acceptable until they are Christian.
    
    Bird goes on to say that the university system approves courses and offers its
    own courses from
    Buddhist, Jewish, feminist and other viewpoints. This is picking one viewpoint
    and banning it for
    being Christian.
    
    According to an ACSI Legal Legislative Update (Fall 2005), in a May 2004 meeting
    between Christian
    school personnel, UC personnel and attorneys from both sides of the issue, the
    UC representatives
    indicated that there was no problem with the material facts in the BJU physics
    textbookthat if
    the Scripture verses that begin each chapter were removed the textbook would
    likely be approved
    for the science lab course requirement.
    
    The Update article goes on to say that as the discussion continued about the
    biology books, it
    became evident that they were rejected because they appeared to state the
    perspective that the
    Bible is revelation and along with faith is more authoritative than the
    observations of science,
    especially if there were a conflict over a factual scientific issue.
    
    As reported by the Inside Higher Ed, the science courses that have been rejected
    teach not only
    creationism or intelligent design, but also teach the standard content of
    evolution, even if the
    teachers do not believe the content.
    
    Other courses rejected by UC officials, according to the Times article (August
    27), include
    Christianitys Influence in American History, Christianity and Morality in
    American Literature
    and Special Providence: American Government.
    
    Not surprisingly, professors at the University of California praised the
    University for requiring
    applicants to have been taught evolution.
    
    If you dont understand evolution, you dont understand biology, Albert F.
    Bennett, chair of
    ecology and evolutionary biology at the universitys Irvine campus said in the
    Inside Higher Ed
    article. If you dont understand biology, you dont understand modern science.
    A student
    ill-versed in science is poorly prepared for university-level work.
    
    AiG has pointed out numerous times that a belief in molecules-to-man evolution
    contributes nothing
    to a persons understanding of empirical science and plays no essential role in
    biomedical
    research or education (for examples, see A Philly story), as stated by Ph.D.
    cell biologist and
    AiG speaker Dr. David Menton.
    
    While California may be the only state in the nation that has taken such actions
    against Christian
    schools, according to the Times, what does this lawsuit say about the future?
    
    If California, which is more hostile towards Christians than other states,
    isnt stopped, this
    kind of discrimination will spread. This is really a foretaste of things to
    come, said Jonathan
    McCants, attorney with law firm of Bird & Loechl, who (along with the southern
    California public
    interest law firm Advocates for Faith and Freedom) will represent the
    plaintiffs.
    
    McCants isnt alone in his concern. ACSI is concerned that this secular
    intolerance might spread
    to other institutions and to other states saying in the Update that, It appears
    to [them] that it
    is only a matter of time before all schools using these textbooks will find that
    they no longer
    meet the requirements for UC course approval.
    
    McCants said that UC has been deliberate in their reach of their policies,
    noting that at first
    only new courses were affected, but by 2006, they reserve the right to review
    all courses
    
    And when it comes to academic freedom, ACSI representatives were quick to point
    out the double
    standard set forth by the university. Isnt it surprising that, as everyone
    knows, public
    university personnel adamantly defend their right to academic freedomyet these
    same people seem
    to be denying equal freedom to California Christian high schools and to those
    who attend these
    schools.
    
    If organizations as ACSI aren't willing to stand up to this kind of
    discrimination, it will
    affect everybody, said McCants.
    
    The bias shown by UC has most certainly affected these six students and their
    families. Answers in
    Genesis applauds their boldness, along with ACSI, in standing up for the
    authority of the Word of
    God.
    
    Notes
    The University of California (USA) represents 10 university campuses such as
    UCLA, UC Berkeley and
    UC San Diego. Return to text.
    ACSI represents more than 800 religious schools in the state and 4,000
    nationwide. Return to text.
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #168 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Mon Aug 22, 2005 11:54 pm
    Subject: Frist Backs 'Intelligent Design' Teaching
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    Frist Backs 'Intelligent Design' Teaching
    http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=1052242
    
    Bill Frist Says 'Intelligent Design' Should Be Taught in Schools Alongside
    Evolution
    By ROSE FRENCH
    The Associated Press
    
    Aug. 19, 2005 - Echoing similar comments from President Bush, Senate Majority
    Leader Bill Frist
    said "intelligent design" should be taught in public schools alongside
    evolution.
    
    Frist, R-Tenn., spoke to a Rotary Club meeting Friday and told reporters
    afterward that students
    need to be exposed to different ideas, including intelligent design.
    
    "I think today a pluralistic society should have access to a broad range of
    fact, of science,
    including faith," Frist said.
    
    Frist, a doctor who graduated from Harvard Medical School, said exposing
    children to both
    evolution and intelligent design "doesn't force any particular theory on anyone.
    I think in a
    pluralistic society that is the fairest way to go about education and training
    people for the
    future."
    
    The theory of intelligent design says life on earth is too complex to have
    developed through
    evolution, implying that a higher power must have had a hand in creation. Nearly
    all scientists
    dismiss it as a scientific theory, and critics say it's nothing more than
    religion masquerading as
    science.
    
    Bush recently told a group of Texas reporters that intelligent design and
    evolution should both be
    taught in schools "so people can understand what the debate is about."
    
    That comment sparked criticism from opponents, including Democratic Party
    Chairman Howard Dean,
    who called Bush "anti-science."
    
    Frist, who is considering a presidential campaign in 2008, recently angered some
    conservatives by
    bucking Bush policy on embryonic stem cell research, voicing his support for
    expanded research on
    the subject.
    
    Frist said his decision to endorse stem cell research was "a matter of science,"
    but he said there
    was no conflict between his position on stem cell research and his position on
    intelligent design.
    
    "To me, I see no disconnect between that and stem cell research," Frist said. "I
    base my beliefs
    on stem cell research both on science and my faith."
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #167 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Mon Aug 22, 2005 8:25 pm
    Subject: Court Says Atheism is a Religion
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    Center for Law and Policy
    http://www.afa.net/clp/ReleaseDetail.asp?id=102
    
    Press Release
    
    Court Says Atheism is a Religion
    
    Contact:  Kathryn Hooks, 662-844-5036
    American Family Association
    P.O. Drawer 2440
    Tupelo, MS 38803
    1-662-680-3886
    
    For Immediate Release:  8/19/2005
    
    Chicago, IL - A federal court of appeals has ruled in favor of an inmate who
    claimed that
    Wisconsin prison officials violated his rights under the Establishment Clause of
    the First
    Amendment because they refused to allow him to create a study group for
    atheists.
    
    The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that prison officials erred because
    they ?did not treat
    atheism as a ?religion.?? ?Atheism,? said the court, ?is [the inmate?s]
    religion, and the group
    that he wanted to start was religious in nature even though it expressly rejects
    a belief in a
    supreme being.?
    
    Brian Fahling, senior trial attorney for the American Family Association Center
    for Law & Policy,
    described the court?s ruling as ?a sort of Alice in Wonderland jurisprudence.?
    ?Up is down, and
    atheism, the antithesis of religion, is religion,? stated Fahling.
    
    The Supreme Court has said that a religion need not be based on a belief in the
    existence of a
    supreme being. In the 1961 case of Torcaso v. Watkins, the Court described
    ?secular humanism? as a
    religion. Fahling pointed to today?s ruling as ?further evidence of the
    incoherence Establishment
    Clause jurisprudence.? ?It is difficult not to be somewhat jaundiced about our
    courts,? continued
    Fahling, ?when they take clauses especially designed to protect religion from
    the state and turn
    them on their head by giving protective cover to a belief system, that, by every
    known definition
    other than the courts? is not a religion, while simultaneously declaring public
    expressions of
    true religious faith to be prohibited.?
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #166 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Thu Jul 14, 2005 8:49 pm
    Subject: Creationism special: A battle for science's soul
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    Creationism special: A battle for science's soul
    
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg18725073.700
    
    09 July 2005
    Debora MacKenzie
    New Scientist Magazine issue 2507
    
    Eighty years after the Scopes trial drew battle lines over evolution and
    creationism, Darwin's
    theory is under renewed attack, this time from "intelligent design"
    
    ON 10 July 1925, a drama was played out in a small courtroom in a Tennessee town
    that touched off
    a far-reaching ideological battle. John Scopes, a schoolteacher, was found
    guilty of teaching
    evolution (see "The monkey trial - below"). Despite the verdict, Scopes, and the
    wider scientific
    project he sought to promote, seemed at the time to have been vindicated by the
    backlash in the
    urban press against his creationist opponents.
    
    Yet 80 years on, creationist ideas have a powerful hold in the US, and science
    is still under
    attack. US Supreme Court decisions have made it impossible to teach divine
    creation as science in
    state-funded schools. But in response, creationists have invented "intelligent
    design", which they
    say is a scientific alternative to Darwinism (see "A sceptic's guide to
    intelligent design"). ID
    has already affected the way science is taught and perceived in schools,
    museums, zoos and ...
    
    The complete article is 1653 words long.
    
    ________________________________________________________________________________\
    __________
    
    Take a look at New Scientist's special report on "evolution" or maybe it should
    be titled
    "anticreation".
    
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution
    
    Editorial: Creationism against Darwinism? No contest
    It is an unhappy time to be a Darwinist in the US, but it will take more than
    the thinly-disguised
    creationism, "intelligent design", to defeat evolutionary biology
    Comment - 09 July 2005
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg18725072.800
    
    Creationism special: A sceptic's guide to intelligent design
    Advocates of intelligent design argue it is a rigorous scientific alternative to
    natural
    selection. But just what is it, and is it science at all?
    News - 09 July 2005
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg18725073.800
    
    Creationism special: Survival of the slickest
    Scientists must use different tactics to argue against intelligent design, as
    their opponents
    willingly distort the truth, says Lawrence Krauss
    News - 09 July 2005
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg18725073.900
    
    On the origin of creationism
    Calling creationists irrational will get you nowhere. Far better to understand
    how their beliefs
    arose and how they're being exploited, says Mary Midgley
    Comment - 25 December 2004
    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg18424796.400
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #165 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Mon Jul 11, 2005 1:37 pm
    Subject: Evolution: Blink and you'll miss it
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    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/mg18725071.100
    
    Evolution: Blink and you'll miss it
    09 July 2005 Bob Holmes
    New Scientist - Magazine issue 2507
    
    If you thought evolution was slow and gradual, think again. Humans may even be
    helping it along,
    as our activities force species to adapt or die
    EVERY weekend angler knows to throw back the tiddlers. Likewise, commercial
    fishermen use
    large-meshed nets to spare smaller fish. Both are working on the principle that
    by reducing their
    haul this way, they can keep fish populations vigorous and healthy. But they
    could be making a
    terrible mistake. It is becoming increasingly clear that such well-meaning
    strategies may actually
    have the opposite effect to what the fishermen intend.
    
    What they and most of the rest of us have overlooked is evolution - not the
    familiar glacier-slow
    process found in textbooks, which takes millennia to work its wonders, but a
    burbling freshet of
    evolutionary change that can occur in a matter of years or decades. By leaving
    the smaller fish,
    fishermen may be shifting the evolutionary goalposts, reshaping fish species as
    they go. In fact,
    biologists are starting to suspect that this phenomenon, which they have dubbed
    contemporary
    evolution, is happening ...
    
    The complete article is 2580 words long.
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #164 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Sat Jul 9, 2005 3:13 am
    Subject: Board Nixes Creationism Show at Okla. Zoo
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    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/07/AR2005070702015.\
    html
    
    Board Nixes Creationism Show at Okla. Zoo
    
    By SHAUN SCHAFER
    The Associated Press
    Thursday, July 7, 2005; 9:33 PM
    
    TULSA, Okla. -- A city board reversed direction on Thursday and rejected plans
    to add a
    creationist exhibit to the Tulsa Zoo.
    
    Board members voted 3-1 against installing an exhibit on the origin of life from
    the Bible. The
    vote, made at a special meeting of the board, reversed a June 7 decision to add
    a Genesis story to
    the zoo.
    
    Dale McNamara, who voted against the display at the June meeting and again on
    Thursday, told the
    packed house of onlookers that she carefully considered her vote.
    
    "My 'no' vote was, on reflection, absolutely correct," she said.
    
    As one of only nine "living museums" in the country, the Tulsa Zoo should
    develop displays that
    explain the cultural significance of animals, McNamara said. She said an
    elephant-like stone
    statue near the elephant exhibit fit within that mission.
    
    The statue has been one of the key items in the fight over Genesis display.
    Tulsa resident Dan
    Hicks had argued for the creationism display as a balance to other religious
    items at the zoo.
    
    Hicks, an architect, had agreed to pay for a Genesis exhibit and came to
    Thursday's meeting with a
    5-foot by 3-foot plan for the display as he envisioned it.
    
    Tulsa Park and Recreation Board Chairman Walter Helmerich said he felt board
    members had been
    deceived by Hicks. Helmerich read into the record a 1995 letter from Hicks to
    then-Mayor Susan
    Savage concerning placement of a sign at the zoo's entrance noting that displays
    represent
    compelling evidence of the natural sciences.
    
    Hicks said after the meeting that his letter had been misconstrued. Hicks said
    he had not been
    satisfied with the zoo's sign in 1995 and he wasn't pleased by the board's
    solution on Thursday.
    
    "This board has deviated from their past practice of allowing religious displays
    to be erected at
    the Tulsa zoo without censorship by voting today to censor the Genesis account
    of creation and in
    doing so has stepped on the constitutional liberties of Tulsa taxpayers," Hicks
    said.
    
    Consideration of the display was the sole item on the board's agenda. Board
    member Joseph Schulte
    called for the vote to drop the display.
    
    "This seemed like the best thing to do," Schulte said. "Leave the zoo just as it
    is."
    
    Current Mayor Bill LaFortune was the lone board member to back the planned
    display. He suggested
    that the board should form a committee to look at any religious symbols at the
    zoo and consider
    what to do with them. No action was taken on this suggestion.
    
    The board's original decision to include a biblical story on the Earth's origin
    had divided
    residents and thrown Tulsa into the national spotlight. LaFortune had said
    before the meeting that
    he was aware of the criticism but he wanted to raise questions about religion in
    general at the
    zoo.
    
    Residents had crowded into the meeting and signed up on a speakers list that
    stretched more than
    four pages. At the start of the meeting, however, Helmerich said there would be
    no public comment
    period.
    
    Although he has taken a visible role in the effort, Hicks said he was only one
    of 300 people
    interested in bringing the creationist exhibit to the zoo. Following Thursday's
    vote, Hicks said
    those 300 would have to decide what to do next but there would be appeals to the
    mayor.
    
    In the meantime, the zoo continues to have a representation of a Hindu god, a
    globe sculpture that
    promotes pantheism and a Maasai display that contains the equivalent of posting
    Scripture, Hicks
    said. Presenting this material represented an affront to the majority Christian
    population of
    Tulsa, he said.
    
    "There must be something very special about the Genesis account for opponents to
    fight so hard to
    suppress those words," Hicks said.
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #163 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Mon Jul 4, 2005 4:20 pm
    Subject: The End of the Beginning
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    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/mg18625061.800
    
    This months New Scientists cover reads - The End of the Beginning
    
    Did the big bang really happen?
    02 July 2005
    Marcus Chown
    Magazine issue 2506
    
    Is it time to admit that the idea of a big bang just does not stack up? Marcus
    Chown meets the
    doubters thinking the unthinkable
    
    WHAT if the big bang never happened? Ask cosmologists this and they'll usually
    tell you it is a
    stupid question. The evidence, after all, is written in the heavens. Take the
    way galaxies are
    scattered across the sky, or witness the fading afterglow of the big bang
    fireball. Even the way
    the atoms in your body have come into being over the eons. They are all smoking
    guns that point to
    the existence 13.7 billion years ago of an ultra-hot, ultra-dense state known as
    the big bang.
    
    Or are they? A small band of researchers is starting to ask the question no one
    is supposed to
    ask. Last week the dissidents met to review the evidence at the first ever
    Crisis in Cosmology
    conference in Mono, Portugal. There they argued that cosmologists' most
    cherished theory of the
    universe fails to explain certain crucial observations. If they are right, the
    universe ...
    
    The complete article is 3472 words long.
    
    _____________________________________________________
    
    Physics, Cosmology and the Big Bang - Links
    http://www.nwcreation.net/cosmology.html
    
    Big Bang
    http://www.nwcreation.net/wiki/index.php?title=Big_bang
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #162 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Fri Jul 1, 2005 8:34 pm
    Subject: Keeping Religion Separate
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    July 1, 2005  Week 84, Day 5 24 Sivan 5765
    
    Keeping Religion Separate
    
    The following editorial is from the June 20, 2005 issue of The Detroit Jewish
    News and is
    reprinted with permission.
    
    To its advocates, intelligent design is a reasonable way of explaining the
    origins of life and
    answers some questions that the Theory of Evolution fails to address.
    
    To its opponents, however, it is a way of sneaking creationism -- the doctrine
    that insists on the
    literal truth of the opening verses of Genesis -- into the science classes of
    public schools
    through the back door.
    
    The debate is raging in legislatures and school boards across the country. There
    are currently two
    bills in committee in the Michigan Legislature that would mandate teaching
    intelligent design, and
    a school district near Kalamazoo may face a lawsuit for refusing to allow the
    concept to be taught
    in its schools.
    
    Three states already have passed laws that make the teaching of intelligent
    design permissible in
    public schools.
    
    On the surface, intelligent design seems to be a way of using contemporary
    science to affirm
    religious belief. Many of its advocates have impressive academic credentials and
    cite recent work
    in such arcane areas as complexity theory to buttress their position.
    
    Their case was stated most compellingly in the book At Home in the Universe: The
    Search for the
    Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity by biophysicist Stuart Kauffman. He
    argued that there are
    2,000 enzymes that support life and the possibility of assembling them by chance
    would be about 1
    in 10 to the 40,000th power. He compared that probability to a tornado sweeping
    through a junkyard
    and assembling a Boeing 747 from its materials. There had to be a design.
    
    Others supporters insist that natural processes go from the complex to the
    simple -- not the other
    way around, as Charles Darwin argued for Evolution.
    
    But Robert T. Pennock, professor of science and philosophy at Michigan State
    University, and one
    of the most outspoken opponents of design, says that the theory fails the most
    basic law of
    science -- it cannot be verified by testing. "One may, of course, retain
    religious faith in a
    designer who transcends natural processes," he says, "but there is no way to
    dust for his
    fingerprints.
    
    And, he adds, "Once supernatural processes are wedged in, it loses any chance of
    testability."
    
    A recent poll of American physicians, sponsored in part by the Jewish
    Theological Seminary of
    America, found a clear divide on the subject. More than one-third of the survey
    saw some merit in
    teaching intelligent design. But when broken down by religious groups, 88
    percent of Jewish
    doctors rejected the idea and labeled it pseudo-science, while a small majority
    of Protestant
    physicians agreed with it.
    
    For people of faith, the chance to reconcile Darwin and the Almighty is an
    attractive idea. It
    certainly appears to be a more elegant explanation than the fundamentalists
    offer.
    
    In terms of provable science, though, it falls short. And insofar as intelligent
    design strongly
    implies a religion-based identity to the Designer, it also fails the test of
    keeping such
    instruction out of public schools.
    
    In the final analysis, it is simply the old creationist wine in new bottles.
    Those who believe in
    the separation of church and state should be extremely wary of allowing it to
    get a foothold in
    our schools.
    
    E-mail your opinion in a letter to the editor of no more than 150 words to:
    letters@....
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #161 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Sat Jun 25, 2005 2:44 am
    Subject: Stem-Cell Sleight of Hand
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    Stem-Cell Sleight of Hand
    http://www.discovery.org/
    
    Mario Cuomo Accuses President Bush Of Letting Religion Run His Stem-Cell Policy,
    But Bush Isn't
    The One Ignoring Actual Science.
    
    By: Wesley J. Smith
    The Weekly Standard
    June 23, 2005
    
    Original article
    http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/760eukhl.asp
    
    FORMER NEW YORK GOVERNOR Mario Cuomo is one slick fella. Like all effective
    propagandists, he's
    smooth, articulate, eloquent--and he doesn't let the facts get in his way. Take
    for example his
    most recent polemic in the debate over embryonic stem cell research (ESCR). In
    "Not on Faith
    Alone," published in the June 20 New York Times (where else?), Cuomo takes
    President Bush to task
    for limiting federal funding of embryonic stem cell research to cell lines that
    do not involve the
    current destruction of embryos. But rather than mount an honest argument against
    the president's
    policy, he instead simply accuses the president of imposing "the dictates of
    religious orthodoxy"
    upon a pluralistic society.
    
    To win his debating points, Cuomo puts words into the president's mouth that
    Bush has never
    uttered, asserting that "Mr. Bush believes that destroying an embryo is murder."
    This supposed
    religious belief forces the president into a stark inconsistency, Cuomo claims,
    since "he refuses
    to demand legislation to stop commercial interests that are busily destroying
    embryos in order to
    obtain stem cells. If their conduct amounts to murder as the president contends,
    it is hardly
    satisfactory for him to say he will do nothing to stop the evil act other than
    to refuse to pay
    for it." This is bizarre. On one hand, Cuomo criticizes Bush of being too
    radical for imposing a
    minority view steeped in rigid religiosity upon society in limiting federal
    funding of embryonic
    stem cell research, while on the other hand he criticizes the president for not
    being radical
    enough because he hasn't sought to turn researchers into capital criminals for
    destroying embryos.
    
    
    Be that as it may, for Cuomo's argument to have a prayer of working logically,
    President Bush must
    have actually asserted that destroying embryos for use in ESCR is murder. But
    the president never
    has. (Where were the fact checkers at the New York Times?) What he has asserted
    repeatedly and
    consistently is that destroying embryos for use in research is a matter of grave
    moral
    consequence. "I believe America must pursue the tremendous possibilities of
    science" he stated
    recently, "while fostering and encouraging respect for human life in all its
    stages." This is not
    a radical proposition, and it isn't one accepted only by religious people.
    Indeed, since 1995--six
    years before Bush assumed office--the official public policy of the United
    States has been to deny
    federal funding for scientific research that destroys embryos. This policy,
    known generically as
    the "Dickey Amendment," has been passed each year by strong bipartisan votes,
    and was signed into
    law by President Bill Clinton every year until the end of his term.
    
    To be sure, when stem cells were first derived from human embryos in 1998,
    President Clinton
    wanted to fund ESCR, he had to find a way around existing federal law: He said
    federal funds would
    be used for research on stem cells obtained by destroying embryos, but would not
    fund the act of
    destruction itself.
    
    By contrast, Bush's "compromise" policy permits federal funding only of ESCR
    that uses stem cell
    lines already in existence as of August 9, 2001, so the offer of federal funds
    will not be used to
    promote the destruction of new embryos. It doesn't take a theologian to see that
    this comports
    better with the spirit of the Dickey amendment. Under this policy, tens of
    millions of federal
    dollars have been spent on ESCR. As presidential spokesman Ken Lisaius told me,
    the Bush federal
    funding policy "advances stem cell science consistent with the crucial principle
    that government
    should not encourage the destruction of human life."
    
    Which leads us to the big question: Is a one-week-old embryo a form of human
    life? Cuomo asserts
    that the president "will have to provide more than sincere religiosity to prove
    human life exists
    as early as fertilization." But this question has never been a religious issue,
    nor has Bush ever
    asserted that it is. Rather, the question of whether an embryo is human life
    involves basic
    biology. To learn the unvarnished scientific truth about whether an early embryo
    is really a form
    of human life, we need only turn to apolitical medical and embryology textbooks.
    
    And guess what: According to several eminent texts, a human embryo is indeed
    human life, just as
    the president "asserts." For example, the authors of The Developing Human:
    Clinically Oriented
    Embryology (6th Ed., 1998) assert: "Human development is a continuous process
    that begins when an
    oocyte [egg] is fertilized by a sperm." The fertilized egg is known as a zygote,
    which "is the
    beginning of a new human being." More to the point, the authors write: "Human
    development begins
    at fertilization" with the joining of egg and sperm, which "form a single cell
    called a zygote.
    This highly specialized . . . cell marks the beginning of each of us as a unique
    individual."
    Similarly, the authors of Human Embryology and Teratology (Third Ed., 2001),
    another embryology
    textbook assert that upon the completion of conception, "a new, genetically
    distinct human
    organism is formed." (all emphases added)
    
    It is also worth noting in this regard that the prestigious British science
    journal Nature
    published an article in 2002 describing how the human body plan "starts being
    laid down
    immediately" upon fertilization. "Your world was shaped in the first 24 hours
    after conception,"
    the Nature article asserted. "Where your head and feet would sprout, and which
    side would form
    your back and which your belly, were defined in the minutes and hours after
    sperm and egg united."
    The article goes on to note that the newly fertilized one-cell embryo is already
    a unique human
    life, not merely the "nave sphere" or "featureless orb" as scientists once
    thought
    
    In other words, based on pure biology and embryology--which is science and not
    religion--fertilization does indeed create a new human life. And if this is true
    of the one-celled
    embryo, it is surely true of the same embryo when it has developed for a week to
    the stage when
    embryonic stem cells can be derived.
    
    Whether this matters morally is a different issue altogether. As the authors of
    Human Embryology
    and Teratology write, "The [moral] status of the early human embryo is an
    evaluation rather than a
    scientific question, and assessment is influenced considerably by philosophical
    outlook." But if
    we are going to engage in proper moral analysis, we have to get the science
    right. Unfortunately,
    articles such as Cuomo's are designed to prevent precisely this kind of informed
    moral analysis.
    
    Mario Cuomo prides himself on his intellectual rigor. But in the embryonic stem
    cell funding
    debate, President Bush is the one who has based his moral position on informed
    scientific facts.
    To be sure, one can disagree with his conclusions. But it is intellectually
    dishonest to claim, as
    Cuomo does, that Bush is merely imposing his narrow religious views on a secular
    America by
    opposing federal funding for stem cell research that destroys human embryos
    
    Wesley J. Smith is a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute and a special
    consultant to the
    Center for Bioethics and Culture. His current book is Consumer's Guide to a
    Brave New World.
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #160 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Wed Jun 22, 2005 1:37 am
    Subject: Cosmology in 2004: A bad year for the Big Bang
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    Re: An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
    
    Cosmology in 2004: A bad year for the Big Bang
    
    By Eric J. Lerner
    
    Lawrenceville Plasma Physics
    
    The past year brought a steady drum beat of observational and theoretical bad
    news for the Big
    Bang theory, making that hypothesis more untenable then ever. Data on the cosmic
    microwave
    background (CMB), on distant and near galaxies, on the abundances of light
    elements, added to the
    evidence that the universe is much older than the hypothetical Big Bang, that
    dark matter does not
    exist, and that the universe is not expanding.
    
    While Big Bang supporters relied more and more on their control over funding and
    open suppression
    of alternative views, the debate over cosmology burst into public view with the
    publication in May
    of an Open Letter on Cosmology in New Scientist, among the most prominent of
    popular science
    magazines. The open letter, denouncing the orthodoxy of conventional cosmology,
    urges the funding
    of alterative approaches. It has now been signed by hundreds of scientists from
    countries around
    the globe.
    
    The following review just touches on some of the mass of new data published in
    the past year and
    is in no way comprehensive.
    http://bigbangneverhappened.org/Cosmology2004.html
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #159 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Fri Jun 3, 2005 1:34 pm
    Subject: An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
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    An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
    http://cosmologystatement.org/
    
    (Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004)
    
    The big bang today relies on a growing number of hypothetical entities, things
    that we have never
    observed-- inflation, dark matter and dark energy are the most prominent
    examples. Without them,
    there would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by
    astronomers and the
    predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics would this
    continual recourse to
    new hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of bridging the gap between theory
    and observation.
    It would, at the least, raise serious questions about the validity of the
    underlying theory.
    
    But the big bang theory can't survive without these fudge factors. Without the
    hypothetical
    inflation field, the big bang does not predict the smooth, isotropic cosmic
    background radiation
    that is observed, because there would be no way for parts of the universe that
    are now more than a
    few degrees away in the sky to come to the same temperature and thus emit the
    same amount of
    microwave radiation.
    
    Without some kind of dark matter, unlike any that we have observed on Earth
    despite 20 years of
    experiments, big-bang theory makes contradictory predictions for the density of
    matter in the
    universe. Inflation requires a density 20 times larger than that implied by big
    bang
    nucleosynthesis, the theory's explanation of the origin of the light elements.
    And without dark
    energy, the theory predicts that the universe is only about 8 billion years old,
    which is billions
    of years younger than the age of many stars in our galaxy.
    
    What is more, the big bang theory can boast of no quantitative predictions that
    have subsequently
    been validated by observation. The successes claimed by the theory's supporters
    consist of its
    ability to retrospectively fit observations with a steadily increasing array of
    adjustable
    parameters, just as the old Earth-centered cosmology of Ptolemy needed layer
    upon layer of
    epicycles.
    
    Yet the big bang is not the only framework available for understanding the
    history of the
    universe. Plasma cosmology and the steady-state model both hypothesize an
    evolving universe
    without beginning or end. These and other alternative approaches can also
    explain the basic
    phenomena of the cosmos, including the abundances of light elements, the
    generation of large-scale
    structure, the cosmic background radiation, and how the redshift of far-away
    galaxies increases
    with distance. They have even predicted new phenomena that were subsequently
    observed, something
    the big bang has failed to do.
    
    Supporters of the big bang theory may retort that these theories do not explain
    every cosmological
    observation. But that is scarcely surprising, as their development has been
    severely hampered by a
    complete lack of funding. Indeed, such questions and alternatives cannot even
    now be freely
    discussed and examined. An open exchange of ideas is lacking in most mainstream
    conferences.
    Whereas Richard Feynman could say that "science is the culture of doubt", in
    cosmology today doubt
    and dissent are not tolerated, and young scientists learn to remain silent if
    they have something
    negative to say about the standard big bang model. Those who doubt the big bang
    fear that saying
    so will cost them their funding.
    
    Even observations are now interpreted through this biased filter, judged right
    or wrong depending
    on whether or not they support the big bang. So discordant data on red shifts,
    lithium and helium
    abundances, and galaxy distribution, among other topics, are ignored or
    ridiculed. This reflects a
    growing dogmatic mindset that is alien to the spirit of free scientific inquiry.
    
    Today, virtually all financial and experimental resources in cosmology are
    devoted to big bang
    studies. Funding comes from only a few sources, and all the peer-review
    committees that control
    them are dominated by supporters of the big bang. As a result, the dominance of
    the big bang
    within the field has become self-sustaining, irrespective of the scientific
    validity of the
    theory.
    
    Giving support only to projects within the big bang framework undermines a
    fundamental element of
    the scientific method -- the constant testing of theory against observation.
    Such a restriction
    makes unbiased discussion and research impossible. To redress this, we urge
    those agencies that
    fund work in cosmology to set aside a significant fraction of their funding for
    investigations
    into alternative theories and observational contradictions of the big bang. To
    avoid bias, the
    peer review committee that allocates such funds could be composed of astronomers
    and physicists
    from outside the field of cosmology.
    
    Allocating funding to investigations into the big bang's validity, and its
    alternatives, would
    allow the scientific process to determine our most accurate model of the history
    of the universe.
    
    If you want to sign this statement , please click here
    http://www.health-freedom.info/bbnh/form.html
    
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

    #158 From: Chris Ashcraft <ashcrac@...>
    Date: Thu May 26, 2005 2:48 am
    Subject: Intelligent Design - Darwin under attack
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    http://www.theweekmagazine.com/article.asp?id=947
    
    Intelligent Design
    Darwin under attack
    5/20/2005
    
    The opponents of evolution sure have evolved, said Ellen Goodman in The Boston
    Globe. Just 20
    years ago, they were insisting that Genesis account of a six-day creation was
    literally true, and
    wanted public schools to teach it as an equal to Darwins theory of evolution.
    Having lost that
    battle, the creationists regrouped, and cooked up a theory they call
    intelligent design. A
    clever reworking of creationism, intelligent design postulates that the universe
    is too complex to
    have been created by chance mutations and evolutionthus proving the existence
    of an intelligent
    designer. At the very least, the creationists say, children should be taught
    about this
    scientific alternative to Darwinism. This sneaky new strategy is working. The
    state of Kansas
    just completed an extraordinary series of hearings on intelligent design, amid
    signs that
    officials will soon give the theory equal time in the classroom with
    evolution. A dozen other
    states are considering similar proposals.
    
    Nothing wrong with that, said Brian McNicoll in Townhall.com. Scientists seem to
    think that all
    issues regarding the origin of life are settled. But science is forced to admit
    error all the
    time. And while evolution clearly has some merit, it cannot account for the
    great leap in which
    apes, driven by nothing but instinct to survive, somehow evolved into a
    thinking, discerning,
    right-from-wrong-knowing human being. Scientists say its beneath them to
    even consider the
    possibility that something outside the natural realm was at work. But science
    always performs
    better when it approaches the world with a little humility, and if any subject
    lends itself to
    humility, its the origin of life.
    
    Besides, said William Saletan in Slate.com, we evolutionists have nothing to be
    scared of.
    Intelligent-design is not a tarted up version of creationism. Its a huge
    admission of defeat.
    Intelligent-design advocates have abandoned the biblical literalism of their
    forebears and have
    accepted the scientific method, not authority, as the ultimate test. They now
    acknowledge, for
    instance, that the Bible is wrong about the age of the Earth, and that its
    billions of years old.
    They even concede that mutation and evolution occur. All the intelligent-design
    crowd has left are
    some gaps in the evolutionary record, and the hypothesis that these gaps cant
    be explained
    without God. Instead of sneering, scientists should welcome the ID advocates
    invitation to
    subject both theories to rigorous review. Such concessions, sincere or not,
    show that
    creationists arent threatening us, theyre becoming us.
    
    Christopher W. Ashcraft
    Northwest Creation Network
    http://nwcreation.net

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