Hello.How doing.Have great day .Shahram

Our body requires a variety of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, calories, fat, enzymes, trace elements, antioxidants for its metabolism and most importantly to enhance the immune system against the diseases and strengthen our body. To get the optimum health benefits, it is recommended to eat variety of fresh organic fruits to furnish our body with essential nutrients. So, here are some captivating pictures of mouth watering fresh fruits along with the information of its benefits. Cherries: Cherries have the highest content of iron and disease fighting antioxidants compared to other fruits. The fruits contain vitamin C and E, iron, fiber, potassium and magnesium. It is understood through the researchers from Michigan that cherries can reduce cholesterol level, insulin levels and blood sugar, besides raising the antioxidant capacity of the blood. Every 100 grams of fresh cherries have higher percentage of vitamin A which is five times more than apples and grapes and twenty fresh cherries may keep us away from depression mood.     Grapes: According to Cancer Research Institute of London, grapes are good for women. They help them to avoid the painful wound related with breast cancer treatment. Grapes also protect heart and blood vessels against oxidative tissue damage. Hypertension could be controlled by consuming one cup of grape juice and one cup of celery juice each with warm water three times a day for twenty days. Give a break of 5-7 days after 20 days and start the treatment freshly for another 20 days.   Oranges: Orange is one of most popular fruits in the world. It is a citrus fruit with excellent source of vitamin C. They are also good source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, B, B1, calcium and potassium. By consuming oranges frequently we can reduce the risk of cancers and heart diseases. Oranges containing the smooth textured skin will have higher juice content than those that are spongy or lighter in weight. Small oranges are juicier than the larger ones.   Grapefruit: Grapefruit has lot of natural fiber and reduces the blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, insulin, cardiovascular diseases, etc. It also promotes salivary and gastric digestion, eases constipation, stimulates appetite, maintains the health of intestines, etc. Infact, this is the best fruit to protect us from diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, typhus, etc. It also induces the production of enzymes to prevent from cancer. Patients suffering from diabetics are advised to eat three grapefruits three times everyday to improve their diabetic condition. The purple grape fruit with plenty of antioxidant compounds is recommended for great health benefits. It protects from liver and kidney disorders and also improves skin form.   Strawberries (Arbutus unedu): Strawberry is the most delicious and nutritious fruit that has the ability to remove harmful toxin in the blood. This fruit is recommended for constipation, high blood pressure, skin cancer, sluggish liver, rheumatism etc. It is yet another fruit which is consumed as skin cleansing food. The strawberry is cut into half and rubbed on teeth and gums to remove tartar from the teeth and to strengthen and heal the gums. In order to dissolve the tartar the juice has to remain on teeth as long as possible and later the mouth has to be rinsed with warm water.   Raspberries: Raspberries are the most delicious and healthy fruit with vitamins, antioxidants, manganese and fiber. Fiber helps slow the digestive process so that we do not feel hungry quickly. Manganese is a trace mineral that helps keep our metabolic rate high, which in turn burns fat. Its seed oil has a natural sun protection factor. It contains high quantity of polyphenolic compounds and ellagic acid, which are known to restrain cancer cells. The anthocyanins present in raspberry will reduce the risk of heart disease and also delay the effects of aging.   Banana : Banana has a high amount of carbohydrate that can be transformed into energy in our body. Its nutrient benefits our heart, kidney, muscle, nerve and bones. For the people suffering with symptoms like potassium deficiency which include mind fogginess, nervous shaking, body tiredness, excessive perspiration of their limbs, etc., can be improved by eating banana.   Apple: Modern scientific studies discovered that an “An Apple a Day keeps the Doctor Away”. While diabetes patients are supposed to eat sour apple, people suffering from cardiovascular and obesity should eat sweet apple. Eating a ripe apple is a good remedy to cure constipation. The powerful antioxidants and anthocyanin found in red apples prevent us from cancer development and cardiovascular disease. Blackberries: The latest study in UK says that blackberries contain vitamins and antioxidant compounds much higher than apple and strawberry. We can protect ourselves from cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, cancer development and brain diseases from the nutrients and trace elements found in blackberries.   Blueberries: Blueberries are the finest fruits to prevent high blood pressure and weakness. The antioxidants in blueberries help us to maintain brain health, strengthen our heart, fight against cancer diseases and prevent chronic diseases related with the aging process.   Custard Apple: Custard apple contains Vitamin C which is again an anti-oxidant and helps in neutralizing free radicals. For treating diarrhea and dysentery, custard apple can be dried, crushed and used in its unripe form. Vitamin A present in this fruit is good for eyes, hair and maintaining healthy skin. The low fat levels in this fruit also help us to prevent from heart diseases. High source of dietary fiber in custard apple also helps in digestion.   Apricot: Apricot is a fruit that has vitamins and minerals and benefit our eyes, heart, liver, stomach, nerve and immune system. It protects our heart, stops the cough, nourishes our lungs, strengthens our body and removes skin disorder, stimulates the blood circulation which helps us with flawless and glowing skin. Eating one or two fresh apricots before the meal helps those who are suffering from constipation to digest their food. This apart, it is a good diet for people suffering from anemia, tuberculosis and asthma.   Mangoes: Mango is the most popular and versatile fruit that comes in numerous varieties all having their own unique flavor, texture, color, and aroma. Mangoes are the good source of vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants and contain very few proteins, fats and calories like any other fruits. According to Unani Medicine System the benefits of mangoes are as follows: Vitamin C and Calcium in mango tightens the capillary vessels and prevents oder cures bleedings of inner parts. Regular consumption of mango makes the complexion fair and the skin soft and shining. Those suffering from diarrhea have to take sun dried mango leaves powder in half a teaspoon with water for 2-3 times a day. Burnt ashes of mango leaves if applied on burnt parts give quick relief. To cure fever, apply paste of mango roots on palms and soles. It is advisable for a pregnant woman to eat one mango a day because calcium and magnesium of mango relaxes the muscles, relieves stress and prevents abortion. Dried mango seeds are the best as toothpaste that strengthens the gums and helps in curing dental problems like foul smell.   Plums: Plum is related to family of cherries and peaches. There are various varieties of plums throughout the world available in colors like red, purple, green, blue-black, yellow etc. Plums are the good source of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, potassium and fiber. By eating plums regularly it produces more iron in the body which ultimately leads to better blood circulation thus resulting in growth of healthy tissues.   Jackfruit: Jackfruit is a good source of potassium and Vitamin C. Jackfruit root is not only good for treating various skin problems but also beneficial for people suffering from asthma. This fruit containing phytonutrients helps in lowering of blood pressure, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-ageing and anti-cancer.   Pineapple: Pineapple is a tropical fruit containing proteolytic enzyme bromelain helps in digestion of protein. Mainly it can prevent from forming blood clot due to its bromelain content. Fresh pineapple juice is used in removal of intestinal worms, to combat diphtheria and other infection of throat and other parts of the body. It also prevents morning sickness and constipation. Rich in Vitamin C, it protects our body from major diseases like heart disease, diabetes and various cancers. It not maintains good eye-health, it also prevents plague and keeps teeth healthy, keeps skin beautiful and helps us lose weight.   Lychee: Lychee is a tropical fruit orinated in China and Vietnam. They are also grown in the Northern part of India. The skin of Lychee fruit is red in colour and juicy white inside which is very sweet and tasty. Lychees are the good source of essential vitamin C. It is low in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium and high in copper. The nutritional value of Lychee helps us in maintaining good health and weight loss. It is particularly good for gastrointestinal health. According to researchers this fruit may provide anti-breast cancer properties.   Chickoo: Also known as Sapodilla or Manilkara Zapota, chickoo is originated from Yucatan, south of Mexico and north east Guatemala. This fruit is popularly known as Chickoo in India, Pakistan and South Asia. By boiling chickoo with water, it is believed that the decoction is good for curing diarrhea. It is also believed that it is high in tanning.   Papaya: Eating papaya regularly helps us to maintain good health and energy. Ripe papaya is good for digestion and aids in constipation. It also helps prevent cancer in organs. This apart, it has bleaching properties for which it is used as an ingredient in soaps, lotions and other whitening products. This tropical fruit contains rich concentration of vitamin C which is an antioxidant that protects us from our own injured cells, skin and the entire immune system of our body.   Guava: Guava is a native of Carribean. It is one of the fine fruits for its richness in Vitimin A, B, and C. This apart they are also the good source of iron, calcium, potassium, iron and phosphorus. Guavas are cholesterol, saturated and sodium free, low in fat and calories, high in fiber. The diabetic patients can enjoy this fruit without its skin.   Watermelon: There are over 1200 varieties of watermelon and are grown in 96 countries worldwide. It is an ideal food without any fat or cholesterol. Watermelon is a good source of potassium and is rich in fiber and vitamins A and C. It is actually not a fruit but a vegetable that belongs to family of pumpkins and cucumbers. It basically quenches our thirst and also prevents from diseases like diabetes, asthma, colon cancer, arthritis etc.   Pears: Pears are sweet fruits that are related to the apple family. They vary in different colours like green, red, brown, yellow or a combination of any of these colours. While some pears are of bell-shaped, others are shaped round like an apple. Among all variety of pears, the Chinese pear is said to be having more medicinal values. But even the other varieties have their own nutritional values. Consumption of pears helps in preventing high blood pressure and stroke, lowers cholesterol levels. It prevents cancer due to high Vitamin C and copper content act as good antioxidants. A glass of pear juice reduces fever quickly. The cooling effect in pear also helps prevent throat problems.   Pomegranate: According to studies pomegranate juice daily help support the normal blood flow to the heart due to which it reduces the risk of having heart diseases and heart attacks. The antioxidant properties in pomegranate keep away from forming bad cholesterol and also help in keeping the arteries clear of clots. It may also help reduce the risks of diabetes, cancer etc. This fruit is a good natural source of vitamins A, C, E and folic acid. Pomegranate supports the blood by supplying it with iron which also may help protect anemia symptoms like weakness, dizziness, hear loss and exhaustion.   Muskmelon: Muskmelon also known as cantaloupe or netted melon is a small, oval and juicy fruit originated in Middle East. This fruit is rich in carbohydrate, protein, fiber, citric acid, vitamin A, B, B3, B6 and C. It controls high blood pressure, reduce the risk of getting kidney stones, prevent cancers, cardiovascular and prevent stroke and regulate heart beat.   Star Fruit: It is a tropical fruit that comes in two varieties. One variety is sweet, while the other is slightly sour. It is packed with vitamin C. To avoid getting cold and flu this is the best fruit to have during winters. This fruit also helps in weight loss as it is low in calories and fat. This fruit is highly recommended for people suffering from hypertension and heart problems because there is no cholesterol or sodium content in it. Star fruit is best for good health and is an anti-aging agent.   Peaches & Nectarines: Peaches are in red, pink, yellow, white, or a combination of those colors. Peaches and nectarines look very similar, but they can be identified by their skin texture. Peaches are fuzzy and dull, while nectarines are smooth and shiny. According to researchers in China men and women who consumed peaches more than two times per week had less risk of developing cancers of the mouth than those who did not eat peaches. Though low in calories peaches are the source of vitamins, minerals, fiber and arytenoids. The fiber content in peaches acts as a mild laxative, aids digestion, and may also help fight cancer. The fruit rich in Vitamin A and Vitamin C allows in cancer-fighting protect against heart disease. Peaches help ensure proper functioning of cells through iron and potassium content. It also helps protect against blindness caused by age-related macular degeneration. Nectarine is low in saturated fat, sodium and cholesterol and high in Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Potassium, Fiber and Niacin. The nutritional value and health benefits of nectarines help in maintaining best health and weight loss but for those who wants to gain weight shall avoid eating nectarines. Peach Fruit Nectarine Fruit   Kiwi: Kiwi consists of vitamin A, C, E, fiber, enzymes, antioxidant, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and copper. This fruit protect us from heart disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, diabetics, and respiratory- related diseases like wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. This apart, it also strengthens our body and promotes healthier immune system.   Fig: Fig is one of the best fruits recommended for humans. This fruit as a source of food is very good and nutritious. Figs are low in fat and high in fibre that can reduce blood cholesterol. They are rich in iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and Vitamin B6. For those suffering from chronic constipation fig is the best fruit to relieve the disease. The high water content in the Fig clears the skin by acting as a cleanser.

 

--
shahram

Hello,

While my reading I found something really interesting about Jupiter, so i thought that would share with you also...

Actually its a 3000 pages doc, so I just took the important part from it..



Mass (kg)........................................... 1.90 x 10^27
Diameter (km)....................................... 142,800
Mean density (kg/m^3) .............................. 1314
Escape velocity (m/sec)............................. 59500

Average distance from Sun (AU)...................... 5.203
Rotation period (length of day in Earth hours)...... 9.8
Revolution period (length of year) (in Earth years). 11.86

Obliquity (tilt of axis) (degrees).................. 3.08
Orbit inclination (degrees)......................... 1.3
Orbit eccentricity.................................. 0.048

Mean surface temperature (K)........................ 120 (cloud tops)

Visual geometric albedo............................. 0.44
Atmospheric components.............................. 90% hydrogen,
10% helium,
.07% methane
Rings............................................... Faint ring.
Infrared spectra imply dark rock fragments.
------------------------------------------------------


Basic Properties:

Jupiter is the largest of the nine planets, more than 10 times the diameter of Earth and more than 300 times its mass. In fact, the mass of Jupiter is almost 2.5 times that of all the other planets combined. Being composed largely of the light elements hydrogen and helium, its mean density is only 1.314 times that of water. The mean density of Earth is 5.245 times that of water. The pull of gravity on Jupiter at the top of the clouds at the equator is 2.4 times as great as gravity's pull at the surface of Earth at the equator. The bulk of Jupiter rotates once in 9 hours, 55.5 minutes, although the period determined by watching cloud features differs by up to five minutes due to intrinsic cloud motions.

The visible surface of Jupiter is a deck of clouds of ammonia crystals, the tops of which occur at a level where the pressure is about half that at Earth's surface. The bulk of the atmosphere is made up of 89% molecular hydrogen (H2) and 11% helium (He). There are small amounts of gaseous ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), water (H2O), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and even more exotic compounds such as phosphine (PH3) and germane (GeH4). At levels below the deck of ammonia clouds, there are believed to be ammonium hydro-sulfide (NH4SH) clouds and water crystal (H2O) clouds, followed by clouds of liquid water. The visible clouds of Jupiter are very colorful. The cause of these colors is not yet known. Contamination by various polymers of sulfur (S3, S4, S5, and S8), which are yellow, red, and brown, has been suggested as a possible cause of the riot of color; but, in fact, sulfur has not yet been detected spectroscopically, and there are many other candidates as the source of the coloring.

The meteorology of Jupiter is very complex and not well understood. Even in small telescopes, a series of parallel light bands called zones and darker bands called belts is quite obvious. The polar regions of the planet are dark. Also present are light and dark ovals, the most famous of these being the Great Red Spot. The Great Red Spot is larger than Earth, and although its color has brightened and faded, the spot has persisted for at least 162.5 years, with the earliest definite drawing of it done by Schwabe on September 5, 1831. (There is less positive evidence that Hooke observed it as early as 1664.) It is thought that the brighter zones are cloud-covered regions of upward moving atmosphere, while the belts are the regions of descending gases, the circulation driven by interior heat. The spots are thought to be large-scale vortices, much larger and far more permanent than any terrestrial weather system.

The interior of Jupiter is totally unlike that of Earth. Earth has a solid crust floating on a denser mantle that is fluid on top and solid beneath, underlain by a fluid outer core that extends out to about half of Earth's radius and a solid inner core of about 1,220-kilometer (758-mile) radius. The core is probably 75 percent iron, with the remainder nickel, perhaps silicon, and many different metals in small amounts. Jupiter, on the other hand, may well be fluid throughout, although it could have a small solid core (say up to 15 times the mass of Earth!) of heavier elements such as iron and silicon extending out to perhaps 15% of its radius. The bulk of Jupiter is fluid hydrogen in two forms or phases, liquid molecular hydrogen on top and liquid metallic hydrogen below; the latter phase exists where the pressure is high enough, say 3-4 million atmospheres. There could be a small layer of liquid helium below the hydrogen, separated out gravitationally, and there is clearly some helium mixed in with the hydrogen. The hydrogen is convecting heat (transporting heat by mass motion) from the interior, and that heat is easily detected by infrared measurements, since Jupiter radiates twice as much heat as it receives from the Sun. The heat is generated largely by gravitational contraction and perhaps by gravitational separation of helium and other heavier elements from hydrogen, in other words, by the conversion of gravitational potential energy to thermal energy. The moving metallic hydrogen in the interior is believed to be the source of Jupiter's strong magnetic field.

Jupiter's magnetic field is much stronger than that of Earth. It is tipped about 11� to Jupiter's axis of rotation, similar to Earth's, but it is also offset from the center of Jupiter by about 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles). The magnetosphere of charged particles which it affects extends from 3.5 million to 7 million kilometers (2.2 to 4.3 million miles) in the direction toward the Sun, depending upon solar wind conditions, and at least 10 times that far in the anti-Sun direction. The plasma trapped in this rotating, wobbling magnetosphere emits radio frequency radiation measurable from Earth at wavelengths from 1 meter (3 feet) or less to as much as 30 kilometers (19 miles). The shorter waves are more or less continuously emitted, while at longer wavelengths the radiation is quite sporadic. Scientists will carefully monitor the Jovian magnetosphere to note the effect of the intrusion of large amounts of cometary dust into the Jovian magnetosphere.

The two Voyager spacecraft discovered that Jupiter has faint dust rings extending out to about 53,000 kilometers (33,000 miles) above the atmosphere. The brightest ring is the outermost, having only about 800-kilometer (500-mile) width. Next inside comes a fainter ring about 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles) wide, while very tenuous dust extends down to the atmosphere.

The innermost of the four large satellites of Jupiter, Io, has numerous large volcanoes that emit sulfur and sulfur dioxide. Most of the material emitted falls back onto the surface, but a small part of it escapes the satellite. In space, this material is rapidly dissociated (broken into its atomic constituents) and ionized (stripped of one or more electrons). Once it becomes charged, the material is trapped by Jupiter's magnetic field and forms a torus (donut shape) completely around Jupiter in Io's orbit. Accompanying the volcanic sulfur and oxygen are many sodium ions (and perhaps some of the sulfur and oxygen as well) that have been sputtered (knocked off the surface) from Io by high energy electrons in Jupiter's magnetosphere. The torus also contains protons (ionized hydrogen) and electrons. It will be fascinating to see what the effects are when large amounts of fine particulates collide with the torus.

The formation of Jupiter (and the other Jovian worlds) starts with the accretion (build-up) of ice-covered dust in the outer, cold solar nebula



Note that, due to gravity, the heavier elements sink to the core of proto-Jupiter, and the lighter elements (H and He) remain in the atmosphere.

The exterior of Jupiter is noted by its brightly colored latitudinal zones, dark belts and thin bands dotted with numerous storms and eddies. Due to differential rotation, the equatorial zones and belts rotate faster than the higher latitudes and poles.

Jupiter movie



The zones and belts are zonal jet streams moving with velocities up to 400 miles/hr. Wind direction alternates between adjacent zones and belts. The light colored zones are regions of upward moving convective currents. The darker belts are made of downward sinking material. The two are therefore always found next to each other. The boundaries of the zones and belts (called bands) display complex turbulence and vortex phenomenon.

Note: Upward moving gases in Jupiter's atmosphere bring white clouds of ammonia/water ice from lower layers. Downward moving gases sink and allow us to view the top, darker layers.

The most obvious feature on Jupiter is the Great Red Spot which is actually the top of a large cyclone twice the size of the Earth.

Gas planets do not have solid surfaces, but rather build-up in pressure and density as one goes deeper towards the core. Different colors represent different depths into Jupiter's atmosphere. The colors (reds, browns, yellows, oranges) are due to subtle chemical reactions involving sulfur. Whites and blues are due to CO2 and H2O ices.


The detailed structure in Jupiter's atmosphere is dominated by physics known as fluid dynamics. Note that the atmosphere of Jupiter so dense and cold that it behaves as a fluid rather than a gas. At the point were we see features the atmosphere pressure is 5 to 10 times that of the Earth's atmospheric pressure. The simplest theories in fluid dynamics predict two types of patterns. One pattern occurs when a fluid slips by a second fluid of a different density. Such an event is known as a viscous flow and produces wave-like features at the boundary of the two fluids. A second pattern is produced by a stream of fluid in a constant medium. The stream breaks up into individual elements. These smaller sections can develop into cyclones.

Cyclones develop due to the Coriolis effect where the lower latitudes travel faster than the higher latitudes producing a net spin on a pressure zone. The cyclones on Jupiter are regions of local high or low pressure spun in such a fashion. Note that the direction of the spin differs in the two hemispheres where counter-clockwise spin is in the North and clockwise spin is in the South.

Brown ovals are low pressure cyclones/storms in the North. White ovals are high pressure cyclones/storms in the South. Both can last on the order of tens of years. The Great Red Spot is a large high pressure storm that has lasted over 600 years.



The energy needed to power all the turbulence in Jupiter's atmosphere comes from heat released from the planet's core.

Jupiter has at leaset 63 moons. Most of these moons are very small, and were probably once asteroids that got too close to Jupiter. Jupiter's large size means that it has very strong gravity. This powerful gravity sometimes grabs onto objects that wander too close.

Not all of Jupiter's moons are captured asteroids though. Four of them are large moons which formed around Jupiter long ago. We call these moons the Galilean moons, because they were first discovered by an astronomer named Galileo. You can see the Galilean moons yourself through a pair of binoculars. Simply look towards Jupiter. The four tiny dots of light close by are the moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Inner Moons

These four worlds are the closest known moons to the surface of the planet Jupiter. For this reason they are called the Inner Moons.

Metis

This moon was discovered by Synnott in 1979. In ancient mythology Metis was a Titaness who was the first wife of Jupiter. Metis is the closest moon to the surface of Jupiter, and can be found with in the planets main ring.

This moon is probably an asteroid that got caught by Jupiter's immense gravity.

Adrastea

Adrastea was discovered in 1979 by David Jewitt. In mythology Adrastea was the god who passed out rewards and punishments, she was also the daughter of Jupiter. This moon is the second closest moon to the surface of Jupiter.

Adrastea is probably an asteroid that got caught by Jupiter's immense gravity.

Amalthea

Amalthea was discovered by Barnard 1892. Amalthea nursed the Jupiter as a young baby, using goats milk. Amalthea is the third closest moon to the surface of Jupiter.

This moon is probably an asteroid that got caught by Jupiter's immense gravity.

Thebe

The moon Thebe was discovered by Synnott in 1979. It was named after a nymph, daughter of the river god Asopus. Thebe is the fourth known moon from the surface of Jupiter. It too was probably and asteroid at one time.

Galilean moons

In the early 1600's an Astronomer named Galileo Galilee looked at the sky for the first time using a telescope. He was the first scientist to ever use a telescope to study outer space. When he looked at Jupiter, he discovered four moons. Today we know that Jupiter actually has 28 moons. Only four of its moons are big enough to be seen through the small type of telescope that Galileo was using. Today we call these four large moons the Galilean moons.

Io

Io a very violent place, where a human would not live long enough to enjoy the beautiful colors it contains in its land formations.

Io lies within a dangerous part of Jupiter's magnetic field. The radiation found in this area is a thousand times stronger than what is needed to kill a Human. If you somehow survived the radiation you would still be in trouble, because Io is covered with giant volcanoes which erupt with extreme frequency. These volcanoes spurt out large amounts of sulfuric acid into the air which falls causing the beautiful reds, yellows and oranges of its appearance.

Io is the third largest of Jupiter's moons, and slightly larger than the Earth's moon. It was named after a women who Jupiter fell in love with.

Europa

Europa is a cold smooth ice covered world. A long time ago in space there was a period of time when it was very common for asteroids, and comets to hit other worlds. This is called the Heavy Bombardment Period. During this time most worlds including Earth were scarred with bowl shaped impressions called craters. Most worlds remain scarred today. However some like the Earth have since recovered their surfaces with new rock lava, or ice, hiding these scars.

Because Europa is smooth we know it too has recovered its surface since the Heavy Bombardment Period. This along with a few other clues has led scientists to believe that Beneath its icy outer shell lies a liquid water ocean heated by Europa's hot core. This makes Europa the most likely place for life to exist outside of the Earth.

Europa was named after a Phoenician princess abducted to Crete by Zeus

Ganymede

Like Europa, it has recently been discovered that Ganymede probably has a liquid water ocean underneath its icy exterior. Ganymede is the largest of Jupiter's moons. It is larger in diameter than both the planets Mercury and Pluto.

Ganymede was named after a very handsome Trojan boy who Zeus took away to be the cup bearer for the gods.

Callisto

Callisto is the eighth moon from the surface of Jupiter, and the second largest. This moon was named after a nymph, loved by Zeus but hated by Hera. Hera changed her into a bear, Zeus then placed her in the sky as the constellation Ursa Major.

Callisto is almost the same size as the planet Mercury.
Outer Moons

The following are the outer moons. They are the furthest moons from the surface of the planet Jupiter.

Leda



Leda is the ninth moon from the Surface of Jupiter. This world is also the smallest of Jupiter's moons. It was discovered by Kowal in 1974. The name "Leda" comes from a queen of Sparta and the mother, by Zeus in the form of a swan, of Pollux and Helen of Troy.

This moon was almost certainly an asteroid at one time.



Himalia


Himaila is the tenth moon from the surface of Jupiter. It was discovered by Perrine in 1904. Himalia was named after a nymph who bore three sons of Jupiter.



Lysithea

The eleventh moon from Jupiter's surface is Lysithea. in ancient mythology she was the daughter of Oceanus. Lysithea was discovered in 1938 by Nicholson.



Sorry no pictures available

Elara

Elara was discovered by Perinne in 1905, and is the twelfth moon from Jupiter's surface. It is named after the mother by Zeus of the giant Tityus.



Sorry no pictures available

Ananke

The thirteenth moon from Jupiter was discovered in 1951 by Nicholson. Ananke is named for the mother of Adrastea, by Jupiter.



Sorry no pictures available

Carme

Carme is Jupiter's fourteenth moon. It was discovered in 1938 by by Nicholson. Carme was the mother, by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.



Sorry no pictures available

Pasiphae

Jupiter's fifteenth moon, Pasiphae, was discovered by P. Melotte in 1908. Pasiphae was the wife of Minos and mother, by a white bull, of the Minotaur

Sorry no pictures available

Sinope

Sinope is Jupiter's sixteenth moon. It was discovered by Nicholson in 1914. Sinope was a woman who was courted unsuccessfully by Jupiter.


Sorry no pictures available

New Moons

The following moons have only recently been discovered by scientists. We do not know much about these worlds yet. W1302, W1700, W1704, W1704_2, W1800, W1903_s, W1805, W1902, W1904, W2002_2, and W1700_2.

--
shahram

Hello every body .How are you .I hope have fun and great day and night.Take care .Shahram    Gone but never forgotten

    

Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان‎) (also written Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, Ramdan, Ramadaan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, sexual conduct, smoking, and indulging in anything that is in excess or ill-natured; from dawn until sunset ^[1] Fasting is meant to teach the Muslim patience, modesty and spirituality. Ramaḍān is a time to fast for the sake of Allah, and to offer more prayer than usual. During Ramaḍān, Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance and help in refraining from everyday evils, and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds. As compared to solar calendar, the dates of Ramadan vary, moving forward about ten days each year. Ramadhan was the month in which the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed^{[Qur'an 2:185]} to the Prophet Muhammad.     Shahram-Taheri

"> You r the person I need You r the person I need    Your the person I need I cry for you and plead And your my best friend We've always been close But now I can't fly like I use to Only you can I'm to weak To sad But whats to do Only you can fly I can't find the effort to fly again But there you are with a smile on your face Acting as if nothing wrong Then it happens You take me and there I am on your wings You showed me how to fly again To get back my confidence And make me smile How did you know I was so clueless I never knew But then it hits me How could I be so stupid Your an angel And you always made me smile You knew the way to my heart And how to make me laugh Even when i didn't want to Or think i could But your always going to be there. Your my angel You follow me every where And save me from myself when things aren't right And when i give up all hope your there And when I'm in the middle of a break down your by my side In the end you look like everyone else but inside your an angel hiding your wings .Have great day and night .Shahram . Gone but never forgotten

5. The guy standing next to a beautiful girl can never be her brother.

6. If by any chance the girl you like , likes you too, she will let you know in about 10 years from now ,when you are committed..

7. The more you ignore a girl, the more she'll want to be friends with you.

8. Theory of relativity.. ....

The more u run towards a hot chick....the more she goes away from u...

9. Rule 1: Even if you got her out alone... just when you are about to let her know about your feelings...she will spot a long lost friend( I guess from Kumbh ka Mela)

Corollary to rule 1: The more desperate you are to tell your feelings to a girl on a private chat, the more probability the long lost friend she discovered is a handsome superman, who beats you in everything 9:1

Axiom 1: The more dedicated you are to the girl, the longer it takes before things work out, but ultimately it will (somesmile for the guys)

10. the day the chick you really like comes and speaks to you will be the day when-

1. You are dressed badly
2. You forgot to brush your teeth for the first time in your life
3.Have a bad hair day

11. all the good girls are either nuns or married .the rest go around with u and ruin ur money,health and leave u a total wreck.

12. the more seriously u like a girl...the more seriously her dad will hate u

13. the love you shower a girl with is directly proportional to the number of bullets her dad will be showering at you

ATiROo ...

Hello every body.I hope have health and good time.Take care.Shahram

ä

 

 2009, 8:10 PM

Hello : special Ramadan gift for you , open for Muslim Friends.Have great day and night.take care .Shahram

click on the Picture

The Seven Chakras

Crown Chakra

The Crown Chakra or 7th Chakra is located at the crown of the head and can connect us to our spiritual self. It promotes positive thought patterns, inspiration and imagination. It controls the pineal gland

Brow/Third Eye Chakra

The Brow Chakra or third eye is the 6th Chakra and it is situated just above the eyebrows. The Brow Chakra controls the pituitary gland and therefore controls and balances all the other glands in the endocrine system, nose, ears and sinuses. It promotes vision, intuition, psychic abilities, concentration, self knowledge and insight.

Throat Chakra

The Throat Chakra or 5th Chakra is located in the throat area. It is the link between ourselves and the world around us and is associated with communication, self-expression and sound.

Heart Chakra

The Heart Chakra or 4th Chakra is situated in the centre of the chest. It holds our emotional centre and promotes compassion, love, understanding, sharing and forgiveness. It controls the thymus gland, heart, blood pressure, circulation and the whole of the immune system

Solar Plexus Chakra

The Solar Plexus Chakra or 3rd Chakra is situated between the navel and base of the rib cage. It promotes confidence, humour, personal power, authority, laughter and warmth. It gives us our sense of identity and personality.

Sacral/Navel Chakra

The Sacral or Naval Chakra is the 2nd Chakra and it is located between the pubic bone and the navel. It promotes physical force, vitality and strength and it generates creativity, new ideas, passion, endurance and sexual energy.

Base Chakra

The Base Chakra or 1st chakra is situated at the base of the spine. It controls the adrenal glands, kidneys, spine and the whole of the nervous system. It promotes physical survival, vitality, stability, patience, courage and material success

This is worth reading ONE. Give people more than they expect and do it cheerfully. TWO. Marry a man/woman you love to talk to. As you get older, their conversational skills will be as important as any other. THREE. Don't believe all you hear, spend all you have or sleep all you want. FOUR. When you say, 'I love you,' mean it. FIVE.  When you say, 'I'm sorry,' look the person in the eye. SIX. Be engaged at least six months before you get married. SEVEN. Believe in love at first sight. EIGHT. Never laugh at anyone's dream. People who don't have dreams don't have much. NINE. Love deeply and passionately. You might get hurt but it's the only way to live life completely. TEN. In disagreements, fight fairly. No name calling. ELEVEN. Don't judge people by their relatives. TWELVE. Talk slowly but think quickly. THIRTEEN. When someone asks you a question you don't want to answer, smile and ask, 'Why do you want to know?' FOURTEEN. Remember that great love and great achievements involve great risk. FIFTEEN. Say 'God bless you' when you hear someone sneeze. SIXTEEN. When you lose, don't lose the lesson . SEVENTEEN. Remember the three R's: Respect for self; Respect for others; and responsibility for all your actions. EIGHTEEN. Don't let a little dispute injure a great friendship. NINETEEN. When you realize you've made a mistake, take immediate steps to correct it. TWENTY.  Smile when picking up the phone. The caller will hear it in your voice. TWENTY-ONE. Spend some time alone. A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.   It is your attitude and not your aptitude that determines your altitude.  Defeat never comes to any man until he admits it.  Life is beautiful...!!!. Have fun and great day and night .Take care .Shahram

 

Some Important Words in Life

L

The Most Selfish " 1 " letter word.   " I " ---> Avoid It   The Most Satisfying " 2 " letter words.   " We " ---> Use It.. The Most Poisonous " 3 " letter word.   " Ego" ---> Kill It.. The Most Used " 4 " letter word.   " LOVE " --> Value It.   The Pleasing " 5 " letter words.   " SMILE " --> Keep It.   The Fastest Spreading " 6 " letter word.   " RUMOUR " --> Ignore it..   The Hardest working " 7 " Letter Word.   "SUCCESS " --> Achieve it.. The Most enviable " 8 " letter word.   " JEALOUSY " --> Distance It..   The Most Powerful " 9 " word letter word..   " KNOWLEDGE " --> Acquire It.   The Most essential " 10 " letter word   " CONFIDENCE " -- > "Trust It.Have great day and night .Take care .Shahram     Gone but never forgotten

 

Husband V/S Wife

 

 

Husband: Do you know the meaning of W I F E?

It means, Without Information, Fighting Everytime!

Wife: No darling, it means,With Idiot For Ever


*******************************************************

Wife: I wish I was a newspaper,

So I'd be in your hands all day.

Husband: I too wish that you were a newspaper,

So I could have a new o ne everyday.


********************************************************

Doctor: Your husband needs rest and peace. Here are some sleeping pills..

Wife: When must I give them to him?

Doctor: They are for you


********************************************************

Wife: I had to marry you to find out how stupid you are.

Husband: You should have known it the minute

I asked you to marry me.


********************************************************

Husband: Today is Sunday & I have to enjoy it.

So I bought 3 movie tickets.

Wife: Why Three?

Husband: For you and your parents


*******************************************************

Wife: What will you give me if I climb the great Mount Everest?

Husband: A lovely Push...!!!


*********************************************************

Q: What is the most effective way to remember your wife's birthday?

A: Just forget it once and you will never forget it again


*********************************************************

After a quarrel, a wife said to her husband,

You know, I was a fool when I married you..

The husband replied, "Yes dear, but I was in love and didn't notice