Liz's original question pertained to the situation after the death of Cambyses.
Absolute chaos reigned at that time and, by the number of rebellions that broke
out everywhere, it is most probable that no one knew who was running the place,
nor even if the Persian Empire would survive. Darius' own inscription at
Behistun attests to something of the confusion at the time. His final
consolidation of power probably came as a surprise to everyone.


Regards,

GEORGE ATHAS
Moore Theological College (Sydney, Australia)
www.moore.edu.au



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I seem to vaguely recall that it isn't, but I wonder now because of this
report

http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesanegyptianph\
araohsmelllike

Thanks, ye learned Egyptologists, for clearing this up for me.


--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

My understanding is that Pharaoh just means “big house,” it’s like referring
to the president as the “white house.” It should suffice no matter who
resides there.

Liz Fried



   _____

From: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com [mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Jim
West
Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2009 7:01 AM
To: ane-2@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [ANE-2] is it proper to call the queen of egypt 'pharaoh'?



I seem to vaguely recall that it isn't, but I wonder now because of this
report

http://news.
<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesanegypt
ianpharaohsmelllike>
yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesanegyptianpharaohsme
lllike

Thanks, ye learned Egyptologists, for clearing this up for me.

--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest. <http://jwest.wordpress.com> wordpress.com





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

The Egyptian "Queen" was the principal wife of the Pharaoh, her usual
title was, I believe, "The God's Wife." There is no Egyptian parallel to
the English "king" "queen" gender distinction. Hatshepsut was in fact a
pharaoh. She used that title herself but her formal inscriptions use the
feminine grammatical forms. According to the Met catalog, "Hatshepsut:
From Queen to Pharaoh"  her name means "Foremost of Noblewomen."  Her
official titles progressed from "King's Daughter," to "King's Sister" to
King's Great Wife" to "God's Wife to "King" over her career/life.

Trudy Kawami



________________________________

From: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com [mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of
Lisbeth S. Fried
Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2009 11:03 AM
To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
Subject: RE: [ANE-2] is it proper to call the queen of egypt 'pharaoh'?



My understanding is that Pharaoh just means "big house," it's like
referring
to the president as the "white house." It should suffice no matter who
resides there.

Liz Fried

_____

From: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com <mailto:ANE-2%40yahoogroups.com>
[mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com <mailto:ANE-2%40yahoogroups.com> ] On
Behalf Of Jim
West
Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2009 7:01 AM
To: ane-2@yahoogroups.com <mailto:ane-2%40yahoogroups.com>
Subject: [ANE-2] is it proper to call the queen of egypt 'pharaoh'?

I seem to vaguely recall that it isn't, but I wonder now because of this

report

http://news.
<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesane
gypt
<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesane
gypt>
ianpharaohsmelllike>
yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090324/sc_livescience/whatdoesanegyptianpharao
hsme
lllike

Thanks, ye learned Egyptologists, for clearing this up for me.

--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest. <http://jwest.wordpress.com <http://jwest.wordpress.com> >
wordpress.com

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

The issues raised in this message have been discussed and debated extensively in
the past 20 years. Michel Foucault has been widely understood as having argued
in his THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY vol. 1, that until the late 19th-century, there
was no conception of distinct sexual orientations. This claim has been embraced
by some authors and criticized by others. John Boswell, in his CHRISTIANITY,
SOCIAL TOLERANCE, AND HOMOSEXUALITY (U. of Chicago Press, 1980) wrote of "gay
people" in Europe from the beginnings of Christianity to the Middle Ages, and
was criticized for using anachronistic terminology. The critics maintained that
there was no notion of distinct sexual interests as a personality trait in the
times Boswell covered. This is probably not quite right, as I argue below. It
must also be kept in mind that complex
civilizations often contain a number of different perspectives on many subjects,
so one can sometimes find a diversity of views represented. One can find Greek
and Roman texts expressing the view that a man will be attracted to a beautiful
body whether it belongs to a woman or a male youth. But there are also
Hellenistic astrology texts in which specialized sexual tastes are attributed to
the configuration of the heavenly bodies at birth.
     An additional point: as the historian John BOswell observed, it is possible
to have and express a concept in a language even if there is no distinct word
for it. French may not have a word for "shallow," but one can say that something
is "peu profond." Consequently the absence of a distinct term corresponding to a
contemporary sexual type does not necessarily mean that they had no such
conception. To take an example outside the ANE, one of the stories in Bocaccio's
THE DECAMERON tells of a man married to a much younger woman. He is described as
never having had any romantic or sexual interest in women. As a result of his
inattention she is in bed with a boy, where the husband finds her. The husband
jumps in bed with the two of them, and enjoys the boy. The husband is not
described as being "a homosexual" but modern readers would have no trouble
identifying him with someone we, today, would call homosexual or gay. In the
Roman story that Bocaccio adapted, the husband is n
ot described as lacking interest in women, and when he jumps in bed with his
wife and the boy, it cannot be said which he enjoyed more, the wife or the boy.
Two papers that deal with this issue in Roman society are: (1) Amy Richlin, "Not
Before Homosexuality? The Materiality of the Cinaedus and the Roman Law Against
Love between Men" Journal of the History of Sexuality 3 (1993): 523-73 and (2)
Robin Taylor, "Two Pathic Subcultures in Ancient Rome," Journal of the History
of Sexuality 7 (1997): 319-71. Leonard Zwilling finds evidence that in ancient
India distinct sexual orientations were recognized (see his "'Like a City
Ablaze': The Third Sex and the Creation of Sexuality in Jain Religious
Literature," Journal of the History of Sexuality 6 (1996): 359-84.  However, the
recognition of specific sexual types need not necessarily mean that they
correspond exactly to ours, and in the cases of the Greek and  Roman categories
a good case can be made that they do not. An additional
complication concerns the translation of sexual terminology from ancient
languages. For Greek and Latin we have a rich body of texts from which to draw
conclusions as to how the Greeks and Romans thought about sex, but even here
some of the words appear only rarely and their precise meaning is uncertain. See
Boswell, p. 107, for example, for a discussion of the Greek word arsenokoitai,
which appears in 1 Corinthians. For other languages the body of texts is more
limited. Take, for example, Hittite. Guterbock's translation of the initiation
ritual of a Hittite prince ends with something like "Then they bring in the
prostitute" (I am quoting from memory of a text I haven't looked at in more than
20 years). Mary Bachvarova, a Hittitologist, tells me that the precise meaning
of the word Guterbock translates as "prostitute" is not entirely certain. I
think the texts available in ancient Semitic languages or in Sumerian or
Egyptian are not extensive or rich enough to draw conclusio
ns with confidence. I know of nothing in these languages that would point to
recognition of a distinct sexual orientation. But the corpus is limited, and it
is possible that there was such a concept but it doesn't appear in a form we can
recognize in the surviving texts. That laws refer to behavior rather than states
of being is not necessarily strong evidence. Laws, by their nature, tend to
address behaviors rather than states of being, and it is the attention to laws
that has led many to contend that types of persons were not recognized until
modern times. Similar issues, by the way, arise in relation to contemporary
non-Western societies. Joseph Massad's recent book, DESIRING ARABS (U. of
Chicago Press, 2006?) argues that Arab civilization did  not recognize a
homosexual person as a distinct sexual type - but also that it is now acquiring
that recognition through Western contacts. - David Greenberg, Sociology
Department, New York University
>
> --- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Christian Bogh <packedmaniac@...> wrote:
> >
> > I was wondering if sexual orientation (hetero, homosexual, bi-) exists in
> > the ANE. I understand that in Leviticus for example (and in New Testament's
> > 1 Corinthians) there are words which might suggest this, but I've always
> > understood these as condemnation of certain "acts" (a generalization
> > possibly, but without going deeper into the subject..) rather than
> > conceptions.
> >
> > In Liddell-Scott I have not either been successful in uncovering a Greek
> > word, which might express an understanding of "sexual orientation". Again
> > there only seems to be word for acts, habits maybe, or there are so-called
> > "vulgar words".
> >
> > If this is the case in what way does it pose a problem for translation and
> > how do translators attempt to get around it? I would think that it is a
> > problem to transform (or understand?) "acts" to/as "orientation" like some
> > older/modern bible-translations tend to do (ex. refer ESV NT 1 Cor 6:9).
> >
> >
> > best,
> > Christian Bogh
> > stud. teol
> > Copenhagen, Uni. of
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>

List folk may be interested in this new volume

http://www.mtp.hum.ku.dk/details.asp?eln=201060

Frandsen, Paul John
Incestous and Close-Kin Marriage in Ancient Egypt and Persia.
An Examination of the Evidence

2009, 224 pp., hb
17x24,5 cm.
ISBN 978-87-635-0778-3


--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

Dear David,

I am far from certain that the Apuleian tale of the milar/baker, his unfaithful
wife and the younger lover showcases a same-sex attraction by the husband : to
sodomise the man with whom your wife has cheated is withing both your rights and
your prerogatives as a wronged husband and one of the recognised Greco-Roman
ways to punish an adulterer. Since the action degrades the lover while asserting
the husband's own superior male status (same thing goes for the whipping which
will take place after the lovemaking between the milar and the youth), the issue
in Apuleius may safely be presumed to revolve around the restoration of social
order by the humiliation of the unfaithful man. The milar's parting shot, that
the youth is a shared property between himself and his wife to be split between
the two when they get a divorce should not be assigned more weight than it
deserves - it a meant as a conceit. The story in Boccaccio is imbued with very
different notions about marriage and sexuality ; there the stress lays on the
husband's awareness of his sexual likes. For this interpretation of the two
tales, see Victor Schmidt, 'Ein Trio im Bett : Tema con variazioni bei Catull,
Martial, Babrius und Apuleius', Groningen Colloquium on the Novel 2 (Groningen,
1989), pp. 63-72 on 71-72 ; Jonathan Walters,  ''No More Than a Boy' : The
Shifting Construction of Masculinity from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages',
Gender and History 5.1, 1993, pp. 20-33 ; D. M. Halperin, in M. C. Nussbaum and
Julia Sihvola (edd.), "The Sleep of Reason. Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics
in Ancient Greece and Rome" (Chicago, 2002), pp. 34-38 (all three in substantial
agreement). To borrow from Halperin, I would say that "in Apuleius's tale the
husband's enjoyment of the wife's lover is an incidental component of his
revenge and does not express any special or distinctive sxual taste on his part,
much less a habitual preference, whereas in Boccaccio's tale the husband is
identified as the subject of deviant sexual desires and is only too happy to
exploit his wife's infidelity for the purposes of his own pleasure" (p. 37). Let
us try to study the ancient texts within the intellectual and social setting of
their epoch and disallow any kind of ideological stuffing, to which Boswell was
so partial.

J.-F. Nardelli
Université de Provence.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

calcium carbonate effloresence looks very much like light snow
 
Graham Hagens

--- On Mon, 3/23/09, Joe Zias <joezias@...> wrote:

From: Joe Zias <joezias@...>
Subject: Re: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
Date: Monday, March 23, 2009, 6:31 AM






As it was yrs ago, I don't remember exactly what the composition was, all we did
was to wash to wash the pottery in alcohol. The stuff coming up was like a very
light snow. several mm high, looked nice, however when we removed it, it left
stains on the pottery which was not glazed.
Joe
Joe Zias www.joezias. com
Anthropology/ Paleopathology

Science and Antiquity Group - Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Israel

--- On Sun, 3/22/09, Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@ earthlink. net> wrote:

From: Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@ earthlink. net>
Subject: Re: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
To: ANE-2@yahoogroups. com
Date: Sunday, March 22, 2009, 6:53 PM

Joe,

Did you determine what the inorganic salts (compound?) was? I ask

because I have seen this phenomena before and when we test it with an

acid like vinegar it turns out to be calcium carbonate. This presumably

happens when calcium hydroxide leaches out of the clay body and quickly

reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium

carbonate? Apparently this salt precipitated at the surface of the pot

as it dried out in storage.

Bea

Beatrice Hopkinson

Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society

President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK

Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America

Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA

(beahopkinson@ earthlink. net) 818-766-7780



















[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Jim,

Does Frandsen's new title include evidence from the Parthian and Sasanian
periods?

Best regards,

Chris Hopkins

________________________________

From: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com [ <mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com>
mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Jim West
Sent: Friday, March 27, 2009 7:55 AM
To: biblical-studies@yahoogroups.com; ane-2@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [ANE-2] incestuous marriages in persia and egypt

List folk may be interested in this new volume

  <http://www.mtp.hum.ku.dk/details.asp?eln=201060>
http://www.mtp.hum.ku.dk/details.asp?eln=201060

Frandsen, Paul John
Incestous and Close-Kin Marriage in Ancient Egypt and Persia.
An Examination of the Evidence

2009, 224 pp., hb
17x24,5 cm.
ISBN 978-87-635-0778-3




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I have Oppenheim's 'Nabonidus' Rise to Power' sec7 ANET (Pritchard, 1955)
pp308-11, but am wondering if there are more recent treatments of this text.

Thank you for your assistance,
Andrew C GrundyNottingham, UK




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I don't know.  I simply received notification of the book and thought
list members might be interested in the title.

Edward C. D. Hopkins wrote:
>
>
> Jim,
>
> Does Frandsen's new title include evidence from the Parthian and Sasanian
> periods?
>
> Best regards,
>
> Chris Hopkins
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

Unfortunately, some of my original article was inadvertantly left out. Hopefully
my complete musings are now online.

David Stacey

--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, "dastacey62" <DAVID.STACEY63@...> wrote:
>
> A few thoughts on Qumran can now be seen at:-
http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/stacey.shtml
>
> David Stacey
>

The definitive studies on Nabonidus (which deal also with this text) are:



Paul-Alain Beaulieu, The Reign of Nabonidus King of Babylon 556-539 B.C.

Yale University Press, 1989, and



Hanspeter Schaudig, Die Inschriften Nabonids von Babylon und Kyros' des Grossen,

Ugarit verlag, 2001.



Carla Sulzbach

McGill University/Montreal



To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
From: berit_olam@...
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2009 15:36:18 +0000
Subject: [ANE-2] Nabonidus' Rise to Power





I have Oppenheim's 'Nabonidus' Rise to Power' sec7 ANET (Pritchard, 1955)
pp308-11, but am wondering if there are more recent treatments of this text.

Thank you for your assistance,
Andrew C GrundyNottingham, UK

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]









_________________________________________________________________
Share photos with friends on Windows Live Messenger
http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9650734

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

What happened to 'little bull' as the meaning of the word?

Lisbeth S. Fried wrote:
>
>
> My understanding is that Pharaoh just means “big house,” it’s like referring
> to the president as the “white house.” It should suffice no matter who
> resides there.
>
> Liz Fried
--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

I have never heard that term "little bull" as the meaning of Pharaoh.
Where is it used?  You do find the Hittites using the term "calf" when
referring to the god Sharuma as the son of the weather god who is often
shown on or with a bull, but Egypt? That's puzzling.
Trudy Kawami

-----Original Message-----
From: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com [mailto:ANE-2@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of
Jim West
Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2009 11:08 AM
To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [ANE-2] is it proper to call the queen of egypt 'pharaoh'?

What happened to 'little bull' as the meaning of the word?

According to the description at Eisenbrauns, it goes up to, but
not including, the Islamic period.

     -Stephanie Budin



Quoting Jim West <jwest@...>:

> I don't know.  I simply received notification of the book and thought
> list members might be interested in the title.
>
> Edward C. D. Hopkins wrote:
>>
>>
>> Jim,
>>
>> Does Frandsen's new title include evidence from the Parthian and Sasanian
>> periods?
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Chris Hopkins
> ++++++
>
> Jim West
> http://jwest.wordpress.com
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>



"Maybe we can link up with someone who's meditating and download
enlightenment!" -Tachikoma

I've not seen this "snow" effect.  The porous ceramics I am familiar with
often contain vegetal inclusions that burn out leaving pores during
firing.
It is in such pores that I have observed the calcium carbonate (presumably
post-dep0sitional) effect.

Bea
Beatrice Hopkinson
Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
(beahopkinson@...) 818-766-7780

rgrahamh@...

>calcium carbonate effloresence looks very much like light snow
> 
>Graham Hagens
>
>--- On Mon, 3/23/09, Joe Zias <joezias@...> wrote:
>
>From: Joe Zias <joezias@...>
>Subject: Re: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
>To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
>Date: Monday, March 23, 2009, 6:31 AM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>As it was yrs ago, I don't remember exactly what the composition was, all
>we did was to wash to wash the pottery in alcohol. The stuff coming up was
>like a very light snow. several mm high, looked nice, however when we
>removed it, it left stains on the pottery which was not glazed.
>Joe
>Joe Zias www.joezias. com
>Anthropology/ Paleopathology
>
>Science and Antiquity Group - Jerusalem
>Jerusalem, Israel
>
>--- On Sun, 3/22/09, Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@ earthlink. net> wrote:
>
>From: Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@ earthlink. net>
>Subject: Re: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
>To: ANE-2@yahoogroups. com
>Date: Sunday, March 22, 2009, 6:53 PM
>
>Joe,
>
>Did you determine what the inorganic salts (compound?) was? I ask
>
>because I have seen this phenomena before and when we test it with an
>
>acid like vinegar it turns out to be calcium carbonate. This presumably
>
>happens when calcium hydroxide leaches out of the clay body and quickly
>
>reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium
>
>carbonate? Apparently this salt precipitated at the surface of the pot
>
>as it dried out in storage.
>
>Bea
>
>Beatrice Hopkinson
>
>Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
>
>President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
>
>Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
>
>Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
>
>(beahopkinson@ earthlink. net) 818-766-7780
>
>
>
>

--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@...> wrote:
>
A snow-like deposit on sherds was occasionally noticed during excavations in 2T
Jericho. I always assumed they were some sort of salt deposit because of their
visual similarity to salt crystal deposits widely visible around the Dead Sea
but, as far as I know, they were never analysed.

The massive 'sink-holes' that are appearing around the Dead Sea littoral as the
water level rapidly declines are supposedly due to salt deposits beneath the
newly exposed ground surface being leeched out by underground fresh water fed by
rainfall/floods causing hollow chambers the roofs of which soon collapse. Lake
Lisan, that  filled far more of the rift valley in pre-historic times, also
deposited salt. It is no wonder that any organic substances buried for 2000
years in that area are found to have absorbed bromine.

David Stacey.

> I've not seen this "snow" effect.  The porous ceramics I am familiar with
> often contain vegetal inclusions that burn out leaving pores during
> firing.
> It is in such pores that I have observed the calcium carbonate (presumably
> post-dep0sitional) effect.
>
> Bea
> Beatrice Hopkinson
> Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
> President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
> Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
> Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
> (beahopkinson@...) 818-766-7780
>
> rgrahamh@...
>
> >calcium carbonate effloresence looks very much like light snow
> > 
> >Graham Hagens
>

further to my previous posting:-

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_1ZBtGlYP6W0/SKbvMQq7wOI/AAAAAAAACAk/YXRYeKUw7eM/s1600-\
h/bolan5-avishag.JPG

David Stacey

Dear Colleagues,

I am currently trying to publish a review article on the meaning of the sign of
Cain. Hopefully another one following up will be on the subject of fratricide.
This current one is expected to be a philological foundation-building for the
next.

Moberly's 2008 Harvard Theological Review article and Fox's 1974 Revue Biblique
article are my major references for the current paper. I hope to present in a
few more supporting points for Moberly's view that the sign of Cain was actually
provided in the Biblical text. The sign is a judgement made by YHWH.

My academic command in Biblical Hebrew and Semitics in general and the
availablity of references in Beijing can only allow for such a tiny project.
Hope it can bring me back a little bit to the Biblical world.

During the preparation of the paper, I came up with quite a crazy idea: If in
BH, as some have argued, the verbal root aleph-waw-taw is actually derived from
the noun aleph-waw-taw, i.e., 'oth, is it imaginable that the noun was related
to the Old Babylonian awa:tum? I am wondering if this idea is worthy of a
passing note in the paper.

I believe I have a lot of specilists in this list to learn from for the
question. Enlighten me if you happen to know any information related to the
etymology of 'oth. Thank all in advance.

Sincerely yours,
Xianhua
Dr. Xianhua Wang, Associate Professor
School of History, Beijing Normal University
19# Xinjiekouwai Dajie, Beijing 100875, China



�件人： Charles Ellwood Jones
��时间： 2009-03-17  04:58:57
收件人： ANE-2
抄�：
主题： [ANE-2] New OI Publication Online
Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-disciplinary
Perspectives.
Edited by Jeffrey Szuchman. 2009.

Oriental Institute Seminars 5

For decades, scholars have struggled to understand the complex relationship
between pastoral nomadic tribes and sedentary peoples of the Near East. The
Oriental Institute's fourth annual post-doc seminar (March 7-8, 2008), Nomads,
Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East, brought together archaeologists,
historians, and anthropologists to discuss new approaches to enduring questions
in the study of nomadic peoples, tribes, and states of the past: What social or
political bonds link tribes and states? Could nomadic tribes exhibit elements of
urbanism or social hierarchies? How can the tools of historical, archaeological,
and ethnographic research be integrated to build a dynamic picture of the social
landscape of the Near East? This volume presents a range of data and theoretical
perspectives from a variety of regions and periods, including prehistoric Iran,
ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, seventh-century Arabia, and nineteenth-century
Jordan.

Table of Contents:

1. Integrating Approaches to Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near
East. Jeffrey Szuchman, University of Chicago

Section One: Integrating Methods: Historical, Archaeological, and Ethnographic
Data
2. The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomads between the Nile and the Red Sea. Hans
Barnard, University of California, Los Angeles
3. Egypt and the Vanishing Libyan: Institutional Responses to a Nomadic People.
Robert Ritner, University of Chicago
4. History Does Not Repeat Itself: Cyclicity and Particularism in
Nomad-Sedentary Relations in the Negev in the Long Term. Steven A. Rosen,
Ben-Gurion University
5. Pitching Camp: Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of Inhabited Tent Camps in
the Wadi Hisma, Jordan. Benjamin Adam Saidel, East Carolina University
6. Tribal Societies in the Nineteenth Century: A Model. Eveline van der Steen,
University of Liverpool

Section Two: Integrating Paradigms of Tribe-State Interaction
7. Specific Characteristics of Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Pastoralism in the
Near East. Anatoly M. Khazanov, University of Wisconsin-Madison
8. Prehistoric Mobile Pastoralists in South-central and Southwestern Iran. Abbas
Alizadeh, University of Chicago
9. Pastoral Nomads and Iron Age Metal Production in Ancient Edom. Thomas E.
Levy, University of California, San Diego
10. Who Lived in the Third-millennium "Round Cities" of Northern Syria?.
Bertille Lyonnet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris
11. Beyond Dimorphism: Ideologies and Materialities of Kinship as Time-Space
Distanciation. Anne Porter, University of Southern California
12. Kingship of City and Tribe Conjoined: Zimri-Lim at Mari. Daniel E. Fleming,
New York University
13. From Pastoral Peasantry to Tribal Urbanites: Arab Tribes and the Foundation
of the Islamic State in Syria. Donald Whitcomb, University of Chicago

Section Three: Response
14. Pastoral Mobility as an Adaptation. Frank Hole, Yale University

Index

Available for sale or for free download in PDF.

For links to this book and to all other online publications of the Oriental
Institute Chicago, see:
http://tinyurl.com/djj8wf

-Chuck Jones-





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

The Biblical Archaeologist Vol. 60 (2), 1997 (available on CD-ROM) has an
interesting article about efforts to extract wood samples from the Roman era
siege ramp at Masada (1996), pollen samples from lake sediment deposits at Lake
Van in Anatolia, and other evidence gathered in Galilee, the Negev, and Dead Sea
regions.  By studying concentrations of C13 in wood growth rings there is a
theory that the climate was colder and wetter near the Dead Sea during Roman
times. 
 
Pollen samples from lake sediments were used to establish the species of plants
in an area during ancient times.  Some plants that existed during cooler, wetter
times, might no longer exist in more arid conditions, or they may exist in
smaller percentages relative to total population.    
 
This is in sync with theories of a long term global warming trend since the peak
of the most recent Ice Age c. 20,000 B.P.   
 
There was likely more water in the Negev and southern Israel at this time.  The
water table likely received less recharge water with continued warm and dry
conditions.  The outflow of groundwater through springs may have depleted
water resources stored during the Ice Age, described by hydrologists as "fossil
water."  The well at Tel Arad near the northern border of the Negev was cleaned
out years ago.  The place is in a public park open to tourists.  The well was
dug in ancient times and is no longer deep enough to reach the water table.
 
As water resources may have been more abundant in Roman times, one looking at
the area in recent years might not have a precise view of the way it was 2000
years ago. 
 
David Q. Hall
dqhall59@...
   




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

-----Original Message-----
>From: dastacey62 <DAVID.STACEY63@...>
>Sent: Mar 30, 2009 4:16 AM
>To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
>Subject: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
>
>--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@...> wrote:
>>
>A snow-like deposit on sherds was occasionally noticed during excavations in 2T
Jericho. I always assumed they were some sort of salt deposit because of their
visual similarity to salt crystal deposits widely visible around the Dead Sea
but, as far as I know, they were never analysed.
>
>The massive 'sink-holes' that are appearing around the Dead Sea littoral as the
water level rapidly declines are supposedly due to salt deposits beneath the
newly exposed ground surface being leeched out by underground fresh water fed by
rainfall/floods causing hollow chambers the roofs of which soon collapse. Lake
Lisan, that  filled far more of the rift valley in pre-historic times, also
deposited salt. It is no wonder that any organic substances buried for 2000
years in that area are found to have absorbed bromine.
>
>David Stacey.
>
>> I've not seen this "snow" effect.  The porous ceramics I am familiar with
>> often contain vegetal inclusions that burn out leaving pores during
>> firing.
>> It is in such pores that I have observed the calcium carbonate (presumably
>> post-dep0sitional) effect.
>>
>> Bea
>> Beatrice Hopkinson
>> Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
>> President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
>> Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
>> Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
>> (beahopkinson@...) 818-766-7780
>>
>> rgrahamh@...
>>
>> >calcium carbonate effloresence looks very much like light snow
>> > 
>> >Graham Hagens
>>
>
>
>
>------------------------------------
>
>Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>

>From: dastacey62 <DAVID.STACEY63@...>
>Sent: Mar 30, 2009 4:16 AM
>To: ANE-2@yahoogroups.com
>Subject: [ANE-2] Re: The Times and Prof. Elior offer Essenes oblivion
David,

      You are correct that any organic (more correctly porous material)
buried
in that area is likely to absorb salts - the question is what salt - as
they do not
all act the same.   Bromine, a halogen element, is a reddish-brown
volatile liquid at standard room temperature, its vapours corrosive and
toxic.   It bonds easily with many elements and has a strong bleaching
action which would account for the 'snow' effect on pottery.

Beatrice Hopkinson,
Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
  President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
(beahopkinson@...) 818-766-7780


>--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Beatrice Hopkinson <beahopkinson@...> wrote:
>>
>A snow-like deposit on sherds was occasionally noticed during excavations in
2T Jericho. I always assumed they were some sort of salt deposit because
of their visual similarity to salt crystal deposits widely visible around
the Dead Sea but, as far as I know, they were never analysed.
>
>The massive 'sink-holes' that are appearing around the Dead Sea littoral as
the water level rapidly declines are supposedly due to salt deposits
beneath the newly exposed ground surface being leeched out by underground
fresh water fed by rainfall/floods causing hollow chambers the roofs of
which soon collapse. Lake Lisan, that filled far more of the rift valley
in pre-historic times, also deposited salt. It is no wonder that any
organic substances buried for 2000 years in that area are found to have
absorbed bromine.
>
>David Stacey.
>
>> I've not seen this "snow" effect. The porous ceramics I am familiar with
>> often contain vegetal inclusions that burn out leaving pores during
>> firing.
>> It is in such pores that I have observed the calcium carbonate (presumably
>> post-dep0sitional) effect.
>>
>> Bea
>> Beatrice Hopkinson
>> Hon. Secretary Los Angeles Branch, Oxford University Society
>> President, Droitwich Brine Springs and Archaeological Trust, UK
>> Board Member, Archaeological Institute of America
>> Affilliate, Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA
>> (beahopkinson@...) 818-766-7780
>>
>> rgrahamh@...
>>
>> >calcium carbonate effloresence looks very much like light snow
>> > 
>> >Graham Hagens
>>
>
>
>
>------------------------------------
>
>Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>

List folk may find this to be of interest

http://www.alt-arch.org/jerusalem.php


--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

To the best of my knowledge the term pharaoh has never been translated
or understood to mean "Mighty Bull" in reputable sources.  I believe
there might be a confusion here with with translation of the Horus Name,
which in the 18th dynasty almost invariably contained this phrase.   For
example, the Horus name of Thutmose III was Mighty-bull-aising-in-Thebes
, often rendered Ka-nakht-kha-em-waset.  The Horus name is the first of
the 5 names applied to Egyptian kings, and is preceded by either a glyph
representing Horus as a falcon/hawk, or one showing a falcon on a palace
facade.  Even Akhenaten used this expression in his Horus name, calling
himself "Mighty-Bull-Beloved-of-Aten"

   It depends on what you mean by "Egyptian queen":  If you mean a woman
who is not ruling Egypt on her own, but is defined
by her very close relationship to the King (nsw-bity), the Egyptian
titles translate as "King's Mother" (mwt nsw) or "King's Wife" (Hmt Nsw)
and variants such as "King's Great (Chief) Wife".  If you are referring
to a royal woman who has assumed all the titles and powers of a
nsw-bity, then she should technically be referred to as "king", although
pharaoh will do.

As another poster pointed out, the term "pharaoh" means "great house".
It is not used to refer to the King before the New Kingdom, and does not
take the place of "nsw" in the compound titles.  However, the term King
is not itself a direct translation of nsw-bity.  The terms "prince" or
"princess" also do  not exist.  Children of the king are called "S3 nsw"
or "s3t nsw"

      Dr. Lyn Green, SSEA


--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Jim West <jwest@...> wrote:
>
> What happened to 'little bull' as the meaning of the word?
>
> Lisbeth S. Fried wrote:
> >
> >
> > My understanding is that Pharaoh just means "big house,"
it's like referring
> > to the president as the "white house." It should suffice no
matter who
> > resides there.
> >
> > Liz Fried
> --
> ++++++
>
> Jim West
> http://jwest.wordpress.com
>

and the results are quite astonishing.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090331/ap_on_re_eu/eu_germany_nefertiti_face


--
++++++

Jim West
http://jwest.wordpress.com

Dear ANE-2 readers,

I am glad to let You know that the new volume of Palamedes. A Journal of
Ancient History (journal published by Institute of History, University
of Warsaw) has been recently published.
Some of the articles may be of interest to You.

More information about the journal may be found at:
www.palamedes.uw.edu.pl

Palamedes. A journal of Ancient History, 3 (2008)

Table of Contents

ANNA ¦WIDERKÓWNA (1925–2008) [5-8]

JÓZEF WOLSKI (1910–2008) [9-16]

Witold Tyborowski, ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC AND FAMILY LIFE OF THE NADITU
WOMEN IN THE OLD BABYLONIAN PERIOD [17-34]

Stefan Zawadzki, THE MIDDLE EUPHRATES IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C. AS AN
INTERMEDIARY IN ECONOMIC CONTACTS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND THE WEST
[35-48]

Jorrit M. Kelder, A GREAT KING AT MYCENAE. AN ARGUMENT FOR THE WANAX AS
GREAT KING AND THE LAWAGETAS AS VASSAL RULER [49-74]

Piotr Berdowski, HEROES AND FISH IN HOMER [75-92]

Benedetto Bravo, PASSI STRANI IN ERODOTO E TUCIDIDE SU COSE DELLA GRECIA
DEL VI SECOLO O PIÙ ANTICHE. AUTENTICO E NON-AUTENTICO [93-134]

Ryszard Kulesza, SPARTAN GAMOS IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD [135-166]

Jerzy Kolendo, THE EMBASSY OF MASYOS, KING OF SEMNONE, AND THE
DESCRIPTION OF SUEBIA IN TACITUS’ GERMANIA [167-188]

Pawe³ Janiszewski, WHY CAN’T WE SEE DEMONS? THE EVAGRIAN CONCEPT
OF THE STRUCTURE OF BODIES ORIGINATING FROM THREE PARALLEL MATERIAL
WORLDS, IN THE CONTEXT OF ARISTOTELIAN QUALITY THEORY [189-208]

Varia

Rafa³ Kosiñski, LEO II – SOME CHRONOLOGICAL QUESTIONS [209-214]

Adam £ajtar, Faraj Abd el-Karim, A GRAVE INSCRIPTION FROM PTOLEMAIS IN
CYRENAICA WITH THE LIBYAN NAME AIALAN AND THE TERM AKINETOS FOR
‘TOMB’ [215-220]

Reviews

Stefan Zawadzki, Garments of the Gods. Studies on the Textile Industry
and the Pantheon of Sippar according to the Texts from the Ebabbar
Archive (M. Stêpieñ) [221-226]

Jan Du±ek, Les manuscrits araméens du Wadi Daliyeh et la Samarie vers
450–332 av. J.-C. (E. Lipiñski) [227-246]

Amos Kloner, Boaz Zissu, The Necropolis of Jerusalem in the Second
Temple Period (J. M³ynarczyk) [247-256]

Pawe³ Janiszewski, The Missing Link: Greek Pagan Historiography in the
Second Half of the Third Century and in the Fourth Century A.D. (Ch.A.
Baron) [257-260]

ANCIENT STUDIES IN POLAND (E. Szabat) [261-268]

With best regards
Lukasz Niesiolowski-Spano

----------------------------------------------------
Kontroluj± wszystko... oprócz jednego cz³owieka.
Clive Owen w thrillerze kryminalnym THE INTERNATIONAL
w kinach od 27 marca - Zobacz zwiastun filmu:
http://klik.wp.pl/?adr=http%3A%2F%2Fcorto.www.wp.pl%2Fas%2Ftheinternational.html\
&sid=682

--- In ANE-2@yahoogroups.com, Jim West <jwest@...> wrote:
>
> List folk may find this to be of interest
>
> http://www.alt-arch.org/jerusalem.php
>
>
> --
> ++++++
>
> Jim West
> http://jwest.wordpress.com
>

It's a shame when people try to stop digs just because they're scared of what
might be found.

Jordan Wilson

If in BH, as some have argued, the verbal root aleph-waw-taw is
actually derived from the noun aleph-waw-taw, i.e., 'oth, is it
imaginable that the noun was related to the Old Babylonian awa:tum?
Xianhua Wang

Xianhua
   I do not know whether others have responded to you privately, but I
will take this opportunity to make a few observations on these two
words, particularly  their occurrences in the early West-Semitic
epigraphic texts that  I work on.

(1) 't, plural 'tt
This word ('tt 'signs') appears on the Izbet Sartah ostracon (Iron
Age), in the first line of the inscription, and as the bottom line of
the text is a copy of the West Semitic consonantal alphabet, we could
assume that it is a reference to those letters as 'signs'. (In
Mishnaic Hebrew the term for letters of the alphabet is 'otiyyot.) My
reading of the letters preceding 'tt is 'lmd  'I learn' . (The M has
also been seen as Sh, but it is not the same as the Shin in the list
of signs at the bottom, nor is the last sign of the text, in the
bottom right corner, in the phrase h.ld`lm 'duration(s) of the the
world'; the writer apparently means that this document he  has written
and stored away in a hole in the ground will keep his memory alive for
ever.)

For a (murky) photograph and a drawing go to:

http://cryptcracker.blogspot.com/2007/01/ancient-abagadary-abecedary-this-is.htm\
l

http://collesseum.googlepages.com/abgadary

Now, the second T of 'TT is below the first one, but not clear; only
the horizontal stroke of the + stands out; but we can see what the
scribe intended,  in the first words of the second line: K T T N, with
two clear examples of T in a ligature (as in Arabic writing). The
sequence KT in this context might lead us to expect KTB 'write', but
this is not possible, because of the double T and the N, which matches
the N in the alphabet on the bottom line;  the k could be the
conjunction kiy, and ttn a verb from ntn 'give'; my interpretation is
"I see that the eye gives the breath of a sign (' T again, 'letter')
to the ear".

Notice that there is no W in the word 't in this document.

Another possible occurrence is on Byblos tablet D from the Bronze Age,
written in the WS logo-syllabary (lines 23-24):

pa ti sa ta ru ni 'u ya ta ta la ki ti ma
"and (pa) they observe (tisataru) for me (-ni)  the sign(s) ('uyatata)
for truth (la-kiti-ma)"

This is in a covenant context, and the reading of the signs is
according to George Mendenhall (The syllabic inscriptions from Byblos,
1985, 71) and myself (Brian E. Colless, The syllabic inscriptions of
Byblos: Text D, Abr-Nahrain [Ancient Near Eastern Studies] 31, 1993,
1-35, 22). The root str is common Semitic for 'cover, protect'.

Notice the Y in the noun taken as meaning 'sign' or 'signs' (but the -
a seems to be accusative singular, whereas -ti would be expected for
the plural form, as in matati 'lands', see below; it could be a
'misprint' with so many instances of TA and TI in the line).
Mendenhall invokes Arabic 'ayat (cognate with Hbr 'ôt, 'sign, mark')
and assumes that the root is 'YT (not 'WT) .

(2) hawatu, awâtum
The same Byblos tablet D (Colless 1993, 6-7) )begins thus (1-2a)
ha wa tu h.u ru ba `i lu  'i 'a tu 'u ni ma ta ti la ki ti
"The word(s) (hawatu) of H.uru-Ba`ilu: I bring (root 't') the lands
(matati) to myself (-ni), to truth (la-kit(t)i)"

For my part this reading immediately gives me confidence that the
values Mendenhall has assigned to the syllabograms are correct, though
I altered a few of them on my own table of signs:
http://collesseum.googlepages.com/westsemiticsyllabary

Ugaritic has plenty of examples of hwt 'word', and the initial h- may
have been present in Akkadian (right? but not written?)

The Akkadian awâtum is said to come from awûm 'speak'.

In this connection, the Hebrew word hawah has been studied by Meir
Lubetski (Religion, 20, 1990, 217-232); it is usually given the
meaning 'desire', and the basic meaning may be aspiration, exhalation,
but could also be outbreathings, utterances in Psalm 52:4, 9, and 91:3).

Finally, with regard to your question, there may be a connection
between everything in this section (roots HW and  AWU,  breathing out)
but not with the 'sign, mark' words in part 1.

Brian Colless
Massey University, NZ


On 30/03/2009, at 11:45 PM, X.Wang wrote:

> Dear Colleagues,
>
> I am currently trying to publish a review article on the meaning of
> the sign of Cain. Hopefully another one following up will be on the
> subject of fratricide. This current one is expected to be a
> philological foundation-building for the next.
>
> Moberly's 2008 Harvard Theological Review article and Fox's 1974
> Revue Biblique article are my major references for the current
> paper. I hope to present in a few more supporting points for
> Moberly's view that the sign of Cain was actually provided in the
> Biblical text. The sign is a judgement made by YHWH.
>
> My academic command in Biblical Hebrew and Semitics in general and
> the availablity of references in Beijing can only allow for such a
> tiny project. Hope it can bring me back a little bit to the Biblical
> world.
>
> During the preparation of the paper, I came up with quite a crazy
> idea: If in BH, as some have argued, the verbal root aleph-waw-taw
> is actually derived from the noun aleph-waw-taw, i.e., 'oth, is it
> imaginable that the noun was related to the Old Babylonian awa:tum?
> I am wondering if this idea is worthy of a passing note in the paper.
>
> I believe I have a lot of specilists in this list to learn from for
> the question. Enlighten me if you happen to know any information
> related to the etymology of 'oth. Thank all in advance.
>
> Sincerely yours,
> Xianhua
> Dr. Xianhua Wang, Associate Professor
> School of History, Beijing Normal University
> 19# Xinjiekouwai Dajie, Beijing 100875, China
>
>
>
> �件人： Charles Ellwood Jones
> ��时间： 2009-03-17 04:58:57
> 收件人： ANE-2
> 抄�：
> 主题： [ANE-2] New OI Publication Online
> Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-
> disciplinary Perspectives.
> Edited by Jeffrey Szuchman. 2009.
>
> Oriental Institute Seminars 5
>
> For decades, scholars have struggled to understand the complex
> relationship between pastoral nomadic tribes and sedentary peoples
> of the Near East. The Oriental Institute's fourth annual post-doc
> seminar (March 7-8, 2008), Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the
> Ancient Near East, brought together archaeologists, historians, and
> anthropologists to discuss new approaches to enduring questions in
> the study of nomadic peoples, tribes, and states of the past: What
> social or political bonds link tribes and states? Could nomadic
> tribes exhibit elements of urbanism or social hierarchies? How can
> the tools of historical, archaeological, and ethnographic research
> be integrated to build a dynamic picture of the social landscape of
> the Near East? This volume presents a range of data and theoretical
> perspectives from a variety of regions and periods, including
> prehistoric Iran, ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, seventh-century
> Arabia, and nineteenth-century Jordan.
>
> Table of Contents:
>
> 1. Integrating Approaches to Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the
> Ancient Near East. Jeffrey Szuchman, University of Chicago
>
> Section One: Integrating Methods: Historical, Archaeological, and
> Ethnographic Data
> 2. The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomads between the Nile and the Red
> Sea. Hans Barnard, University of California, Los Angeles
> 3. Egypt and the Vanishing Libyan: Institutional Responses to a
> Nomadic People. Robert Ritner, University of Chicago
> 4. History Does Not Repeat Itself: Cyclicity and Particularism in
> Nomad-Sedentary Relations in the Negev in the Long Term. Steven A.
> Rosen, Ben-Gurion University
> 5. Pitching Camp: Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of Inhabited
> Tent Camps in the Wadi Hisma, Jordan. Benjamin Adam Saidel, East
> Carolina University
> 6. Tribal Societies in the Nineteenth Century: A Model. Eveline van
> der Steen, University of Liverpool
>
> Section Two: Integrating Paradigms of Tribe-State Interaction
> 7. Specific Characteristics of Chalcolithic and Bronze Age
> Pastoralism in the Near East. Anatoly M. Khazanov, University of
> Wisconsin-Madison
> 8. Prehistoric Mobile Pastoralists in South-central and Southwestern
> Iran. Abbas Alizadeh, University of Chicago
> 9. Pastoral Nomads and Iron Age Metal Production in Ancient Edom.
> Thomas E. Levy, University of California, San Diego
> 10. Who Lived in the Third-millennium "Round Cities" of Northern
> Syria?. Bertille Lyonnet, Centre National de la Recherche
> Scientifique, Paris
> 11. Beyond Dimorphism: Ideologies and Materialities of Kinship as
> Time-Space Distanciation. Anne Porter, University of Southern
> California
> 12. Kingship of City and Tribe Conjoined: Zimri-Lim at Mari. Daniel
> E. Fleming, New York University
> 13. From Pastoral Peasantry to Tribal Urbanites: Arab Tribes and the
> Foundation of the Islamic State in Syria. Donald Whitcomb,
> University of Chicago
>
> Section Three: Response
> 14. Pastoral Mobility as an Adaptation. Frank Hole, Yale University
>
> Index
>
> Available for sale or for free download in PDF.
>
> For links to this book and to all other online publications of the
> Oriental Institute Chicago, see:
> http://tinyurl.com/djj8wf
>
> -Chuck Jones-
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I was wondering if members of this group had particular sites or localities they
wish archaeologists would examine?  I mean, sites that are possibly avaiable for
archeological digs.  The Temple Mount, for example, is not available at this
time.

For example, I wish an interesting tell near the West Bank town of Awarta would
be examined.  I believe it might be useful for greater understanding of this
region in the Iron 2 age.  The site controlled some interesting Iron Age routes
south-west to the Sharon Plain, north-west to the region south of Samaria,
south-east to the Jordan and the Ammon/Moab region, and north-south to Shechem
and Jerusalem.

Just a bit of wishful fancy.

Frank Clancy